• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2019.05a
• /
• pp.176-176
• /
• 2019

Thailand had issued a national strategic development master plan with issues related to water resources and water security in the entire water management. Water resources are an important factor of living and development of the country's socio-economy to be stable, prosperous and sustainable. Therefore, water management in both multidimensional and multi-sectoral systems is important and will supports socio-economic and environmental development. The direction of national development in accordance with the national strategic framework for 20 years that requires the country to level up security level in terms of water, energy and food. To response to the proposed goals, there is a subplan to increase water productivity of the entire water system for economical development use by evaluating use value and to create more value added from water use to meet international standard level. This study aims to evaluate the water productivity of Thailand in each basin and all sectors such as agricultural sector, service and industrial sectors by using the water use data from water account analysis and GDP data from NESDB during the past 10 years (1996-2015). The comparison of water productivity with other countries will also be conducted and in addition, the measures to improve water productivity in next 20 years will be explored to response to the National Strategic Master Plan goals. Water productivity is defined as output per unit of water depleted. The simplest way to compare water productivity across different enterprises is in monetary terms. World Bank presents water productivity as an indication of the efficiency by which each country uses its water resources. There are two data sets used for water productivity analyses, i.e., the first is water use data at end users and the second is Gross Domestic Product. The water use at end users are estimated by water account method based on the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting for Water (SEEA-Water) concept of United Nations. The water account shows the analyses of the water balance between the use and supply of each water resource in physical terms. The water supply and use linkage in the water account analyses separated into each phases, i.e., water sources, water managers, water service providers, water user at end user under water regulators of all kinds of water use activities such as household, industrial, agricultural, tourism, hydropower, and ecological conservation uses. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP), a well- known measuring method of the national economic growth is not actually a comprehensive approach to describe all aspects of national economic status, since GDP does not take into account the costs of the negative impacts to natural resources that result from the overexploitation of development projects, however, at present, integrating the environment with the economy of a country to measure its economic growth with GDP is acceptable worldwide. The study results will show the water use at each basin, use types at end users, water productivity in each sector from 1996-2015 compared with other countries, Besides the productivity improvement measures will be explored and proposed for the National Strategic Master Plan.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.48 no.5
• /
• pp.477-484
• /
• 2015

Environmental effect of water-saving irrigation on the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) has not been well investigated. The objective of this study was to measure the effect of water-saving irrigation on GHGs as well as water use and rice production yield in paddy field condition in Korea. Four experimental runoff plots of 4x35 m in size were prepared at an existing paddy field. GHGs emission was measured during the 2012~2013 growing seasons while a Japonica rice variety was cultivated. Four different water management methods, 1) Continuous Flooding (CF), 2) Intermittent Drainage (ID), 3) Water Saving (WS), and 4) CF+WS, were used during a rice growing season to compare the effects of water management methods on GHGs emission. CF method is flooding all the time, ID method makes paddy water drained 40 days after transplanting for about two weeks, WS method maintains 2~3 cm water-level, which should be refilled when the water-level decreased to about 0 cm, and CF+WS method combines CF method before 30 days after transplanting (DAT) and WS method after 30 DAT. Regardless of water management methods, paddy field water was drained about 30 days before harvest. Amount of GHGs emission from WS plot was reduced by 69.3% compared to that from CF plot and by 59.0% compared to that from ID plot. Amount of GHGs emission from CF+WS plot was reduced by 60.7% compared to that from CF plot and by 47.5% compared to that from ID plot. Weed occurrence in CF+WS plots was reduced to 62.2% in comparison with the WS plot, implying that CF+WS plot showed the best effect to mitigation of the greenhouse gas emission in the atmosphere.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.337-348
• /
• 2011

We examined temporal variations in and relationships among groundwater level, groundwater temperature, and electric conductivity, and estimated groundwater recharge at Jeju Island. The time lag and regulation time of groundwater level data revealed that monitoring well in Ansung (JM-AS) has the highest auto-correlation. The cross-correlations for electric conductivity-water level, precipitation-water level, and air temperature-water temperature revealed that monitoring well in Seogwi-2 (JR-SG2) (electric conductivity-water level), monitoring well in Hamo (JD-HM) (precipitation-water level), and monitoring well in Wonjongjang-2 (JT-WJJ2) (air temperature-water temperature) had the highest cross-correlations. The average groundwater recharge ratio was 39.61%, and the average groundwater recharge amount was 1,153,490,407 $m^3/yr$, which is consistent with the results of previous studies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
• /
• 2002.10a
• /
• pp.17-20
• /
• 2002

Hasa TM/TC system is composed of one control center, two reservoirs, six pumping stations and twelve canal systems. For this system we developed water management program which includes flood forecast program, drought reduction program, irrigation scheduling program and database program. With these program we expect that operators can improve the irrigation efficiencies of the irrigation systems due to the timely irrigation on a right place, in a proper quantity and reduce the cost of maintenance and reduce flood and drought damages of the Hasa district. In agricultural engineering respect, the databases including water level, rainfall, the amount of flowing can be useful to the researcher who make a study of hydrology and hydraulics in rural area. Water management program records all of the TM/TC data to MOB format file per 10 minutes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
• /
• 2001.10a
• /
• pp.69-73
• /
• 2001

At this project we developed water management program for sungju district. This program include flood forecast program, drought reduction program, irrigation scheduling program and database program. With these program we expect that operator can improve the irrigation efficiencies of the irrigation systems due to the timely irrigation on a right place, in a proper quantity and reduce the cost of maintenance. In agricultural engineering respect, the databases including water level, rainfall, the amount of flowing can be useful to the researcher who make a study of hydrology and hydraulics in rural area, Water management program record all of the TM/TC data to MDB format file per 10 minutes.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.229-237
• /
• 2007

To solve of complex problems for access and management data stored in the very large spatial database system that need to constructed metadata for the physical and logical elements concerned with spatial and non-spatial data sets. Also, in the underground water management system which managed with spatial and non-spatial elements, need to spatial features metadata system based on feature-based. We, in this paper, proposed metadata model for the feature-based underground water management system using underground water meta-information inputted on the DXF formatted tile-based geological maps. Additional, we modeled metadata level of feature and data set and presented standard specification of underground water metadata.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.61-76
• /
• 2011

This study was objected to provide suggestions for best management practices to restore the cultural and historical values of the wells in Palaces as well as their water qualities. Water resources in the five Palaces in Seoul Metropolitan, including Gyeongbokgung, Changdeokgung, Changgyeonggung, Jongmyo Shrine, and Deoksugung, were surveyed for their physical flows and chemical compositions from April to July in 2010. Ground waters in most wells were found at depths within 5 m from the ground surface, showing typical water-table aquifer systems. Hydraulic gradients indicate water resources in Gyeongbokgung, Changdeokgung, and Changgyeonggung flowing toward south, and toward east in Deoksugung area. Especially, water-level fluctuation data at S-10 in Deoksugung implied the influence of groundwater discharge facility. In Jongmyo Shrine, water was not detected in wells, indicating the water level was lower than the well depth. Based on the water chemistry and stable isotope analyses, water resources and their qualities appeared to be formed by the water-rock interaction along the groundwater paths. S-10 (Deoksugung) and S-14 (Changgyeonggung) samples were contaminated with nitrate ($NO_3$) in levels of higher than Korean drinking water standard, 10 mg/L as $NO_3$-N, but once in four sampling campaigns. In the situation that water resources in Palaces still maintain natural characteristics, the materials that will be used for the restoration and improvement of the Palace water supplies should be carefully selected not to disturb the natural integrity. In addition, because the wells are located in the center of metropolitan area, a systematic monitoring should be applied to detect and to manage the potential impacts of underground construction and various pollution sources.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.181-192
• /
• 2009

In this study, the hydrological properties of permeable pavement were analyzed by the experiment and the numerical simulation. The numerical model used was a modified SWMM especially for considering the hydrological response of permeable pavement. The parameters of modified SWMM were revised by the experimental results, and then the practicability was evaluated through the comparison of the experimental and numerical simulation results. In the experiments, three different rainfall intensities such as 65 mm/hr, 90 mm/hr, 95 mm/hr were supplied for 4 hrs, and the hydraulic properties including surface outflow, subsurface outflow, ground water level, soil water contents were measured for 10 hrs. The results showed rainfall intensity effected directly on surface outflow volume and subsurface outflow volume was more effected by ground water level than rainfall intensity. The ground water level and the soil water contents were under estimated as compared with the experimental data except the portion of occurring direct runoff. The surface and subsurface outflow discharge were simulated very well in comparison with the experimental data. Consequently, the modified SWMM could be used very effectively to evaluate the hydrological property of permeable pavement.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.290-298
• /
• 2013

A Saemangeum Development Project, which is a national project in South Korea, has started with the objective of developing the reclaimed area mainly agricultural land use since the mid'80s. To develop a model of the global eco-reclamation, constructions of the eco-friendly counter facilities such as sluice gates and inner dikes, as well as environmental preservation measures for an estuary reservoir, have been carried out. However, reasonable measures of the water quality management for the Saemangeum area are required. Thus, the purpose of this study is to rigorously analyze and quantitatively evaluate the environmental problems due to the water level management associated with inner dike constructions. To achieve these objectives, the affecting factors on determination of water level management are described and a series of calibrated transient-state numerical simulations was performed to demonstrate the salinity distribution difference in the estuary before and after the construction of inner dikes. The overall salinity reduced about 2~5 psu, and the seawater intrusion was weakened by a well-regulated waterway after construction of the inner dikes compared to before construction of them.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.61-80
• /
• 2011

Through concentrated investments in environmental regulations centered around BOD, which is a biodegradable matter index, and basic environmental infrastructures, national BOD pollution level has continuously improved. Nonetheless, limitations of BOD management system has become evident through nation-wide stagnation and/or increases of refractory organic matters, such as COD, at main drinking water sources, and the need for a new index, which can easily indicate different environmental conditions, has increased. Therefore, this study suggests a new organic management index for a proper management of surface water. $COD_{Cr}$ and TOC were examined as candidates for surface water quality management index, and it was found that TOC was more appropriate than $COD_{Cr}$ as an organic matter management index. Through this study, it was found that TOC possesses following qualities: a more representative index; international acceptability; monitoring program is easier; better availability of analysis techniques; better accuracy and precision of analysis; less time required for analysis; ease of operation; management of disinfection byproducts; connection with present policies; existence of foreign and domestic application case studies; and correlation with water ecosystem.