• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.44-53
• /
• 2012

As SCB liquid fertilizer (SCB) produced from or out of livestock manure by slurry composting and biofiltration process was applied in golf course, the effect on soil properties and water quality was little investigated. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the SCB liquid fertilizer application on environment by monitoring chemical property of soil and water quality of pond as applied chemical fertilizer (CF) and SCB. SCB application rarely contaminated the soil and pond in golf course and decreased organic matter, CEC and Ca in soil and pH and T-N for water quality of pond. In correlation coefficient between soil property parameters, water quality parameters and water quality items, SCB applied in golf course decreased organic matter and CEC in soil and increased SAR in water quality (P<0.01). Nitrogen applied in golf course with SCB or CF was significantly related to T-N in the soil (P<0.01), but not significantly related to T-N in the pond water. These results showed that SCB application little contaminated soil and pond in golf course, and was expected to control of thatch in soil and algae in pond.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study is the prediction of pollutant loads into Seomjin river watershed using neural networks model. The pollutant loads into river watershed depend upon the water quantity of inflow from the upstream as well as the water quality of the inflow into the river. For the estimation of pollutants into river, a neural networks model which has the features of multi-layered structure and parallel multi-connections is used. The used water quality parameters are BOD, COD and SS into Seomjin river. The results of calibration are satisfactory, and proved the availability of a proposed neural networks model to estimate short-term water quality pollutants into river system.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.77-86
• /
• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the stream water quality characteristics in the Dowoncheon basin of Dongjin River during the 12 months from January to December in 2005. Also, pollutant loads were calculated on the basis of the water quality and runoff results. The measured pH and EC of the stream water were ranged 6.48-7.32, $18.06{\sim}38.60{\mu}S/cm$, respectively. The concentration of DO, BOD, COD, SS, T-N and T-P were observed as 4.90-11.50 mg/L, 0.5-6.0 mg/L, 1.22-18.46 mg/L, 1.0-2,124.0 mg/L, 1.35-5.67 mg/L, 0.02-0.43 mg/L respectively. T-N showed low correlativity with other water quality parameters. However, T-P had very high correlativity with COD and SS. In the meantime, the runoff pollutant loads of T-N, T-P were estimated as 72,114 kg/yr, 5,027 kg/yr. In the case of the correlativity between runoff pollutant loads and concentrations, T-N did not show significant relationships, while T-P had significant relationships.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.377-386
• /
• 2010

To identify operating parameters of the up-flow filtering system, which is available to discharge filtering residue after the rain, developed for treatment of urban storm runoff, lab scale test was carried out. Removal efficiency of SS was 68.7%, 62.2%, and 58.6% at the area roading rate of 2.46m/h, 4.68m/h, and 10m/h, respectively, filtering device is desirable to operate at the lower than 4.68m/h of area roading rate to get higher level of 60% SS removal efficiency. The removal efficiency of SS was 57.1% ~ 68.7% at the raw water SS of 100mg/L ~ 600mg/L, and the SS in treated water was maintained at the constant level through the elapsed time. It is indicate that filtering device can guarantee a certain level of effluent water quality at various raw water quality. The removal efficiency of SS to the depth of filter media was 68.3%, 78.6% at the filter depth of 10 cm, 20cm respectively. The final treated water quality was showed 30.2mg/L of CODMn, 1.60mg/L of TN and 0.25mg/L of TP. The average removal efficiencies by filtering device developed in this research were recorded slightly lower levels than other research. The main reason of these results were the first, the filter depth of the media used in this test was shallow, the second, the kind of filter media in discharge port of residue. More research to kind of filter media, filter packing rate, select of media for residue discharge port should be go on to produce optimum operating condition. The result of this study would be valuable for the application of filtration device to control of urban storm water.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.179-194
• /
• 2024

Biophysicochemical processes in water environments and treatment systems have been great concerns of engineers and scientists for controlling the fate and transport of contaminants. These processes are practically formulated as mathematical models written in coupled differential equations. However, because these process-based mathematical models consist of a large number of model parameters, they are complicated in analytical or numerical computation. Users need to perform substantial trials and errors to achieve the best-fit simulation to measurements, relying on arbitrary selection of fitting parameters. Therefore, this study adopted a Bayesian calibration method to estimate best-fit model parameters in a systematic way and evaluated the applicability of the calibration method to biophysicochemical processes of water environments and treatment systems. The Bayesian calibration method was applied to the microbial growth-decay kinetics and flocculation kinetics, of which experimental data were obtained with batch kinetic experiments. The Bayesian calibration method was proven to be a reasonable, effective way for best-fit parameter estimation, demonstrating not only high-quality fitness, but also sensitivity of each parameter and correlation between different parameters. This state-of-the-art method will eventually help scientists and engineers to use complex process-based mathematical models consisting of various biophysicochemical processes.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.37 no.2 s.107
• /
• pp.213-226
• /
• 2004

The present study was conducted to analyze the pattern of eutrophication of Korean reservoir with Chl. a concentration and morpho-physical parameters, and to valuate water quality characteristics of the classified types. The collected data from 486 reservoirs were classified as four types, with the Chl- a concentration (25 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$) and the ratio of water storage/surface area (mean depth, 7.5 m). According to OECD criteria and trophic state index based on Chl-a concentration, 34.3 and 72.8% of selected reservoirs appeared to be eutrophic, respectively. Characteristics of TYPE ll reservoirs generally showed high Chl-a concentration, relatively old age, small DA/LA ratio, short Hydraulic retention time, large paddy field and field to watershed ratio, and high pollutant loading compared to other types of reservoirs. The difference of TP concentration was greater than that of TN concentration in reservoir water among classified four types. Based on TN/TP ratio (by weight), phosphorus was limiting nutrient in all types and more closely related with Chl- a concentration than nitrogen. Significant decrease of Chl- a concentration with increase of TN/TP ratio observed only in reservoirs with Chl-a concentration > 25${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$. Although drainage area is believed to be a factor that is related to the generation load of pollutants in the watershed, it did not show any significant relationship with water quality parameters. Morphometric characteristics such as depth and age of reservoir as well as type of land use patterns in the watershed was among important parameters for the assessment of water quality characteristics in Korean reservoirs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.289-296
• /
• 2017

Pulp and paper industry produces large volumes of wastewater and residual sludge waste, resulting in many issues in relation to wastewater treatment and sludge disposal. Contaminants in pulp and paper wastewater include effluent solids, sediments, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biological oxygen demand (BOD), which should be treated by wastewater treatment processes such as coagulation and biological treatment. However, few works have been attempted to predict the treatment efficiency of pulp and paper wastewater. Accordingly, this study presented empirical models based on experimental data in laboratory-scale coagulation tests and compared them with statistical models such as artificial neural network (ANN). Results showed that the water quality parameters such as turbidity, suspended solids, COD, and UVA can be predicted using either linear or expoential regression models. Nevertheless, the accuracies for turbidity and UVA predictions were relatively lower than those for SS and COD. On the other hand, ANN showed higher accuracies than the emprical models for all water parameters. However, it seems that two kinds of models should be used together to provide more accurate information on the treatment efficiency of pulp and paper wastewater.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.654-660
• /
• 2011

One of the best way to control Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) is proposed to construct first flush storage tank. But there is little known parameters for optimum design of these facilities. This study was conducted to get optimum design parameters for a first flush storage tank construction. The optimization of the tank is generally based upon some measure of SS(Suspended Solid) mass holding efficiency. Water quality deterioration of receiving water body happened right after first time occurring rainfall in dry weather seasons. So, design rainfall intensity is used at 2 mm/hr for peak of monthly average intensities of dry seasons. The capacities for each evaluated catchment are designed from 14.4 min to 16.1 min HRT of CSOs flow at design rainfall intensity. Owing to all storage tanks are connected to interception sewer having a redundancy, the suggested volume could be cut down.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.206-219
• /
• 2020

As urbanization and impermeable areas have increased, stormwater and non-point pollutants entering the stream have increased. Additionally, in the case of the old town comprising a combined sewer pipe system, there is a problem of stream water pollution caused by the combined sewer overflow. To resolve this problem, many cities globally are pursuing an environmentally friendly low impact development strategy that can infiltrate, evaporate, and store rainwater. This study analyzed the expected effects and efficiency when the LID facility was installed as a measure to improve hydrologic cycle and water quality in the Oncheon stream in Busan. The EPA-SWMM, previously calibrated for hydrological and water quality parameters, was used, and standard parameters of the LID facilities supported by the EPA-SWMM were set. Benchmarking the green infrastructure plan in New York City, USA, has created various installation scenarios for the LID facilities in the Oncheon stream drainage area. The installation and maintenance cost of the LID facility for scenarios were estimated, and the effect of each LID facility was analyzed through a long-term EPA-SWMM simulation. Among the applied LID facilities, the infiltration trench showed the best effect, and the bio-retention cell and permeable pavement system followed. Conversely, in terms of cost-efficiency, the permeable pavement systems showed the best efficiency, followed by the infiltration trenches and bio-retention cells.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.380-390
• /
• 2015

In this study, the major 38 tributaries in Nakdong River were monitored for flow rate and water quality in order to understand the characteristics of the watershed and to find improvement plan. The flow rate and water quality for each target tributary were evaluated based on the monitoring data in 2013~2014 using a statistical package SPSS-22.0. In addition, the tributary grouping method was conducted using a $BOD_5$ concentration/flowrate and TP concentration/flowrate monitoring data. The average values of $BOD_5$, $COD_{Mn}$, TP and TOC concentrations in Gumicheon, Gyeonghocheon, Jincheoncheon, Gisegokcheon, Yonghacheon and Yonghocheon located at Nakdong Waegwan and Nakdong Goryung watershed were high and in the grade of III or IV (5~8 mg/L). The Pearson correlation coefficients of TOC with $BOD_5$, $COD_{Mn}$, and TP were greater (r=0.8, p<0.01) than those of the other water quality parameters (12 species). The tributaries with high values of water quality parameters ($BOD_5$ > 3.0 mg/L, TP > 0.1 mg/L) and flowrate (Q > $0.1m^3/sec$) were selected for improving water quality according to the stream grouping method. Five tributaries (Gumicheon, Gisegokcheon, Yonghacheon, Yeongsancheon, Mijeoncheon and Yonghocheon) were classified as Group I, which require polices and plans for water quality improvement.