• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.361-367
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• 2011

축분 부산물비료에 대한 양분 유출과 유출량 산정을 통하여 축분 부산물비료별 양분유실량을 구명하고 농업환경부하 평가에 기초자료로 제시하고자 경사도에 따른 축분 부산물비료 별 양분유출 시험을 수행하였다. 유실된 토양에서의 T-N 함량은 축분 부산물비료 간에 의한 유출의 차이보다 경사도 (%)에 따른 T-N 유출의 차이가 더욱 큰 것으로 조사되었다. 경사도 5%에서 T-N 유출은 NPK + 계분부산물비료 처리구에서 가장 높은 것으로 나타났으며 경사도 20%와 35%의 경우에도 같은 경향을 나타냈다. 축분 부산물비료에 의한 유출의 차이보다 경사도 (%)에 따른 T-N 유출의 차이가 더욱 큰 것으로 조사되었다. 경사도 5%에서 평균 T-N 유출은 8.37, 경사도 20%와 35%에서는 각각 57.41과 $71.50kg\;ha^{-1}$의 T-N 유출을 나타냈으며 경사도 5%와 20, 35% 간에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 경사도 20%와 35% 간에는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았으나 경사도 (%)에 따라 정의 상관관계를 나타내고 있다. 유효인산 및 치환성 양이온 (Ca, Mg, K, Na)도 경사도에 따라 통계적으로 매우 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 경사도 20% 에서 유거수량에 의한 T-N과 T-P의 유출은 화학비료 (NPK) + 계분 부산물비료가 가장 높았으며 화학비료 (NPK)처리구 가 가장 적은 값을 나타냈다. 경사도 5%에서의 평균 T-N 유출은 11.1, 경사도 20%와 35%에서의 T-N 유출은 29.2, $41.7kg\;ha^{-1}$로 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 경사도 20%에서의 배추의 T-N 함량은 돈분 부산물비료와 계분 부산물비료가 화학비료 (NPK) 처리구와 화학비료 (NPK) + 계분 부산물비료처리구에 비해 유의성 있게 낮게 나타났는데 이는 토양유실로 인한 T-N 유출이 돈분 부산물비료와 계분 부산물비료에서는 높게 나타난 것이 하나의 원인이 될 수 있다고 판단된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.425-431
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• 2014

Most fields in highland areas are covered with rye or hairy vetch for conservation during a fallow. However, using cover crops needs an effort to sow, and this makes top soil more vulnerable to loss due to surface disturbances. The aims of this study were to develop an automatic seeding-regulator device using a low-price, extensive-use GPS sensors and a DC motors and to evaluate a working efficiency of it after adaptation to partial tillage machine for reducing seeding effort. The amount of runoff water and soil loss was evaluated with partial tillage and simultaneous-seeding after harvesting soybean, in 17% slope lysimeters. In results, the seeding amount with the machine speed was stable between $0.5{\sim}0.8m\;s^{-1}$ of working sections. The automatic control device of seeding-rate could be enough to solve the slip problems of power selecting supply system or five four-wheel drive device. In partial tillage and simultaneous seeding, runoff water was 11.6% ($1.8m^3ha^{-1}$) of the scatter-seeding control ($15.5m^3ha^{-1}$) and soil loss was 13.2% ($7kg\;ha^{-1}$) of the scatter-seeding control ($53kg\;ha^{-1}$). These results suggest that partial tillage and simultaneous-seeding methods are very effective in decreasing work effort and soil loss of sloped land.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2001

본 실험은 울산광역시 두동면 봉계리 한우 냉장육의 품질비교를 위해 pH, 색도, 보수력(Water-holding capacity) 드립감량(Drip loss) 가열감량(Cooking loss) 전단력측정(Shear force) 관능검사(Panel test)를 실시하였으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 저장(냉장온도 2$^{\circ}C$)기간에 따른 pH의 변화는 1, 3일과 5, 7일간의 유의적 차이는 있으나 큰 차이는 없었다. 2. 저장기간에 따른 L*, a*, b*값의 유의적 차이는 없었다. 3. 저장기간에 따른 드립감량은 저장기간별로 증가하여 차이가 있었고, 가열 감량은 저장기간에 따른 차이가 없었다. 4. 저장기간에 따른 전단력의 차이는 유의적 차이가 없었다. 5. 관능검사에서 전체적인 선호도는 저장 1일차가 가장 좋았고 그 다음이 3일 차로 나타났으며 3일차와 5, 7일차간의 유의적 차이는 없었다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2002

준설토의 체적변화는 여수토를 통해 물과 함께 빠져나간 토립자의 유실량과 침강되어 새로이 형성된 지반 표면에서의 건조수축과 지반 내에서의 자중압밀에 의한 침하량의 합으로 생각할 수 있다. 그러나 현재까지 체적변화요인과 관련하여 자중압밀과 건조수축에 관한 연구에 비해 토립자의 유실과 관련된 연구는 미미한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 준설토의 체적변화요인 중 여수토를 통해 외부로 유실되는 토량을 보다 명확히 규명하기 위해, 준설작업을 실시하기 전의 원지반과 준설토를 투기하여 조성된 매립 지역에서 각각 채취한 시료에 대한 입도분석결과에 Marsal의 수정파쇄율(일본토질공학회, 1990)을 적용하여 유실율을 평가하는 방법을 적용하였고, 이를 검증하기 위하여 기존의 방법을 이용하여 평가한 유실율과 비교 검토해 보았다. 또한 실내모형시험을 실시하여 현장계측 결과와 비교 검토하였으며 마지막으로 준설토를 단계투기법에 의하여 투기했을때 유실율에 미치는 영향을 실내모형시험을 통하여 확인하였다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.17-31
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• 2000

In order to investigate the effects of emitted-qi therapy(EQT) and cold water therapy(CWT) on the inhibition of the blood loss, the protein loss and the electrolyte loss in burned rats. The white blood cell, hematocrit and hemoglobin values in blood, and the total protein, albumin, globulin, $Na^+,\;Cl^-,\;K^+\;and\;Ca^{2+}$ values in serum were measured. The results were obtained as follows; 1. White blood cell count in blood was significantly increased in CWT group compared with control group. 2. Hematocrit value in bolld was significantly increase in EQT and CWT group compared with control group. 3. Hemoglobin value in blood was significantly increased in CWT group compared with control group. 4. Total protein value in serum was significantly increased in CWT group compared with control group. 5. Albumin value in serum was significantly increased in EQT and CWT group compared with control group. 6. Globulin value in serum tended to be increase in EQT and CWT group compared with control group, but it was not significant. 7. A/G ratio in serum was significantly increased in EQT and CWT group compared with contort group. 8. $Na^+$, value in serum was significantly increased in EQT and CWT group compared with ontrol group. 9. $K^+$, value in serum tended to be increased in EQT group compared with control group, but it was not significant. 10. $Cl^-$ value in serum was significantly increased in EQT and CWT group compared with control group. 11. $Ca^{2+}$ value in serum tended to be increased in EQT and CWT compared with control group, but it was not significant. According to the above results, the EQT and CWT inhibited the blood loss, the protein loss and the electrolyte loss. Therefore, it is considered that the EQT and CWT can be applied to the burn therapy.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제58권7호
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• pp.27.1-27.8
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• 2016

Background: Studies on prevalence of pale, soft, exudative (PSE) condition in Sri Lankan poultry industry is minimal. Hence, the objective of present study was to determine the incidence of PSE chicken meat in a commercial meat processing plant and to find out its consequences on meat quality traits of roasted chicken breast. Method: A total of 60 breast fillets were randomly selected, evaluated based on color L* value, and placed into 1 of 2 categories; PSE (L* > 58) or normal meat ($L*{\leq}58$). A total of 20 breast fillets (10 PSE and 10 normal) were then analyzed for color, pH, and water holding capacity (WHC). After processing those into roasted chicken breast, cooking loss, color, pH, WHC, and texture values were evaluated. A sensory evaluation was conducted using 30 untrained panelists. Results: The incidence of PSE meat was 70 % in the present experiment. PSE fillets were significantly lighter and had lower pH values compared with normal fillets. Correlation between the lightness and pH was negative (P < 0.05). Although there was no significant difference in color, texture, and WHC values between the 2 groups after processing into roasted chicken breast (P > 0.05), an approximately 3 % higher cooking loss was observed in PSE group compared to its counterpart (P < 0.05). Moreover, cooking loss and lightness values showed a significant positive correlation. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in sensory parameters between the 2 products (P > 0.05). Conclusions: These results indicated that an economical loss can be expected due to the significantly higher cooking loss observed in roasted breast processed from PSE meat.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 1973

$Na^{+}$ balance was studied in Rana temporaria, which hibenates in fresh water in the winter time. $Na^{+}$ uptake rate, skin $Na^{+}$ loss rate, urinary $Na^{+}$ loss rate and $Na^{+}-K^{+}$ adenosine triphosphatase(ATPase) were measured at two different temperatures $1{\sim}2^{\circ}C\;and\;20{\sim}24^{\circ}C$ respectively. The results obtained were as follows: 1. $Na^{+}$ uptake rates in the frog in an artificial Pond water (APW) were found to be $8.28{\pm}0.73\;and\;2.19{\pm}0.37\;{\mu}Eq/g/day\;at\;20{\sim}24^{\circ}C\;and\;1.0{\sim}2.5^{\circ}$ respectively. 2. $Na^{+}$ loss rate through the frog skin to APW were found to be $4.26{\pm}0.72\;and\;0.93{\pm}0.21\;{\mu}Eq/g/day$ at the same temperatures. 3. Mean rates of urinary $Na^{+}$ loss at $20{\sim}24^{\circ}C\;and\;3{\sim}4^{\circ}C$ were found to be $3.02{\pm}0.73\;and\;0.78{\pm}0.13\;{\mu}Eq/g/day$ respectively. 4. The activities of $Na^{+}-K^{+}$ activated ATPase of frog skin fragments were found to be $258{\pm}39.4\;and\;49.6{\pm}7.1\;{\mu}M\;Pi/g$ protein/hr at $24^{\circ}C\;and\;2^{\circ}C$ respectively. From the above results, it may be concluded that frogs can take up enough $Na^{+}$ through the skin from APW exceeding skin loss Plus urinary loss at $1{\sim}2^{\circ}C$. It is suggested that $Na^{+}$ transport across frog skin is closely related with $Na^+-K^+$ ATPase since $Q_{10}\;of\;Na^{+}$ uptake is much similar to that of the activities of $Na^{+}-K^{+}$ ATPase.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

최근 수정범용토양유실공식을 활용한 토양침식 연구가 활발히 진행중에 있으나, 실측자료와의 비교가 어렵기 때문에 계산된 결과를 정량적으로 검증하지는 못하였다. 본 연구에서는 RUSLE 모형을 구성하고 있는 인자들을 GIS 격자분석기법으로 분석하였으며, 특히 1:250,000 개략토양도를 주로 활용하였던 기존의 연구와 달리 1:25,000 정밀토양도를 활용한 토양침식인자를 제시하였다. 그리고 RUSLE 모형으로 계산한 토양침식량의 검증을 위해 보성강 유역의 비퇴사량 실측자료를 이용하였으며, 토양도의 축척을 고려한 결과 1:25,000 개략토양도의 경우는 120m의 해상도가 적합한 것으로 평가되었고 1:25,000 정밀토양도를 고려한 경우는 150m 해상도가 적합한 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2018

In a previous study, the feasibility of four materials (bentonite, steelmaking slag, lime and organic compost) to induce soil aggregate formation was assessed and the mixtures of organic compost and lime were chosen as most effective amendments in terms of cost benefit. This work is a subsequent study to evaluate the effectiveness of those amendments in reducing soil loss in $15^{\circ}$ sloped agricultural area by using rainfall simulation test. Three different soils were treated with two conditions of organic compost/lime mixtures (2% + 2%, 3% + 1%, w/w). In the amended soils, soil fertility was increased due to the increase of CEC, T-N, and T-P. During the rainfall simulation, suspended solid in run-off water from amended soil were reduced by 43% ~ 78%. When the content of organic compost was higher than that of lime, reduction of soil loss was also increased by 67% ~ 78%. Sediment discharge was also decreased by 72% ~ 96% in the amended soil. Similar to the suspended solid analysis, higher organic compost content led to more reduction of soil discharging, which implies organic compost is more effective than lime in reducing soil loss. The overall result suggests that the mixtures of organic compost and lime could be used as amendment materials to reduce soil loss in sloped farmland.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.87-102
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• 2024

This study aims to compare the chemical composition, quality, and muscle fiber characteristics of cull sows and commercial pigs, investigating the effect of changes in muscle fiber characteristics on pork quality. The proximate composition, color, pH, water-holding capacity (drip loss and cooking loss), protein solubility, total collagen content, and muscle fiber characteristics of cull sows (n=20) and commercial pigs (n=20) pork were compared. No significant differences were found between cull sows and commercial pigs in terms of proximate composition, drip loss, protein solubility, or total collagen content of their meat (p<0.05). However, cull sow pork exhibited a red color and a higher pH (p<0.05). This appears to be the result of changes in muscle fiber number and area composition (p<0.05). Cull sow meat also displayed better water-holding capacity as evident in a smaller cooking loss (p<0.05), which may be related to an increase in muscle fiber cross-sectional area (p<0.05). In conclusion, muscle fiber composition influences the pork quality; cull sow pork retains more moisture when cooked, resulting in minimal physical loss during processing and can offer more processing suitability.