• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.711-714
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• 2003

Factors causing deterioration of concrete structures under marine environment are various, especially penetration and diffusion of chloride ion, carbon dioxide, and water through pore effects on the durability of concrete as well as mechanical properties of concrete. Pore of porous materials like concrete can be classified as micro-, meso-, and macro-pore. And pore of cement matrix is classified as pore which occupied by water, air void, and ITZ between cement paste and aggregates. In this study, to verify the relationship between pore of cement matrix and the property of chloride ion diffusivity, the regression analysis is producted. From the result of regression analysis, the average pore diameter more than total pore volume effects on the diffusivity of chloride ion.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.319-326
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• 2004

본 연구는 콘크리트의 시공성 및 역학적 특성을 향상시키기 위하여 사용되는 혼화재료(플라이애쉬, 고로슬래그미분말, 실리카퓸 및 메타카올린)를 해양환경에 노출되는 콘크리트에 적용할 경우, 혼화재료가 콘크리트의 내염성능 향상에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 비교적 단기간에 평가할 수 있는 전기적 촉진시험방법을 사용하여 혼화재 종류 및 치환율, 물-결합재비, 재령에 따른 염화물 확산계수를 비교$\cdot$평가하였다. 혼화재 종류 및 치환율에 따른 염화물 확산계수 평가결과 물-결합재비 수준에 따라 성능의 차이는 있지만 각 혼화재별로 염화물 침투저항성이 우수한 치환율 수준이 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 염화물확산계수는 물-결합재비 수준에 따른 영향과 더불어 적정의 치환율을 적용한 혼화재의 사용에 의해서도 현저하게 저감시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 시간의 경과와 함께 염화물 확산계수도 감소되는 시간의존적인 특성은 혼화재 종류 및 치환율에 의해 영향을 받는 것으로 사료된다. 압축강도와 염화물 확산계수는 반비례의 관계를 보이고 있으며, 본 연구의 범위에서 보면 50MPa 이하영역에서는 염화물 확산계수는 압축강도 발현특성과 더불어 혼화재 사용 및 치환율에 따른 영향도 크게 나타나고 있어, 향후 염해 환경하에서 내구성을 고려한 구조물 설계시 보다 정확한 내구성능 평가를 위해서는 압축강도 발현특성 검토와 더불어 염화물 확산계수의 평가가 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2023

본 논문은 가혹 조건을 고려하여 양생시킨 콘크리트를 대상으로 양생 조건이 콘크리트의 공극과 염화물 확산에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 재령 28일에서의 압축강도, 공극 특성 및 염화물 확산계수를 각각 측정하였다. 연구 결과에 따르면, 상대습도가 증가함에 따라 압축강도가 개선되었으며, 양생 온도 35 ℃에서 가장 큰 압축강도를 보이나, 45 ℃에서 양생을 실시한 경우, 오히려 강도가 감소하였다. 이와 달리, 염화물 확산계수는 온도 및 상대습도가 증가할수록 감소하므로 압축강도의 경향과 차이를 보였다. 한편, 수중양생을 실시할 경우, 압축강도-염화물 확산계수와 공극률-염화물 확산계수의 상관성은 우수하였으나, 가혹 조건에서 양생한 경우, 수중 양생을 실시한 경우와 비교하여 크게 감소하였다. 이에 비해, 양생 조건과 관계없이 평균 공극 직경과 염화물 확산계수는 상관관계가 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.3800-3804
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• 2013

In this study, molecular dynamics simulations of SPC/E (extended simple point charge) model have been carried out in the canonical NVT ensemble over the range of temperatures 300 to 550 K with and without Ewald summation. The quaternion method was used for the rotational motion of the rigid water molecule. Radial distribution functions $g_{OO}(r)$, $g_{OH}(r)$, and $g_{HH}(r)$ and self-diffusion coefficients D for SPC/E water were determined at 300-550 K and compared to experimental data. The temperature dependence on the structural and diffusion properties of SPC/E water was discussed.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.587-607
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• 2012

The purpose of this research is to propose a design technique of concrete mix proportions satisfying service life through genetic algorithm (GA) and neural network (NN). For this, thirty mix proportions and the related diffusion coefficients in high performance concrete are analyzed and fitness function for diffusion coefficient is obtained considering mix components like w/b (water to binder ratio), cement content, mineral admixture (slag, flay ash and silica fume) content, sand and coarse aggregate content. Through averaging the results of 10 times GA simulations, relative errors to the previous data decrease lower than 5.0% and the simulated mix proportions are verified with the experimental results. Assuming the durability design parameters, intended diffusion coefficient for intended service life is derived and mix proportions satisfying the service life are obtained. Among the mix proportions, the most optimized case which satisfies required concrete strength and the lowest cost is selected through GA algorithm. The proposed technique would be improved with the enhancement of comprehensive data set including wider the range of diffusion coefficients.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제3권6호
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• pp.401-422
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• 2006

A multi-species model based on the Nernst-Planck equation has been developed by using a finite volume method. The model makes it possible to simulate transport due to an electrical field or by diffusion and to predict chloride penetration through water saturated concrete. The model is used in this paper to assess and analyse chloride diffusion coefficients and chloride binding isotherms. The experimental assessment of the effective chloride diffusion coefficient consists in measuring the chloride penetration depth by using a colorimetric method. The effective diffusion coefficient determined numerically allows to correctly reproduce the chloride penetration depth measured experimentally. Then, a new approach for the determination of chloride binding, based on non-steady state diffusion tests, is proposed. The binding isotherm is identified by a numerical inverse method from a single experimental total chloride concentration profile obtained at a given exposure time and from Freundlich's formula. In order to determine the initial pore solution composition (required as initial conditions for the model), the method of Taylor that describes the release of alkalis from cement and alkali sorption by the hydration products is used here. Finally, with these input data, prediction of total and water-soluble chloride concentration profiles has been performed. The method is validated by comparing the results of numerical simulations to experimental results obtained on various types of concretes and under different exposure conditions.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2005

We study the kinetics of absorption of water in Portland cement concretes added with 60, 70 and 80% of granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) cured in water and at open air and preheated at 50 and $100^{\circ}C$. A mathematical model is presented that allows describing the process not only in early ages where the capillary sorption is predominant but also for later and long times where the diffusive processes through the finer and gel pores are considered. The fitting of the model by computerized methods enables us to determine the parameters that characterize the process: i.e., the sorptivity coefficient (S) and diffusion coefficient (D). This allows the description of the process for all times and offers the possibility to know the contributions of both, the diffusive and capillary processes. The results show the influence of the curing regime and the preheating temperature on the behavior of GGBS mortars.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2004년도 학술대회지
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• pp.71-76
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• 2004

This paper investigate that the effect of the concrete containing mineral admixtures(pozzolanic materials such as fly-ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, silica fume and meta kaolin) on the resistance properties to chloride ion invasion. The purposed testing procedure was applied to the concrete added mineral admixtures for $3\sim4$ replacement ratios under W/B ratios ranged from 0.40 to 0.55. Specimens were immersed in $3.6\%$ NaCl solution for 330 days, and penetration depth, water soluble chloride contents and acid soluble chloride contents were measured in 28, 91, 182 and 330 days. Then, diffusion coefficient were calculated using total chloride contents. As a results. the kinds of mineral admixture and replacement ratios had a great effect on the resistance property of the concrete to chloride ion invasion compared with the plain concrete. And the optimal replacement ratios of mineral admixture had a limitation for each admixtures. The amount of acid soluble chloride ions and water soluble chloride ions were varied with the kinds of mineral admixtures and the penetration depth from the concrete skin. Chloride diffusion coefficient of each concretes decreased with the time elapsed. and the diffusion coefficients of the concrete immersed salt water for 330 days had a establishment with the compressive strength measured before immersing.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회 1부
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• pp.87-88
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• 2010

A permeability of concrete is a very important factors evaluating durability. So, we are carrying out a lot of relational data bases and experiment regarding a permeability. In order to evaluate a permeability of concrete, we are proceeding study on the water penetration and diffusion in concrete by water pressure. Because a way to evaluate a permeability of concrete has a limit. We will present a good method of evaluating durability of concrete using the water penetration depth of concrete by water pressure. To carry this out, we executed experiment with penetration depth of concrete by water pressure and verified it though FEM analysis.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.833-836
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• 2000

The mechanical and thermal load. and thermal softening which is happened by the high temperature of die, in hot and warm forging, cause wear. heat checking and plastic deformation, etc. This study is for the effects of solid lubricants and surface treatments for warm forging die Because cooling effect and low friction are essential to the long lift of dies. optimal surface treatments and lubricants are very important to hot and warm forging Process. The heat that is generated by repeated forging processes. and its transfer are important factors to affect die life. The main factors, which affect die hardness and heat transfer, are surface treatments and lubricants, which are related to thermal diffusion coefficient and heat transfer coefficient, etc. For verifying these. experiments art performed for diffusion coefficient and heat transfer coefficient in various conditions - different initial billet temperatures and different loads. Carbonitriding and ionitriding are used as surface treatments. and oil- base and water-base graphite lubrirants are used. The effects of lubricant and surface treatment for warm forging die lift are explained by their thermal characteristics.