• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.482-482
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• 2017

기후변화로 인하여 가뭄 또는 홍수 등의 유역 수자원 피해가 빈번하게 발생하고 있기 때문에 이에 대응하기 위한 예측 및 적응방안 마련이 시급하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 유역의 물이용 취약성을 평가하고자 하였으며, 평가 지표는 취약성 정의에 따라 노출, 민감도, 적응능력으로 구성하였다. 일반적으로 미래 시나리오 적용 시 기후변화 요소는 고려하고 있으나 사회경제적 요소는 거의 반영되지 않고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 강수 패턴의 변화를 반영한 기후변화 시나리오와 인구, 경제, 토지이용변화에 대한 사회경제 시나리오의 적용가능성을 고려하여 지표를 선정하였다. 이후 물이용 취약성의 정량적 평가를 위하여 다기준 의사결정기법(Multi-Criteria Decision Making)인 TOPSIS(Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution) 기법을 활용하여 취약성을 지수화하였다. 자료는 국가 통계 및 관측 자료와 각 시나리오를 통해 수집하였고, 유출량 등의 모의 자료는 SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) 모형의 결과를 활용하였다. 타 유역에 비하여 기후변화 및 사회경제적 요소에 대한 영향이 큰 한강유역에 대하여 중권역별 물이용 취약성 순위를 도출하였다. 이를 통하여 기후변화 및 사회경제 시나리오를 적용한 물이용 취약성을 평가하고, 각 시나리오의 상대적 중요성을 분석하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.32-32
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• 2022

본 연구는 농경지가 주로 분포되어있는 영산강 유역(3,371.4 km²)을 대상으로 농업용수 건전성 및 취약성 평가를 수행하였다. 먼저, 농업용수 건전성은 관개 기간에 농업용수 확보를 위한 유역 환경 요소(하천, 토지이용, 수문, 수질, 수생태, 서식지)로 정의하였으며, 취약성은 용수공급에 영향을 주는 인위적인 변화 요소(기후변화, 불투수층 변화, 농업용수 수요량 변화, 토지피복 변화)로 구분하였다. 각 요소의 sub-index는 1개의 지수로 정규화하여 평가하였으며 Percentile rank 방법으로 계산하였다. 분석결과 영산강 하류의 나주시(5004) 유역의 건전성 및 취약성 지수가 각각 0.33, 0.92로 농업용수 공급에 취약한 것으로 분석되었다. 이에 따른 회복력 및 유지·조치 우선순위 분석결과 또한 농업용 수리시설(저수지, 양수장, 취입보, 집수암거, 관정)을 이용한 농업용수 확보가 시급한 것으로 분석되었다. 최종적으로 본 연구에서 제시한 농업용수 건전성 및 취약성 지수는 장기간에 걸친 유역 변화분석이 가능하고, 농업용수 공급 상황을 예측함으로써 향후 농업용수 확보를 위한 시설물 설치계획 수립에 근거자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.183-183
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• 2023

Smart water cities (SWC) are urban municipalities that utilizes modern innovations in managing and preserving the urban water cycle in the city; with the purpose of securing sustainability and improving the quality of life of the urban population. Understanding the different urban water characteristics and management strategies of cities situate a baseline in the development of evaluation scheme in determining whether the city is smart and sustainable. This research herein aims to develop measurements and evaluation for SWC Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), and set up a unified global standard and certification scheme. The assessment for SWC is performed in technical, as well as governance and prospective aspects. KPI measurements under Technical Pillar assess the cities' use of technologies in providing sufficient water supply, monitoring water quality, strengthening disaster resilience, minimizing hazard vulnerability, and maintaining and protecting the urban water ecosystem. Governance and Prospective Pillar on the other hand, evaluates the social, economic and administrative systems set in place to manage the water resources, delivering water services to different levels of society. The performance assessment is composed of a variety of procedures performed in a quantitative and qualitative manner, such as computations through established equations, interviews with authorities in charge, field survey inspections, etc. The developed SWC KPI measurements are used to evaluate the urban water management practices for Busan Eco Delta city, a Semulmeori waterfront area in Gangseo district, Busan. The evaluation and scoring process was presented and established, serving as the basis for the application of the smart water city certification all over the world. The established guideline will be used to analyze future cities, providing integrated and comprehensive information on the status of their urban water cycle, gathering new techniques and proposing solutions for smarter measures.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1707-1711
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• 2009

우리나라는 정치, 경제, 사회, 문화 등 여러 분야에서의 발전과 국민들의 생활수준의 향상으로 최근 들어 물 소비량이 급격히 증가하고 있다. 또한, 수자원 관련 정보에 대한 국민들의 관심이 크게 증가하고 있으며, 이에 따라 국가에서는 수자원 관련 정보제공 창구를 마련하여 다양한 물 관련 정보를 제공하고 있다. 그러나 아직까지 다양한 분석 정보에 대해서는 제공되는 정보 항목이 다양하지 않으며, 이러한 분석 정보에 대한 제공 요구는 증가 추세에 있다고 할 수 있다. 또한 효율적인 수자원 계획을 수립하고 시행하기 위해서는 먼저 지역의 수자원 관련 현황을 분석하여 활용 가능한 수자원의 양을 명확하게 파악하여야 한다. 이와 함께 해당지역의 물 이용량을 파악하고 시간 및 공간에 따른 이용 경향을 분석하여 그 정보를 제공함으로써 보다 효율적인 수자원 계획 수립의 기반이 마련될 수 있다. 한편 수자원 관련 정책 수립 시 의사결정을 지원하기 위해서는 관련 정보를 분석한 후 지표 및 지수화하여 제공할 필요가 있다. 그러나 우리나라에서는 아직까지 수자원 관련 분양에 대한 지표 및 지수가 적극적으로 활용되고 있지는 못한 상황으로 최근 들어 수자원(물이용, 치수 및 하천환경) 분야에서 지표 및 지수를 이용한 관련 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 지역 및 유역의 물이용 관련 현황 자료를 수집하여 분석함으로써 각종 수자원 관련 계획수립 및 정책 수립에 도움을 줄 수 있는 기반정보를 제시하고, 대중에게 정보를 제공하고자 한다. 물이용 특성을 평가할 수 있는 할 수 있는 개별지표를 개발하여 유역별로 분석하여 물이용 관련 현황을 분석하였으며 개별지표를 압력(pressure)-현상(state)-대책(response) 구조체계로 구성하여 중간지표를 분석하였다. 또한 이를 종합하여 유역의 물이용 현황을 파악할 수 있는 지수인 물이용 취약지수(Water use vulnerability index:WUVI)를 개발하여 물이용 관련 정보를 시공간적으로 분석함으로써 정부 및 지자체의 수자원 관련 정책 수립 등 업무 수행을 보다 효과적으로 지원할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.171-171
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• 2020

Decision making strategies should consider both adaptiveness and robustness in order to deal with two main characteristics of climate change: non-stationarity and deep uncertainty. Especially, robust strategies are different from traditional optimal strategies in the sense that they are satisfactory over a wider range of uncertainty and may act as a key when confronting climate change. In this study, a new framework named Robust Stochastic Dynamic Programming (R-SDP) is proposed, which couples previously developed robust optimization (RO) into the objective function and constraint of SDP. Two main approaches of RO, feasibility robustness and solution robustness, are considered in the optimization algorithm and consequently, three models to be tested are developed: conventional-SDP (CSDP), R-SDP-Feasibility (RSDP-F), and R-SDP-Solution (RSDP-S). The developed models were used to derive optimal monthly release rules in a single reservoir, and multiple simulations of the derived monthly policy under inflow scenarios with varying mean and standard deviations are undergone. Simulation results were then evaluated with a wide range of evaluation metrics from reliability, resiliency, vulnerability to additional robustness measures. Evaluation results were finally visualized with advanced visualization tools that are used in multi-objective robust decision making (MORDM) framework. As a result, RSDP-F and RSDP-S models yielded more risk averse, or conservative, results than the CSDP model, and a trade-off relationship between traditional and robustness metrics was discovered.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.43-73
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• 2014

Cities in Korea have rapidly urbanized and they are not well prepared for natural disasters which have been increased by climate change. In particular, they often struggle with urban flooding. Recently, green infrastructure has been emphasized as a critical strategy for flood mitigation in developed countries due to its capability to infiltrate water into the ground, provide the ability to absorb and store rainfall, and contribute to mitigating floods. However, in Korea, green infrastructure planning only focuses on esthetic functions or accessibility, and does not think how other functions such as flood mitigation, can be effectively realized. Based on this, we address this critical gap by suggesting the new green infrastructure planning framework for improving urban water cycle and maximizing flood mitigation capacity. This framework includes flood vulnerability assessment for identifying flood risk area and deciding suitable locations for green infrastructure. We propose the use of the combination of frequency ratio model and GIS for flood vulnerability assessment. The framework also includes the selection process of green infrastructure practices under local conditions such as geography, flood experience and finance. Finally, we applied this planning framework to the case study area, namely YeonJe-gu an Nam-gu in Busan. We expect this framework will be incorporated into green infrastructure spatial planning to provide effective decision making process regarding location and design of green infrastructure.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.346-356
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• 2004

14 Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR) in Korea use a remote monitoring system (RMS), which have been used in Korea since 1998. A Memorandum of Understanding on Remote Monitoring, based on Enhanced Cooperation on PWRs, was signed at the 10th Safeguards Review Meeting in October 2001 between the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Ministry Of Science and Technology (MOST). Thereafter, all PWR power plants applied for remote monitoring systems. However, the existing method is high cost (involving expensive telephone costs). So, it was eventually applied to an Internet system for Remote Monitoring. According to the Internet-based Virtual Private Network (VPN) applied to Remote Monitoring, the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) came to an agreement with the IAEA, using a Member State Support Program (MSSP). Phase I is a Lab test. Phase II is to apply it to a target power plant. Phase III is to apply it to all the power plants. This paper reports on the penetration testing of Phase I. Phase I involved both domestic testing and international testing. The target of the testing consisted of a Surveillance Digital Integrated System (SDIS) Server, IAEA Server and TCNC (Technology Center for Nuclear Control) Server. In each system, Virtual Private Network (VPN) system hardware was installed. The penetration of the three systems and the three VPNs was tested. The domestic test involved two hacking scenarios: hacking from the outside and hacking from the inside. The international test involved one scenario from the outside. The results of tests demonstrated that the VPN hardware provided a good defense against hacking. We verified that there was no invasion of the system (SDIS Server and VPN; TCNC Server and VPN; and IAEA Server and VPN) via penetration testing.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.157-170
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• 2004

The Boundary Region in Gyeonggi Province has environmental vulnerability due to the increasing development pressure although usually regarded as an ecologically well-preserved region. This paper is aimed to analyze the status of environmental loading on natural resources of the Boundary Region in Gyeonggi Province through investigating land-use conversion pattern during the past 15 years(1985-2000), the attitude of the local community towards conservation policy, and the status of environmental treatment facilities for water quality management. The results are as follows. Firstly, the development pressure has been focused upon the southwestern part of the Boundary Region in Gyeonggi Province such as Gimpo, Paju, Dongduocheon, and Yangju since 1995. Secondly, local residents' strong aversion exists towards the conservation policy led by the government because of their underdevelopment. Finally, the risk of environmental degradation is high because the region is not equipped with adequate environmental treatment facilities for water quality management. The status of environmental loading in the Boundary Region suggests the necessity to establish a well-designed management plan for natural resources in this area.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.5B
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• pp.489-499
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• 2006

The Potential Flood Damage (PFD) is widely used for representing the degree of potential of flood damage. However, this cannot be related with the design frequency of river basin and so we have difficulty in the use of water resources field. Therefore, in this study, the concept of Potential Risk for Flood Damage Occurrence (PRFD) was introduced and estimated, which can be related to the design frequency. The PRFD has three important elements of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. The hazard means a probability of occurrence of flood event, the exposure represents the degree that the property is exposed in the flood hazard, and the vulnerability represents the degree of weakness of the measures for flood prevention. Those elements were devided into some sub-elements. The hazard is explained by the frequency based rainfall, the exposure has two sub-elements which are population density and official land price, and the vulnerability has two sub-elements which are undevelopedness index and ability of flood defence. Each sub-elements are estimated and the estimated values are rearranged in the range of 0 to 100. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is also applied to determine weighting coefficients in the equation of PRFD. The PRFD for the Anyang river basin and the design frequency are estimated by using the maximum rainfall. The existing design frequency for Anyang river basin is in the range of 50 to 200. And the design frequency estimation result of PRFD of this study is in the range of 110 to 130. Therefore, the developed method for the estimation of PRFD and the design frequency for the administrative districts are used and the method for the watershed and the river channel are to be applied in the future study.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 2017

Recent studies about irrigation water use have focused on agricultural reservoir operation in irrigation period. At the same time, it is significant to store water resource in reservoir during non-irrigation period in order to secure sufficient water in early growing season. In this study, Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5, 8.5 scenarios with the Global Climate Model (GCM) of The Second Generation Earth System Model (CanESM2) were downscaled with bias correlation method. Cumulative precipitation during non-irrigation season, October to March, was analyzed. Interaction between cumulative precipitation and carry-over storage was analyzed with linear regression model for ten study reservoirs. Using the regression model, reservoir drought response ability was evaluated with expression of excess and deficiency. The results showed that future droughts will be more severe than past droughts. Especially in case of non-exceedance probability of 10%, drought in southern region seemed to be serious. Nine study reservoirs showed deficiency range from 10% to 55%, which turned out to be vulnerable for future drought. Only Jang-Chan reservoir was secure for early growing season in spite of drought with deficiency of 8% and -2%. The results of this study represents current agricultural reservoirs have vulnerability for the upcoming drought.