• 한국공간정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.06a
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• pp.93-105
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• 2000

GIS is a powerful toolbox in managing spatial data associated with attribute data. However GIS is short of spatial analysis function and graphic user interface(GUI) function in dealing with dynamic planning problems. Decision Support Systems(DSS) make up for the shortage of GIS by providing GUI function, modeling function and database function. Spatial Decision Support Systems(SDSS), a new kind of DSS, incorporate display function, basic spatial analysis function and manipulation function of spatial data and attribute data of GIS and GUI function, modeling function and database function of DSS in dealing with spatial planning problems. Planning Support Systems(PSS) add more advanced spatial analysis function and intertemporal function to the functions of SDSS. This study focuses on the modeling of a PSS for capacity expansion of water-distribution network depending upon land use planning by using GIS, value engineering(VE) and life cycle costing(LCC). The PSS shows a guideline about the investment of water-distribution networks related to urban growth management through generating certain numbers of dynamic alternatives to supply the amount of water caused by land use planning.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.411-415
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• 2010

통합수자원관리(Integrated Water Resource Management, 이하 IWRM)는 물관리에 대한 시각을 기존의 지역개발이나 수자원개발이라는 관점에서 생태계 회복 및 종합적인 자원관리라는 관점으로 전환된 개념이다. 통합수자원관리 기법의 적용은 기후변화에 대한 물 안보(Water security) 확보 측면에서도 긍정적인 역할이 기대되고 있다. 국내의 IWRM에 관련한 연구는 수자원의 지속적 확보기술 개발 사업단을 비롯한 다양한 기관과 학술단체에서 지속적인 연구가 이루어져 왔다. 기후변화에 의한 영향과 이에 대한 물 안보 측면에서 정책 및 관리 측면에서의 제도적인 IWRM 도입은 추진전략의 방향설정이 우선되어야 할 것이다. 하지만, 기존의 연구에서는 기술의 적용 및 추진 전략체계 등에 있어 많은 연구가 진행되지 않은 것이 현실이다. 해당 연구는 2009년 세계 물 포럼에서 제시된 유역수준의 통합수자원관리 가이드라인의 체계를 분석하였다. 해당 가이드라인 Part 1의 '원칙'과 Part 2-1의 '통합수자원관리의 조정을 위한 가이드라인'에 대한 분석을 통하여, 유역단위 적용을 위한 기존 관리체계의 개선 및 적용 프로세스, 그리고 관리조직의 구성과 조정 방침에 대한 전반적인 내용을 정리하였다. 해당 결과는 기존 우리나라 물관리체계의 문제점을 바탕으로 적용 프로세스 등과 같은 실제 적용전략의 방향을 제시하는데 활용되었다. 실제 적용 프로세스 도출은 위해 각 국가별 사례의 특징 및 문제점을 각 사례의 비교분석을 통해 수행하였다. 통합수자원관리 방안은 수자원 분야에서의 적응능력을 개선하는 효과를 가진 대안이다. 본 연구의 결과가 통해 앞으로 생산되는 다양한 물관리 기법 및 적용 방안들이 보다 효율적인 IWRM을 실현할 수 있는 자료로서 활용되기를 기대한다.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.245-259
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• 2023

The agricultural reservoir is a critical water supply system in South Korea, providing approximately 60% of the agricultural water demand. However, the reservoir faces several issues that jeopardize its efficient operation and management. To address this issues, we propose a novel deep-learning-based water level recognition model that uses CCTV image data to accurately estimate water levels in agricultural reservoirs. The model consists of three main parts: (1) dataset construction, (2) image segmentation using the U-Net algorithm, and (3) CCTV-based water level recognition using either CNN or ResNet. The model has been applied to two reservoirs G-reservoir and M-reservoir with observed CCTV image and water level time series data. The results show that the performance of the image segmentation model is superior, while the performance of the water level recognition model varies from 50 to 80% depending on water level classification criteria (i.e., classification guideline) and complexity of image data (i.e., variability of the image pixels). The performance of the model can be improved if more numbers of data can be collected.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.86-96
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• 1997

The arrangement of small streams in rural area, in the past times, attached importance to the prevention of flood damage through the straightening and lining of streams. Recently, the way of small stream arrangement is introducing the idea of water friendly environment or friendly space. As a result, there has been much concern with water favorable river management model which may lead to control flood. However, it is very difficult to develop a model applicable to all types of rivers, since each river has different flow velocity, flow amount and unique ecological characteristics. In this study, photo processing technique, one of landscape simulation methods, has been adopted because it helps to visually express and comprehensively evaluate pre and post scenery and easily applicable. Some important guideline and technique for the planning of small stream landscape arrangement are mentioned in this study. The simulation system for acquiring water favorable space and arranging landscapes needs to develop database which can forecast various types of landscape. It may also be used for the bases of planning and designing river environment arrangement. Computer aided image processing system enables to make selective planning in river environment arrangement. It may also enables to develop the methods for river environment development, ecology conservation, and multipurpose space utilization. Moreover, it makes economic river arrangement by applying river environment arrangement methods relevant to geographical characteristics. There are some limitations in this study, such as shortage of exact investigation on the stream direction and velocity in landscape arrangement. Continuous monitoring and research may be required to develop techniques through the application of computer graphics and digital image processing.

• Korean Journal of Hydrosciences
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• v.7
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• pp.37-49
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• 1996

This study aims at suggesting an alternative to improve flood controling capacity according to the cument design criteria for the existing Soyanggang Multi-purpose Dam which was constructed 20 years ago as the largest dam in Korea. The peak inflow of the adopted probable maximum flood (PMF) at the time of construction was 13,500 $m^3$/s. However, the newly estimated peak inflow of the PMF is 18,000 $m^3$/s which is 1.34 times bigger than the original one. This is considered to be due to the accumulation of the reliable flood and storm event records after construction, and due to the increasing tendency of the local flood peaks according to the influence of world-wide weather change. The new estimation of the probable maximum precipitation (PMP) was based on the hydro-meteorological method suggested by the guideline of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The unit hydrograph which was applied for the estimation of PMF was derived through linear programming algorithm by minimizing the sum of absolute deviations of the calculated and recorded flood hydrographs. In order to adopt the newly estimated PMF as a design flood, following four alternatives were compared : (1) allocation of more flood control space by lowering the normal high water level, (2) construction of a new spillway in addition to the existing spillway, (3) construction of a new dam which has relevant flood control storage at the upstream of the Soyanggang dam, (4) raising the existing dam crest. The preliminary evaluation of these alternatives resulted in that the second alternative is most economic and feasible. So as to stably cope with the newly estimated PMF by meeting all the current functions of the multipurpose dam, a detailed study of an additional spillway tunnel has to be followed.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.375-381
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• 2008

Various problems such as durability degradation may happen when extra water is added to concrete. Because of these reasons, the change of water content is managed by using rapid evaluation method of unit water content such as electric capacity method, heat drying method making use of micro wave, unit capacity mass method among various methods. Especially, in Japan, guidance for the change of water content ($\pm$ 10, 15, 20 kg/$m^3$ etc.) were regulated and used. However, it is the real situation that the guidance which were regulated in South Korea evaluate suitability only considering production and measurement error under the circumstances which are not considering the degree of durability degradation. Therefore, this study tries to investigate the influence of addition of extra water in the concrete on the durability degradation of concrete when it was added by artificial manipulation or by management error. From the test results, a guideline of the contents of extra water for the quality control is suggested with the consideration of the degree of durability degradation and the probable error resulted from the addition of extra water. The contents of extra water for tests are set as 0, 15, 25, 35 kg/$m^3$. To examine the durability degradation of concrete, freezing and thawing, carbonation, chloride penetration and compressive strength are tested.

• Journal of odor and indoor environment
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.355-361
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• 2018

Mold grows more easily when humidity is higher in indoor spaces, and as such is found more often on wetted areas in housing such as walls, toilets, kitchens, and poorly managed spaces. However, there have been few studies that have specifically assessed the level of mold in the indoor spaces of water-damaged housing in the Republic of Korea. We investigated the levels of airborne mold according to the characteristics of water damage types and explored the correlation between the distribution of mold genera and the characteristics of households. Samplings were performed from January 2016 to June 2018 in 97 housing units with water leakage or condensation, or a history of flooding, and in 61 general housing units in the metropolitan and Busan area, respectively. Airborne mold was collected on MEA (Malt extract agar) at flow rate of 100 L/min for 1 min. After collection, the samples were incubated at $25^{\circ}C$ for 120 hours. The cultured samples were counted and corrected using a positive hole conversion table. The samples were then analyzed by single colony culture, DNA extraction, gene amplification, and sequencing. By type of housing, concentrations of airborne mold were highest in flooded housing, followed by water-leaked or highly condensed housings, and then general housing. In more than 50% of water-damaged housing, the level of airborne mold exceeded the guideline of Korea's Ministry of Environment ($500CFU/m^3$). Of particular concern was the fact that the I/O ratio of water-damaged housing was greater than 1, which could indicate that mold damage may occur indoors. The distribution patterns of the fungal species were as follows: Penicillium spp., Cladosporium spp. (14%), Aspergillus spp. (13%) and Alternaria spp. (3%), but significant differences of their levels in indoor spaces were not found. Our findings indicate that high levels of mold damage were found in housing with water damage, and Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium brevicompactum were more dominant in housing with high water activity. Comprehensive management of flooded or water-damaged housing is necessary to reduce fungal exposure.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.305-313
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• 2015

After Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in 2011, study and maintenance of monitoring systems have been made at home and abroad. As concerns about radioactive contamination of water have increased in Korea, update of maintenance of managing radioactive materials in water is being made mainly by Ministry of Environment. In this study, we analysed current state of monitoring system modification in Japan, the country directly involved and neighboring country. According to the result, Japan modified the legislations first. Then Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) provides theoretical background of radiological monitoring. And Ministry of the Environment actually watches state of water pollution in public waters and underground water. Finally related agencies like local government are monitoring current state of radioactive contamination in water environment. By region, local monitoring stations share the investigation of the whole country. Also, additional monitoring is running around nuclear facilities. After Fukushima disaster, monitoring for area near Fukushima is added. Among the reference levels, management target value of drinking water and tap water is 10 Bq/kg, and those of public water and underground water are 1 Bq/L. Measuring intervals varied from every hour to once a year, regularly or irregularly depending on the investigation. The main measuring items are air dose rate, gross ${\alpha}$, gross ${\beta}$, ${\gamma}$ radionuclide, Cs-134, Cs-137, Sr-89, Sr-90, I-131, and so on. In comparison, regulations about general public water in Korea need to be modified, while those about area near nuclear facility and drinking water are organized well. In future, therefore, domestic system would be expected to be modified with making reference to the guidelines like WHO's one. As good case of applying international guideline to domestic environment, Japanese system could be a reference when general standard of radioactivity in public water is made in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2015

Increased harmful algal blooms by cyanobacteria are threatening public health and limiting human activities related with freshwater ecosystems. Phosphorus (P) has long been suggested as a critical nutrient for cyanobacterial bloom through field research in Canada during the 1970s, proposing a P-based freshwater management guideline. However, recently, nitrogen (N) has also been highlighted as an impacting nutrient on cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs). Due to the intensive and frequent observation of Microcystis, this kind of paradigm shift from P limitation to season-dependent N or P limitation has an important implication for a dual nutrient management strategy in eutrophic freshwaters. Through recent international researches, general strategies to control CyanoHABs in lakes and reservoirs are as follows: a dual nutrient (N & P) reduction, wastewater collection and treatment, pre-treatment of influent water in buffer zones, dredging of sediment, reduction of residence time, algal collection, and precipitation and flocculation of cyanobacteria. In addition, sustainable and integrative freshwater algae management should be carried out, based on the ecological aspect, because cyanobacteria are not the target organism to be eradicated, but an essential microbial member in the freshwater ecosystem.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.55-66
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• 2018

Early smart-work of company K was a technology-led way of applying ICT such as smart phones and mobile devices to business. After company K perceived the limitations of ICT-driven smart work, it propelled the work-smart, doing a work smart toward the way that human beings become central and a creative organizational culture is engendered. Company K propelled work-smart strategy in eight categories: simplification of data requirements, establishment efficient meeting culture, streamlining reporting and approval process, simplified document creation, overtime decrease, spreading flexible work system, settlement of healing leave, creating work-smart place. Company K set up an organizational culture secretariat dedicated to work-smart promotion and selected task priorities in consideration of urgency and effectiveness. Owing to such efforts, the company K's work-smart index rose sharply to 72 points this year from 56 points in the previous year. At the organizational culture survey, employees responded that organizational culture improved in all area. For a better future, company K analyzed its work-smart outcomes and planned progressively to improve its work-smart efforts based on employees opinions. This case study will serve as a guideline, for companies to make efforts to going forward to today work-smart beyond yesterday smart-work.