• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.65-74
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to develop the stochastic stream water quality model for the intake station of Chung-Ju city waterworks in the Han river system. This model was based on the theory of Box-Jenkins Multiplicative ARIMA(SARIMA) and the state space model to simulate changes of water qualities. Variable of water qualities included in the model are temperature and dissolved oxygen(DO). The models development were based on the data obtained from Jan. 1990 to Dec. 1997 and followed the typical procedures of the Box-Jenkins method including identification and estimation. The seasonality of DO and temperature data to formulate for the SARIMA model are conspicuous and the period of revolution was twelve months. Both models had seasonality of twelve months and were formulates as SARIMA {TEX}$(2,1,1)(1,1,1)_{12}${/TEX} for DO and temperature. The models were validated by testing normality and independency of the residuals. The prediction ability of SARIMA model and state space model were tested using the data collected from Jan. 1998 to Oct. 1999. There were good agreements between the model predictions and the field measurements. The performance of the SARIMA model and state space model were examined through comparisons between the historical and generated monthly dissolved oxygen series. The result reveal that the state space model lead to the improved accuracy.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2001

The Keum river has been utilized for drinking water supply of several city including Kunsan city and is deepening pollution state due to numerous municipal and industrial discharges. The concentration BOD in river is affected by the organic loading from a tributary and the algae biomass that largely happen to under eutrophication state. In the eutrophic water mass such as the Keum river, the autochthonous BOD was very important part for making a decision of water quality management, because it was accounted for majority of the total BOD. The predict of water quality has important meaning for management of water quality pollution of the Keum river. The purpose of this study will manage and predict water quality of the Keum river using QUAL-2E model considering the autochthonous BOD. The estimation of autochthonous BOD represented that the relationship between BOD and chlorophyll a. The regression equation was shown to be autochthonous BOD=$\beta$(sub)5$\times$chlorophyll a. The results of this study may be summarized as followed; The QUAL-2E model was calibrated with the data surveyed in the field of the study area in June, 1998. The calculated value by QUAL-2E model are in good agree to measured value within relative error of 7.80~20.33%. Especially, in the case of the considering autochthonous BOD, the calculated value of BOD were fairly good coincided with the observed values within relative error of 15%. But the case of not considering autochthonous BOD, relative error of BOD was shown to be 43.2%. In order to attain II grade of water quality standard in Puyo station which has a intake facility of water supply, we reduced to the pollutants loading of tributaries. In the case of removed 100% BOD of tributaries, the BOD of Puyo station was 4.07mg/$\ell$, belong to III grade of water quality standard. But in the case of removed 88% nutrient of tributaries, it was satisfied to II grade of water quality standard as below 3mg/$\ell$ of BOD. For estimation of autochthonous BOD in Keum river, we are performed simulating in accordance with reduction of nutrient load(50~100%) under conditions removal 90% organic load. Occupancy of autochthonous BOD according to nutrient loading reductions were varied from 25.97~79.51%. Occupancy of autochthonous BOD was shown to be a tendency to increasing in accordance with reduction of nutrient loading. Showing the above results, the nutrient that one of the growing factor of algae was important role in decision of BOD in the Keum river. For the water quality management of the Keum river, therefore, it is necessary to considering autochthonous BOD and to construction of advanced sewage treatment plant for nutrient removal.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.83-96
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• 2019

In order to properly manage the river water use, it is necessary to collect reliable data of river water use. However, It is not easy to get credible river water use data in Korea because there are some difficultites in reporting and measuring river water use data. Thus, Han River Flood Control Office has installed and operated measuring facility using V-ADCP on the EOUBO intake open channel in the Gosan-Bongdong station section of the Mankyung river, where the use of agricultural water is large. In this study, the applicability of the V-ADCP velocity profile method was evaluated for real-time river water use. For this reason, the parameter sensitivity of Chiu's 2D velocity distribution equation was analyzed and the optimal parameters based on actual discharge data were calculated. In addition, the characteristics of the velocity profile method were analyzed by comparative evaluation of the rating curve method and the index velocity method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.177-185
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• 2018

There is a need to study dust separator screens with good drainage efficiency while effectively filtering suspended solids and other contaminants entering the intake pumping station, the drainage pumping station and the mediation pumping station, the cooling water inlet of the power plant, and the like. In this paper, Numerical studies were conducted for the optimal design of the dust separator screen using the Coanda effect. The shape of the dust separator screen is important, such as the right curvature radius $R_1$ at the top of the dust separator screen and the left curvature radius $R_2$ at the top, h is the height difference and shape between the screen and the accelerating plate, and ${\theta}$ is the inclination angle of the screen. A total of 4 shape factors were set and the effects of Coanda and drainage performance of each element were compared and analyzed, the optimum length and size of each shape element were derived by classifying the shape elements into direct and indirect influences. Finally, it was possible to effectively filter foreign matter by narrowing the screen spacing, and the drainage performance was analyzed and optimized through numerical studies of dust separator screen.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.455-462
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• 2003

A study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding a diet containing no Ca supplement (limestone) during the late finishing period on growth, marbling and serum 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin $D_3$ level in Korean native cattle. Twenty-four steers (20${\sim}$24 mo of age) were divided into two groups of 12 each: one group assigned to a control diet (concentrates containing 2.5% limestone) and the other to a diet containing no calcium supplement. They were allowed to have free access to diets (concentrates and orchard grass hay) and water during the entire feeding period (223 d). Serum $Ca^{2+}$, Ca and P concentrations were not influenced by diets, but serum 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin $D_3$ concentrations determined 2 or 6 mo after the beginning of feeding the experimental diets were higher (P<0.01) in steers fed the diet without Ca supplement than in those fed the control diet (78.3 vs 51.7 and 80.3 vs 51.1 pg/mL, respectively). Steers fed the diet without Ca supplement tended to have a higher intake of concentrates, but a lower intake of hay, compared to those fed the control diet. Average daily gain was higher (P<0.05) in steers fed the diet without Ca supplement than in those fed the control diet. Feeding the diet without Ca supplement remarkably (P<0.01) increased the marbling score (5.1 vs 2.2) and the muscle (M. longissimus dorsi) fat content (10.2 vs 6.7%) with a concomitant decrease in moisture content (67.6 vs 70.4%), compared to feeding the control diet. Ribeye area was increased (77.2 vs 82.8 $cm^2$) with the diet without Ca supplement, compared to the control diet (P<0.05). Meat color, pH and water-holding capacity in longissimus muscle were not different between the two groups. The Warner-Brazler Shear (WBS) force of the longissimus muscle was slightly (P=0.08) lower in steers fed the diet without Ca supplement than in steers fed the control diet (2.9 vs 3.2 kg/1.27-cm diameter core). Sensory evaluation showed that feeding the diet without Ca supplement slightly (P<0.05) improved tenderness (4.9 vs 4.5) and flavor (4.9 vs 4.6), compared to feeding the control diet, but juiciness was not affected by diets. Results showed that deletion of Ca supplement from finishing diets is beneficial, increasing growth and marbling partly through an increased energy intake and induced 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin $D_3$ synthesis that may increase intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration and in turn fat synthesis.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.155-155
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• 2023

국내 이상기후로 인해 여름철 하천과 호소에서 빈번하게 발생되는 조류의 과대성장이 매년 문제가 되고 있다. 하천 조류는 일차생산자로서 매우 중요한 역할을 하지만, 하천조류 중 유해남조류가 생장하면서 발생하는 악취 유발 물질과 독성물질의 배출로 문제를 야기하고 있다. 국내에서는 조류경보제와 수질예보제를 시행하여 국민의 안전을 도모하기 위해 최선을 다하고 있으며, 발령 기준은 유해남조류세포수에 따라 발령이 되기 때문에 유해남조류 측정은 매우 중요하다. 현재 조류의 분석방법은 현장에서 조류샘플을 채취하고 실험실에서 현미경을 통해 조류샘플을 검경하고 녹조류, 남조류, 규조류의 세포수 또는 우점종을 산정한다. 조류검경은 개인의 역량에 따라 오차가 생길수 있고 시간이 많이 소요된다. 최근 많은 연구자들이 이런 문제를 해결하기 위해 인공위성, 광학영상, 초분광영상 등을 통해 녹조류와 남조류 대체 인자인 Chlorophyll, Phycocyanin을 통해 조류농도를 추정하고 있으나, 조류세포수 분석에 대한 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 매년 조류 발생으로 문제가 되는 물금취수장 인근 하천에서 발생한 조류를 채취하고 조류검경을 통해 얻은 남조류세포수와, LISST-HAB를 통해 얻은 Phycocyanin농도, 초분광영상을 활용한 조류스펙트럼 데이터를 통해 남조류세포수 추정하고 남조류세포수와 비교분석을 진행하였다. 본 연구를 통해 조류측정 원격탐사 연구의 기초자료로 제공하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.344-344
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• 2021

세계적으로 기후변화 현상으로 인해 극심한 이상 가뭄이 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 물 공급 소외지역의 경우 가뭄으로 인해 주민들이 불편을 겪고 있으며, 특히 마을상수도 및 소규모수도시설에 의존하는 최상류부 유역의 취수원은 상대적으로 가뭄에 취약하다. 본 연구의 대상 지역은 강원도 춘천시 물로천의 제1지류 유역으로 주민들이 하천 계곡수를 생활용수의 주 공급원으로 사용하고 있다. 해당지역은 갈수기에 생활용수 부족 문제를 겪고 있는 지역으로 가뭄 대응을 위한 구조적 대책으로 다단식 Sand댐을 설치할 예정이다. 현장조사 결과 물로천의 물은 취수조로 일부 유입되며, 자갈 등을 이용하여 부유물 등이 필터링되어 물탱크로 흘러내리며 중력에 의해 각 가정으로 자연 유하하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 대상지역의 하천, 취수조, 물탱크 3개 지점에 압력식 자동 수위 관측기를 설치하였으며, 2시간 간격의 수위를 측정할 수 있도록 설정하여 매달 유속 측정을 통해 수위-유량 관계 곡선식을 바탕으로 유량을 산정하였다. 도출된 일별 유량 자료와 SWAT 모형의 매개변수 검·보정한 후 이를 장기간으로 확장 적용하여 약 10년간의 장기 유출량을 산정하였다. 일별 장기 유출량 자료를 통해 평균 유량 감수곡선과 감수곡선식을 도출하였고, 무강우에 따른 최대 공급가능일수를 산정하였다. 본 연구에서는 하천-취수원 연계 모니터링 및 하천 유량에 따른 공급가능일수 등을 제시하여 가뭄 취약지역의 주민 불편을 최소화하고 가뭄에 대응할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 최종적으로 추후 Sand댐 건설 전후 비교 자료로 사용될 수 있으며, 소규모수도시설의 가뭄 관리를 위한 모니터링 체계 및 대응 방안을 구축하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze a term of decade of water quality data of the Mulgum intake station on the Nakdong river(dam) to find the cause of algal blooms and to set an alternative to prevent artificial lake water pollution. Our study shows that water quality changes have regular periodic regularity and there was a certain correlation between specific analytical items. According to the analysis results of each factor, the decline in precipitation was not the main reason for algal blooms. TP concentration had a slight effect on Chl-a concentration but was not a limiting nutrient of a bloom. TN concentration had a strong correlation with Chl-a and strongly negative correlation with temperature, but was not a bloom's limiting nutrient, and was only a dependent variable. As the temperature was negatively correlated with the Chl-a concentration, it is found that the aspect of the ecological influence of the temperature was the most important factor of the phytoplankton concentration change. The N/P ratio lies under a power function with a high degree of reliability by the TP concentration, and the phenomenon appeared to be the same as the results of two other comparative areas. This result confirms that TN is dependent on TP and the biota in the lake that TN is a dependent variable whose concentration is determined by TP it. In conclusion, the increase in lake bloom is the result of a food chain change, and it is necessary to control the ecosystem by the food chain in the lake in order to reduce the lake's bloom. In particular, it is important to keep the benthic ecosystem as wide as possible in the aerobic state.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 2013

In this study, tests were conducted to establish a fire engine of relay waterproof and utilization in order to maintain the pressure in a situation that require high-pressure water-resistant such as a high-rise building fire, etc. As a result of test on the change of a relay waterproof pressure, the measurement result with the hydrant intake of a fire engine opened has reduced approximately 20 % compared to the measurement result with the hydrant intake closed. Similar efficiency showed in the test result that change the pressure of 2 fire engines respectively to use them more efficiently at a fire fighting activity site. A fire engine operation and utilization is proposed based on this study result in order to cope effectively with a fire site requiring high-pressure stream in a high-rise building fire, etc. by using a fire engine held at present because there is no fire pump with high-pressure stream ability arranged at the fire station and there is no regulation on high-pressure fire-fighting pumps in a type approval and verification technology criterion for a fire engine.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

A correlation analysis between raw water turbidity at two wide-area water treatment plants and hydrological data was conducted for efficient water supply, design and management of water treatment plant. Both correlation analysis and principal component analysis were conducted using hydrological time series data such as inflow discharge, outflow discharge, and rainfall at dam basin of intake station of wide-area water treatment plants. And, forecasting of change in turbidity was conducted using regression equation for turbidity prediction. The raw water turbidity of two water treatment plants was strongly related to time series of discharge. The raw water turbidity of Chungju water treatment plant is strongly related to outflow discharge at Chungju dam (0.708). Whereas, the raw water turbidity of Wabu water treatment plant is strongly related to inflow discharge at Paldang dam (0.805). Similar trends between turbidity forecasting result using regression equation and calculation result using estimation equation on Korea water supply facilities standard were obtained. The result of this study can provide basic data for construction and management of water treatment plant.