• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.268-278
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• 2010

This study derived the effectiveness analysis results of construction of wastewater treatment plant under climate change scenarios. Canadian Global Coupled Model (CGCM3) was used and A1B and A2 of Special Report on Emission Scenario (SRES) were selected. Regional climate change data for this application were downscaled by using Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM) and the flow and BOD concentration durations were obtained by using Hydrological Simulation Program - Fortran (HSPF). The criteria for low flow and water quality were chosen as $Q_{99}$, $Q_{95}$, $Q_{90}$ and $C_{30}$, $C_{10}$, $C_1$. The numbers of days to satisfy the instreamflow requirements and target BOD concentration were also added to the criteria for comparison. As a results, small wastewater treatment plant improved the water cycle due to the increase of low flow and the decrease of BOD concentration. But climate change affected the reduction of effectiveness significantly. Especially in case of construction of small waste water treatment plant in the upstream region, it is necessary to take climate change impact into consideration since it is usually related to the low flow and the water quality of the stream.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.666-673
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• 2022

This study attempted to provide basic data on the operation plan by investigating how the servicescape of domestic water sports facilities affects customer satisfaction and participation behavior. Therefore, participants in their 20s or older were selected as samples among those who experienced water sports facilities. The survey was conducted non-face-to-face from April 25 to July 15, 2022, and a total of 243 copies of data were used for the final analysis. For data processing, frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, item consistency, correlation analysis, simple and multiple regression analysis were performed using the SPSS (ver. 21.0) program. As a result of this study, first, it was found that the water sports facility servicescape affects the value in the order of convenience, empathy, and facility environment. Second, it was found that customer satisfaction at water sports facilities had an effect on participation behavior. Third, it was found that the water sports facility servicescape affects participation behavior in the order of facility environment, service, convenience, and empathy.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.40-50
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• 2011

We study the characteristic and total flux of non-point pollutants such as total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved nutrients, total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) in the storm water runoff from urban streams and sewer outlets of Banweol Industrial Complex around Shihwa Lake. The concentrations of non-point pollutants were generally increased with increasing of the duration and intensity of rainfall. Mean TSS concentration of Ansan stream was higher than that of sewer outlets but mean concentrations of COD, TP and TN were approximately 2~5 times higher of sewer outlet than of urban stream. TSS showed statistically positive relationships with COD and TP but it had negative correlation with dissolved nutrients. There was a significant correlation between total flux of non-point pollutants in the storm water runoff and total basin area of each sewer outlet, showing that the highest runoff flux was observed at 3rd sewer outlet which represents the largest basin area from Banweol industrial complex. Total runoff fluxes for TSS, COD, TP and TN in this study were 187,536 kg, 17,118 kg, 922 kg, 13,519 kg, respectively. Given the basin area of sewer outlet in Banweol industrial complex which corresponds only 3% from total catchment area around Shihwa Lake, enormous amount of non-point pollutants will be entered into Shihwa Lake without any treatment. It is necessary to manage and reduce of various non-point sources and pollutants because the runoff of nonpoint pollutants during storm events should be deteriorating the water quality of Shihwa Lake. Our results provides useful informations on the development of best managements practices (BMPs) for effective implementation of total pollution loads management system of Shihwa Lake.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.357-362
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• 2010

The railroad that represents modern industry began appearing in 1899. However, after the steam locomotive that provided water stopped the service, the water towers within the railroad station were useless. Suggestions presented in this study for activating the environment around the water towers that are designated as the cultural properties results are as followed: 1) The place where people can experience the vestiges of Korean War and the region that different novels accommodated. 2) A plaza 3) A facility for exhibition of industry inheritance and local products 4) A local landmark 5) Reproduction of the historical steam locomotive and water tower Local residents should participate in the activation process. And the designer should consider the environmental context. In addition, the activation of water towers should be designed under an urban plan.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.796-804
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• 2006

The objective of this research was to develop ecological multi-metric models using natural fish assemblages for a diagnosis of current stream health condition, and apply the model to nationwide lotic ecosystems of the Geum River, the Youngsan River, and the Sumjin River. The ecological stream health model was based on the index of biological integrity (IBI), which was originally developed in North American streams by Karr (1981), and the Rapid Bioassessment Protocol (RBP), which was scientifically established by the US EPA (1999). The metric numbers and metric attributes were partially changed for the regional applications, so the scoring criteria was modified for the assessment. Overall, metric values, based on the IBI calculations, reflected conventional water quality characteristics, based on nutrient regime, and agreed with results of staticeco-toxicity tests. Some stations impaired in terms of stream health were identified by the IBI approach, and also major key stressors affecting the stream health were identified by additional evaluations of physical habitats. Our preliminary results suggested that biological integrity in stream ecosystems was largely disturbed by habitat degradation as well as chemical pollutions. This new approach would be used as a key tool for ecological restorations and species conservations in the degraded aquatic ecosystems in Korea and applied for elucidating major causes of ecological disturbances. Ultimately, this approach provides us an effective management strategy of stream ecosystems through establishments of ecological networks in various watersheds.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.543-549
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• 2008

Human activities and land-use practices are intensely widening the urban areas. High impervious surface areas cover much of urban landscapes and are the primary pollutant sources which can lead to water quality and habitat degradation in its watershed. As the urban areas expand, transportation land-use such as parking lots, roads, service areas, toll-gates in highways and bridges also increase. These land-uses are significant in urban pollution due to high imperviousness rate and vehicular activities. To regulate the environmental impacts and to improve the water quality of rivers and lakes, the Ministry of Environment (MOE) in Korea developed the Total Pollution Load Management System (TPLMS) program. The main objective is to lead the watershed for a low impact development. On a local scale, some urban land surfaces can be emitting more pollution than others. Consequently, in urban areas, the unit loads are commonly employed to estimate total pollutant loadings emitted from various land-uses including residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, open lands such as parks and golf courses, and other developed land like parking areas as a result of development. In this research, unit pollutant loads derived specifically from transportation land-uses (i.e. branched out from urban areas) will be provided. Monitoring was conducted over 56 storm events at nine monitoring locations during three years. Results for the unit pollutant loads of transportation land-use are determined to be $399.5kg/km^2-day$ for TSS, $12.3kg/km^2-day$ for TN and $2.46kg/km^2-day$ for TP. The values are higher than those of urban areas in Korean MOE and US highways. These results can be used by MOE to separate the pollutant unit load of transportation landuses from urban areas.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.215-220
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• 2008

This study was carried out to find optimum accumulative solar radiation in 'Carnidal' of Perlite Media. The pH was stable from 6.0 to 6.7 during cultivation. Electric conductivity by drainage was higher water than by supply water and electric conductivity was increased at later. Inorganic compound, such as phosphoric, kalium and magnesium were accumulated in crossed system. Especially, kalium and magnesium were highly accumulated. When solar radiation high, consumption of the amount of nutrient solution were increased. Sap flew was $273g{\cdot}hr^{-1}$ per hour from 10 : 30 to 11 : 00 AM. However there was no relation-ship between solar radiation and the mount of sap flew. When amount of solar radiation was $250W{\cdot}hr^{-1}$, cut rose 'Cardinal' nutrient consumption was 212.8 mL at nutrient supply of 50 mL. The yield of cut rose 'Cardinal' was 154.6 ea/10a in perlite media. In the cut rose 'Cardinal', nutrient solution was 50 mL as supplied at solar radiation of $200W{\cdot}hr^{-1}$ and nutrient solution was 30mL as supplied at solar radiation of $250W{\cdot}hr^{-1}$ at low solar radiation in perlite.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.281-290
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: As the demand for strawberries increases, people are paying attention to food safety in strawberry, especially pesticide residues. To remove the pesticides from strawberry, various washing and processing technique in households are additionally required. METHODS AND RESULTS: Strawberries were washed with water, detergent, alcohol, and ultrasonication and processed to strawberry jam. The mean reduction efficiency according to the washing solvent and method was found to be higher in the order of detergent (42.5%) > alcohol (41.7%) > water (41.3%) > ultrasoniation with alcohol (40.2%) > ultrasoniation with water (38.6%) > ultrasoniation with detergent (36.9%), but there was no significant difference among the treatments. The residue levels of pesticides during processing to jam decreased by 11.9-94.4% for etoxazole, fluopyram, procymidone, spiromesifen, and prochloraz, while the other pesticides were concentrated by boiling, or rather increased by 11.8-40.2%. However, when the residue levels were converted to residual amounts in consideration of the change in weight after processing, the residual amounts of the tested pesticides were reduced by 59.8-98.4% during processing. The processing factor (PF) were different for each pesticide, but PFs were < 1 for all washing solvents and methods, and 0.06-1.40 when processed into jam. CONCLUSION: To ensure the consumption of pesticide-free strawberry, the most efficient washing method is to immerse the strawberry in fresh water for few minutes, followed by rinsing them under running water.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2010

In operating estimation system, the river and lake is almost simple monitoring system or independent monitoring system. But the present system has many weak points about the concurrent analysis ability of various information collection. Sensors generating the information is not accurate. Therefore, we have something that can be improved. Although we have the related facilities of the purification plant, forebays and sewage disposal plant, and suffer from the difficulty about lack of system of estimation, management and control. As a result of this paper, monitoring system can observe the water pollution and various water environment of whole country. Also, through the sensors of USN, Zigbee, RFID and middle ware, which can service and construct service platform, we present standard plan of remarkable scalability service platform.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial resistance, presence of ${\beta}$-lactamase genes and integrons in 83 ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolated from Nakdong river and Geumho river in Daegu. Among the ${\beta}$-lactam antimicrobials, all isolates were resistant to ampicillin, cephalothin, cefamandole and cefotaxime, followed by piperacillin (98.8%), ampicillin/sulbactam (86.7%), aztreonam (60.2%) and cefepime (59.0%), whereas resistance to piperacillin/tazobacram, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid and cefoxitin was less than 30%. Many of the ESBL-producing Escherichia coli were also resistant to non-${\beta}$-lactams antimicrobials such as nalidixic acid (83.1%), sulfonamides (72.3%), ciprofloxacin (62.7%) and gentamicin (38.6%). All isolates showed resistance to seven or more antimicrobial agents. The most frequently detected gene was $bla_{TEM+CTX-M}$ (49.4%), followed by $bla_{CTX-M}$ (27.7%), $bla_{TEM}$ (6.0%) and $bla_{OXA}$ (1.2%). But $bla_{SHV}$ was not found. Class 1 integrons were found in 61.4% (51 isolates) of isolates, however, class 2 and 3 integrons were not detected. The results showed water from Nakdong river and Geumho river is contaminated with ESBL-producing E. coli isolates. These results suggest the need for further investigation of antibiotic resistant bacteria to prevent public health impacts in the water environment.