• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.266-274
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• 1997

To understand seawater exchange are important to analyze the formation of watermass, material circulation and transfer of pollutant material etc. The purpose of this study is to review the previous studies and to propose new exchange ratio. where,$C_1$ ; average salinity of the water at low water$C_2$ ; average salinity of the water at the next low water$C_0$ ; average salinity of the water passing the bay mouth on the flood tide$V_2$ ; total water volume of the bay on the low water$V_0$ ; the volume of the remaining outer bay water entering during the flood tideSeawater exchange ratio of Dongho Bay calculated by new method are 26.1%, 23.8% respectevely.The average fresh water residence ratio calculated by equation (12) is 2.2 days, that is corresponding 23.5 % of exchange ratio. Thus, it appears similar result as proposed exchange ratio.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.283-291
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• 2018

Cracks in soil provide significant preferential pathways for contaminant transport and rainfall infiltration. Water exchange between the soil matrix and crack is crucial to characterize the preferential flow, which is often quantitatively described by a water exchange ratio. The water exchange ratio is defined as the amount of water flowing from the crack into the clay matrix per unit time. Most of the previous studies on the water exchange ratio mainly focused on cracked sandy soils. The water exchange between cracks and clay matrix were rarely studied mainly due to two reasons: (1) Cracks open upon drying and close upon wetting. The deformable cracks lead to a dynamic change in the water exchange ratio. (2) The aperture of desiccation crack in clay is narrow (generally 0.5 mm to 5 mm) which is difficult to model in experiments. This study will investigate the water exchange between a deformable crack and the clay matrix using a newly developed experimental apparatus. An artificial crack with small aperture was first fabricated in clay without disturbing the clay matrix. Water content sensors and suction sensors were instrumented at different places of the cracked clay to monitor the water content and suction changes. Results showed that the water exchange ratio was relatively large at the initial stage and decreased with the increasing water content in clay matrix. The water exchange ratio increased with increasing crack apertures and approached the largest value when the clay was compacted at the water content to the optimal water content. The effective hydraulic conductivity of the crack-clay matrix interface was about one order of magnitude larger than that of saturated soil matrix.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2021

In biofloc culture for olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, the possibility of antibiotics treatment was investigated against edwardsiellosis. After inducing edwardsiellosis by immersion in Edwardsiella tarda 1.2 × 10⁵/mL suspension, the survival trends on various biofloc water management and some physiological changes were observed. For biofloc water management, six types of water treatments were carried out, which were no exchange without antibiotics as negative control, the exchange to stored biofloc water, the exchange to stored biofloc water with 20% flow-through, the exchange to fresh biofloc water, half fresh biofloc water and half sea water, and the complete flow-through. There was no significant physicochemical change on water qualities in any type. The exchange to fresh biofloc water was shown the highest survival ratio as 72.3%, and in case of stored biofloc water with 20% flow-through, the survival ratio was also significantly high as 62%. Plasma glucose, cholesterol, total protein, calcium, and magnesium were analyzed as physiological index. Mostly, there was no significant change, but plasma cholesterol showed an initial decrease in low survival group, and an initial increase with high survival group. Consequently, antibiotic treatment against a bacterial disease during biofloc culture is possible as long as the biofloc water management follow along properly.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2002

만의 일부만이 개방되어 있고 어선이나 군함 등의 선박통항이 빈번한 당항만을 대상 해역으로 하여 폐쇄성 연안해역의 해수유동에 관해 고찰하였다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.29-35
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• 1986

The characteristics of tidal exchange in Masan Bay were studied on the basis of salinity observations and current measurements in the summer of 1985. The exchange ratio of the sea water was calculated using three different formulas. The tidal exchange rate was estimated to be smaller than that of another bays in the southern coast of Korea. The tidal exchange ratios in Masan Bay at spring tide were deduced to be 2.4-11.7%. While those at neap tide were 2.0-9.1%. Though tidal range of neap tide is smaller than that of spring tide. the tidal exchange ratio in the bay can be increased in case of highly stratified vertical structure.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 1985

거제만의 물질수지와 굴양식장관리를 위한 해양환경개선 및 해양공학적 기초자료를 마련코저, 1984년 8월의 대조기 23시간 및 소조기 13시간 동안 거제만입구의 단면에서 연속측류와 측심 및 채수를 실시하였다. 거제만의 해수교환과 그 기구에 관한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 거제만입구의 해수류출입현상은 만의 중앙부 및 육구단측이 만의 서부인 아지랑측보다 담수유출이 많은 우기에 유출이 우세하고 건기에는 상층에서 유출되나 저층에서는 유입이 우세하였다. 2. 해수교환율은 대조기 $26\%$, 소조기 $5{\sim}15\%$ 범위이다. tidal prism에 의한 체류시간은 대조기 약 48시간, 소조기 약 81시간으로 나타났다. 그러나, 해수교환정도는 교환개념과 수문기상학적 요소 및 계절에 따라 변동된다. 3. 협수도에 접한 거제만은 지형과 조류의 영향으로 와류현상이 활발하다. 따라서, 거제만은 지형성 와류가 해수교환에 미치는 영향이 클 것으로 추정된다.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.171-185
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• 2000

A mathematical model to adequately predict complex mixing characteristics of sorptive polluants in natural streams with pools-and-riffes has been developed. In this model, sorption of pollutants onto the bed sediment as well as mass storage and exchange in the storage zones were incorporated into one-dimensional mass balance equatins. The geometric and hydraulic characteristics of the pool-riffle sequences were properly conceptualized. Simulations with parameters of pool-and-riffle streams better fit the measured data in overall shape and peak concentration than simulations with parameters for uniform channels. The analyses on the characteristics of the storage zone model parameters reveal that a linear relationship between the logrithm of the storage zone volume ratio and a function of the friction factor exists. A linear relatiohship might also be tenatively assumed between the logarithm of the dimensionless mass exchange coefficient and the logarithm of the aspect ratio of the storage zone if some of the high values of the dimensionless mass exchange coefficient collected on the successive bed forms are excluded.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 1999

A two-dimensional numerical experiment and field observations were conducted to evaluate changes in sea water movement and the water quality environment related to comprehensive projects of waterfront development around Kwangyang Bay on the south coast of Korea. Tidal flow velocities, especially in the western part of the bay, were considerably slower as a result of the development projects. Accordingly, the seawater exchange ratio reduced from 38.7% to 26.3%. The impact of dredging work on the water quality environment was much stronger than expected. Furthermore, after the completion of the industrial parks and container-exclusive wharfs, COD from the waste water treatment plant will be dispersed extensively into the adjacent water at a level of less than 0.1 mg/l for up to 142.5 $\textrm{km}^2$. Therefore, consistent monitoring and management of the water quality environment is strongly recommended.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2009년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.89-94
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 부산 북항 재개발의 개발 단계별 해수순환 특성을 살펴보고, 이와 동시에 북항으로 유입되는 4개의 하천의 유량을 갈수기, 평수기, 홍수기로 나누어 각 시기별 하천유량의 유입이 북항의 해수순환에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 수치모의하고자 하였다. 결과적으로 부산 북항을 중심으로 한 해수유동 수치모의 시 건설 전과 후에 하천유량이 증가할수록 신선대 방향으로의 Flux가 증가하고 이는 건설 전 후와 상관없이 유동방향이 변하지 않기 때문인 것으로 사료된다. 또한 건설 이전의 홍수시 하천 조건에서의 해수교환율은 60%, 건설 전 후의 해수교환율은 하천유량조건과 관계없이 거의 같은 간으로 해수교환율이 증가하였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.361-369
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• 2018

A manufacturing method has been devised to prepare novel heterogeneous cation exchange membranes by mixing ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers with a commercial cation exchange resin. Optimum material characteristics, mixture ratios and manufacturing conditions have been worked out for achieving favorable membrane performance. Ion exchange capacity, electrical resistance, water uptake, swelling ratio and tensile strength properties were measured. SEM analysis was used to monitor morphology. Effects of vinyl acetate (VA) content, melt index (MI) and ion exchange resin content on properties of heterogeneous cation exchange membranes have been discussed. An application test was carried out by mounting a selected membrane in a membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) system to investigate its desalination capability. 0.92 meq/g of ion exchange capacity, $8.7{\Omega}.cm^2$ of electrical resistance, $40kgf/cm^2$ of tensile strength, 19% of swelling ratio, 42% of water uptake, and 56.4% salt removal rate were achieved at best. VA content plays a leading role on the extent of physical properties and performance; however, MI is important for having uniform distribution of resin grains and achieving better ionic conductivity. Overall, manufacturing cost has been suppressed to 5-10% of that of homogeneous ion exchange membranes.