• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2011년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.338-341
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• 2011

Water usage for cleaning the toilet bowl accounts for 27% of the total water usage. Water-saving valve that can select the amount of water for cleaning toilet bowl can be reduced expenditure. After installing water-saving valve, analysed the economic effects. Water-saving valves compared with flush valves, and researched the amount of water usage. Then analyzed fort he economic effects. Water-saving valve was used 5.6 ${\ell}/time$ for cleaning toilet bowl. In contrast, flush valve was consumed 8.4 ${\ell}/time$. Water-saving valve's water-saving rate was 33.3%. The initial payback period for Water-saving valve was 459.5 days. By a small investment in water saving valve, the economic benefits can be obtained.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.656-661
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• 2011

The amount of water resources that can be used tend to be decreased gradually. In contrast, the rapidly increasing water consumption is a problem that need to be addressed. Renovation and equipment replacement to improve energy efficiency and to reduce expenditure for building usage is required. But the excessive initial investment cost and the prolonged of pay back period may be uneconomical choice. Water usage for cleaning the toilet bowl accounts for 27%of the total water usage. Water-saving valve that can select the amount of water for cleaning toilet bowl can be reduced expenditure. After installing water-saving valve, analysed the economic effects. Water-saving valves compared with flush valves, and researched the amount of water usage. Then analyzed for the economic effects. Water-saving valve was used 5.6 ${\ell}$/time for cleaning toilet bowl. In contrast, flush valve was consumed 8.4 ${\ell}$/time. Water-saving valve's water-saving rate was 33.3%. The initial payback period for Water-saving valve was 459.5 days. By a small investment in water saving valve, the economic benefits can be obtained.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.495-502
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• 2007

상수관망에서 다양한 제수밸브 분포간의 우열성 평가는 상수관망의 신뢰성 확보를 위해 필수적이다. 기존 상수관망에 새로운 제수밸브를 추가할 경우나 새로운 상수관망을 건설할 경우, 본 연구에서는 서로 다른 제수밸브 분포간의 우열성을 평가하여 좀 더 효율적인 제수밸브 분포를 선택할 수 있는 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 제안된 방법은 상수관 및 제수밸브의 파괴 모의를 바탕으로 하며 제수밸브 분포간의 우열성은 상수관망의 신뢰도를 기준으로 하였다. 상수관망의 신뢰도는 상수관 파괴당 평균적인 단수인구로 나타내지며 충분한 횟수의 상수관 및 제수밸브 파괴모의를 통해서 산정하였다. 제안된 방법의 적용성을 평가하기 위하여 실제 상수관망을 대상으로 새로운 제수밸브를 추가할 경우 두가지 다른 밸브분포를 결정한 후 우열성을 판별하였다. 또한 다양한 제수밸브 신뢰도에 따른 관파괴당 평균단수인구를 산정하여 제수밸브 신뢰도가 상수관망의 신뢰도 향상에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2012

Water hammer pumps can effectively use the water hammer phenomenon for water pumping. They are capable of providing an effective fluid transport method in regions without a well-developed social infrastructure. The results of experiments examining the effect of the geometric form of water hammer pumps by considering their major dimensions have been reported. However, these conventional studies have not fully evaluated pump performance in terms of pump head and flow rate, common measures of pump performance. The authors have focused on the effects on the pump performance of various geometric form factors in water hammer pumps. The previous study examined how the hydrodynamic characteristics was affected by the inner diameter ratio of the drive and lift pipes and the angle of the drive pipe, basic form factors of water hammer pumps. The previous papers also showed that the behavior of water hammer pump operation could be divided into four characteristic phases. The behavior of temporal changes in valve chamber and air chamber pressures according to the air volume in the air chamber located downstream of the lift valve was also clarified in connection with changes in water hammer pump performance. In addition, the effects on water hammer pump performance of the length of the spring attached to the drain valve and the drain pipe angle, form factors around the drain valve, were examined experimentally. This study focuses on the form of the lift valve, a major component of water hammer pumps, and examines the effects of the size of the lift valve opening area on water hammer pump performance. It also clarifies the behavior of flow in the valve chamber during water hammer pump operation.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제52권10호
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• pp.719-728
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• 2019

상수도 관망 밸브는 평상시 관로의 유향을 변경하는 역할을 하지만, 관로 파손, 수질 문제 등 사고 발생 시 해당 구역을 격리하는데에도 이용된다. 밸브조작에 의한 구역 단수는 주변 지역의 압력 및 물 공급 성능 저하를 유발한다. 최근 안정적인 상수도 관망 물 공급을 위협하는 사고가 다양하고 빈번하게 발생하고 있으며, 이에 따라 다양한 시나리오를 고려하여 밸브 위치 결정을 하는 것이 필요하다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 밸브의 개수, 구역격리 시 물 부족량, 수리학적 거리 인자(Hydraulic Geodesic Index, HGI)를 통합한 목적함수를 개발하고, 다양한 물 부족 시나리오에 기반한 밸브 최적 위치 결정 방법론을 제안한다. 제안한 방법론은 페스카라 관망에 적용되었으며, 시나리오별로 도출된 최적 밸브 설계안의 차이점을 분석하였다. 최적 밸브 위치 탐색 과정 중 수행된 관망 수리해석은 압력 기반(Pressure Driven Analysis, PDA)으로 수행하였다. 개발된 방법론으로 도출한 최적 밸브 설계안은 기존 설계안 대비 밸브 개수가 최대 19개나 적었고, 세그먼트 격리 시 물 공급 부족량 또한 상대적으로 작았다. 수원 수두가 낮은 시나리오를 고려할수록 더 많은 밸브가 설치되었는데, 밸브 추가 설치에 따른 비용증가는 다양한 시나리오에서 물 공급 성능 향상으로 이어짐을 확인하였다. 또한, 세그먼트 격리 상황 모의를 압력 및 유량 기반 해석으로 수행한 결과를 비교하여, 밸브 최적 위치 설계 수행 시 압력 기반 해석이 필요함을 확인하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.849-859
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• 2022

Feed-water valves (FWVs) are used to regulate the flow rate of water entering steam generators, which are very important devices in nuclear power plants. Due to the working environment of relatively high pressure and temperature, there is strength failure problem of valve body in some cases. Based on the thermo-fluid-solid coupling model, the valve body stress of the feed-water valve in the opening process is investigated. The flow field characteristics inside the valve and temperature change of the valve body with time are studied. The stress analysis of the valve body is carried out considering mechanical stress and thermal stress comprehensively. The results show that the area with relatively high-velocity area moves gradually from the bottom of the cross section to the top of the cross section with the increase of the opening degree. The whole valve body reaches the same temperature of 250 ℃ at the time of 1894 s. The maximum stress of the valve body meets the design requirements by stress assessment. This work can be referred for the design of FWVs and other similar valves.

• 대한설비공학회지:설비저널
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1982

The water-hammer phenomena caused by pump power failure are analysed by digital computer. Asan cool ins water pipe system has been chosen as a model. It is Shown that after power failure the pressure at the pump outlet drops sharply, and to prevent reverse flow, either butterfly valve or check valve can be used. After the valve closure, pressure oscillates behind the valve. To weaken the pressure wave, it is recommended to install a servo-operated valve in a bypass Line around the pamp and the check valve.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.2251-2256
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• 1994

An experimental study was conducted on water hammer phenomena generated by quick valve operations in piping systems of buildings. Transient water hammer pressure waves were measured for three different types of valves, i. e. a ball valve, a solenoid valve, and on one-touch valve. The effects of flow rate and valve closing time on the maximum water hammer pressure were investigated. Based on the experimental results, general design recommendations were provided to prevent water hammer phenomena in piping systems of high-rise apartment buildings.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.261-273
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• 2022

In this study, we collect water control valves that have had accidents due to existing cracks, etc. are collected, and propose investigation items for strengthening the valve structural safety evaluation through a series of analyzes from valve specifications to physicochemical properties are proposed. The results of this study are as follows. First, there was a large variation in the thickness of the body or flange of the valves to be investigated, which is considered to be very important factor, because it may affect the safety of the valve body against internal pressure and the flange connected with the bolt nut. Second, 60% of the valves under investigation had many voids in the valve body and flange, etc. and the decrease in thickness due to corrosion was relatively large on the inner surface in contact with water rather than the outer surface. It is judged that the investigation of depth included voids is very important factor. Third, all valves to be investigated are made of gray cast iron foam, and therefore it is judged that there is no major problem in chemical composition. It is judged that the chemical composition should be investigated. Fourth, as a physical investigation item, the analysis of metal morphology structure seems to be a very important factor for nodular cast iron from rather than a gray cast iron foam water valve with a flake structure. As it was found to be 46.7~68.8% of the standard recommended by KS, it could have a direct effect on damage such as cracks, and therefore it is judged that the evaluation of tensile strength is very important in evaluating the safety of the valve.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집E
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• pp.288-293
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• 2001

This paper presents the water-hammer effect due to the rapid opening and closing of isolation valve and thruster valve in the spacecraft propulsion system. The single propellant feed system was modeled to investigate the maximum peak pressure due to the water-hammer effect. The test parameters are tank supply pressure, shape and throat length of orifice and line length. Kerosene was used as the inert simulant propellant liquid instead of hydrazine. As downstream line length after isolation valve increased from 1.5 to 2.5m, the maximum line-filling water-hammer peak pressure decreased, but the average time interval between peak pressures increased. The maximum line-filling water-hammer peak pressure with orifice was lower than without orifice, and the maximum line-filling water-hammer peak pressure with orifice at the back of isolation valve was lower than with orifice in front of isolation valve. Without orifice, the maximum water-hammer peak pressure due to the rapid opening and closing of the thruster valve was about 126% of tank supply pressure. With orifice, it decreased. As orifice throat length increased, it decreased. The maximum water-hammer peak pressure due to the rapid closing of the thruster valve with converging-diverging orifice was lower than normal orifice. It was found that the orifice as a means of pressure drop was very effective to reduce the water hammer peak pressure at the thruster valve. The results of this study can be used for the design of spacecraft liquid propulsion feed system.