• Title/Summary/Keyword: Water consumption

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Variation of Energy Consumption in Barracks through Simulation by Year of Completion

  • Choi, Doo-Sung;Jeon, Hung-Chan;Cho, Kyun-Hyong;Yoo, Jeong-Seong
    • KIEAE Journal
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.21-28
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    • 2016
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze & suggest the variation of energy consumption consequent on thermal insulation performance strengthening from early 2000s when modernization of barracks began until the present targeting a large barracks. Method: To carry out this research, this study surveyed the standard of thermal insulation by year, which is being applied to a barracks by conducting literature search, and selected the standard model for a barracks. Also, this study analyzed energy consumption by year & region by performing simulation(ECO2)of the selected standard model. Result: As a result, it was analyzed that in case of a building which was completed in 2015, the energy consumption for air-conditioning & heating, lighting, and hot water supply over the year 2000 reduced by 11% on the average in central district, 10% on the average in southern district, and 17% on the average in Jeju, respectively.

Should Workers Avoid Consumption of Chilled Fluids in a Hot and Humid Climate?

  • Brearley, Matt B.
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • v.8 no.4
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    • pp.327-328
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    • 2017
  • Despite provision of drinking water as the most common method of occupational heat stress prevention, there remains confusion in hydration messaging to workers. During work site interactions in a hot and humid climate, workers commonly report being informed to consume tepid fluids to accelerate rehydration. When questioned on the evidence supporting such advice, workers typically cite that fluid absorption is delayed by ingestion of chilled beverages. Presumably, delayed absorption would be a product of fluid delivery from the gut to the intestines, otherwise known as gastric emptying. Regulation of gastric emptying is multifactorial, with gastric volume and beverage energy density the primary factors. If gastric emptying is temperature dependent, the impact of cooling is modest in both magnitude and duration (${\leq}5$ minutes) due to the warming of fluids upon ingestion, particularly where workers have elevated core temperature. Given that chilled beverages are most preferred by workers, and result in greater consumption than warm fluids during and following physical activity, the resultant increased consumption of chilled fluids would promote gastric emptying through superior gastric volume. Hence, advising workers to avoid cool/cold fluids during rehydration appears to be a misinterpretation of the research. More appropriate messaging to workers would include the thermal benefits of cool/cold fluid consumption in hot and humid conditions, thereby promoting autonomy to trial chilled beverages and determine personal preference. In doing so, temperature-based palatability would be maximized and increase the likelihood of workers maintaining or restoring hydration status during and after their work shift.

A Case Study on Energy Performance Analysis of Retrofitted Building Using Inverse Model Toolkit (Inverse Model Toolkit을 이용한 리모델링 건축물의 에너지 성능평가 사례)

  • Kwon, Kyung-Woo;Lee, Suk-Joo;Park, Jun-Seok
    • Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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    • v.26 no.8
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    • pp.394-400
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    • 2014
  • Several models and methods have been developed to verify the improvement of energy performance in retrofit buildings. The verification is important to confirm the effectiveness of new technologies or retrofits. Inverse model toolkit proposed by ASHRAE evaluates the changes of the energy performance of retrofit buildings by using actual energy consumption data. In this study, the inverse model toolkit was used to analyze heating and cooling energy performance of an office building. Analyzed coefficients of correlation of actual energy consumption with estimated energy consumption was above 0.92 and well fitted. It was confirmed that energy consumption of natural gas decreased by 43.4% and also that electricity decreased by 13.8%, after the retrofit of the case building. For the energy usage, cooling energy was increased by 7.4%, heating energy was decreased by 42.3%, hot water and cooking were increased by 3.4%, lighting and electronics were decreased by 19.3%, and the total energy was decreased by 18.9%.

Effects of Water Temperature and Body Weight on Oxygen Consumption Rate of Black Rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (조피볼락, Sebastes schlegeli의 산소 소비율에 미치는 수온과 체중의 영향)

  • Oh, Sung-Yong;Noh, Choong Hwan;Myoung, Jung-Goo;Jo, Jae-Yoon
    • Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2007
  • The effect of water temperature (T) and body weight (W) on the oxygen consumption of the fasted black rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli was investigated to provide empirical data for the culture management and bioenergetic growth model of this species. The mean wet body weights of two fish groups used for the present experiment were $12.9{\pm}2.7g$ ($mean{\pm}SD$) and $351.1{\pm}9.2g$. The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was measured under three water temperature regimes (15, 20 and $25^{\circ}C$) at an interval of 5 minutes for 24 hours using a continuous flow-through respirometer. In each treatment three replicates were set up and 45 fish in small size groups and 6 fish in large size groups were used. The OCRs increased with increasing water temperature in both size groups (p<0.001). Mean OCRs at 15, 20 and $25^{\circ}C$ were 414.2, 691.5 and $843.8mg\;O_2\;kg^{-1}h^{-1}$ in small size groups, and 182.0, 250.7 and $328.2mg\;O_2\;kg^{-1}h^{-1}$ in large size groups, respectively. The OCRs decreased with increasing body weights in three water temperature groups (p<0.001). The mass effect on metabolic rate can be expressed by the power of 0.69~0.75. The data are best described by the relationship: OCR=89.12+28.79T-1.17W. $Q_{10}$ values ranged 1.90~2.79 between 15 and $20^{\circ}C$, 1.49~1.71 between 20 and $25^{\circ}C$, and 1.80~2.03 over the full temperature range, respectively. The energy loss by metabolic cost increased with increasing water temperature and decreasing body weight (p<0.001). Mean energy loss rates by oxygen consumption at 15, 20 and $25^{\circ}C$ were 282.9, 472.3 and $576.3kJ\;kg^{-1}d^{-1}$ in small size groups and 124.3, 171.3 and $224.1kJ\;kg^{-1}d^{-1}$ in large size groups, respectively.

Heating and Hot Water Supply Energy Comparison of Medium Capacity and Multi Boilers System applied to Military Officer Housing (군간부 숙소에 적용된 중용량 및 멀티 보일러 시스템의 난방 및 급탕에너지 비교)

  • Kim, Min-Yong;Kim, Young Il;Chung, Kwang Seop
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.8-16
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    • 2014
  • Heating and hot water supply energy consumption of medium and multi boiler systems applied to military officer housing are compared with in-situ experiment and TRNSYS dynamic simulation program. In a multiple boiler system, small capacity boilers are connected in parallel to meet the required capacity. For handling partial loads, medium capacity boiler relies on on-off control, while multi boiler adopts PI control. Since multi boiler has higher efficiency and better control strategy, the results show that energy consumption can be reduced significantly with the multi boiler system.

Study on the Electric Energy Saving System in Marine Cooling System (선박 냉각시스템에서의 전기 에너지 절감 시스템에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Yun-Hyung;Bae, Soo-Young;Jung, Sung-Young;Oh, Jin-Seok
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • v.32 no.8
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    • pp.1157-1163
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    • 2008
  • Fuel represents a significant portion of the operating costs of voyages of the vessel. Under this situation, dramatic increase in fuel price caused a problem that earnings of ship becomes decreased seriously. Pumps in a cooling system of the vessel are often operated inefficiently. The reasons will vary from process to process and application to application. Inefficiency of pumps is one of the reason for making the cost of operating the vessel increased. This paper suggests energy-effective cooling system that controls sea water pumps with inverters to reduce energy consumption in vessel by conducting simulation with LabVIEW. Results shows that electric energy consumption of pumps are significantly deceased. If this energy-effective cooling system is applied to other systems which need cooling, it could be useful in reducing electric energy wastage.

Strategy of Energy Saving and Thermal Environment Improvement for Intermittent Heating System in Apartment Buildings (공동주택 간헐난방시스템의 에너지 절감 및 열환경 개선방안 연구)

  • Ahn Byung-Cheon;Lee Tae-Won
    • Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.88-93
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    • 2005
  • In this study, the operational characteristics on heating performance and energy consumption for intermittent hot water heating system in apartment buildings were research by simulation. The effects of apartment inlet hot water temperature and operation time per day on energy consumption and indoor thermal environment are investigated. The strategy of energy saving and thermal environment improvement is suggested in comparison with the existing ones.

Four-Week Oral Toxicity Study of CJ-50002 (Vibrio Vaccine) in Rats (CJ-50002(비브리오백신)의 랫드에 대한 4주간 경구 반복투여 독성연구)

  • 윤병일;정수연;김달현;이영수;김대용
    • Toxicological Research
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.9-17
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    • 1999
  • This study was performed to evaluate the subacute toxicity of CJ-50002 (Vibrio Vaccine) in SPF Spraqur-Dawley (SD) rats. Vibrio vaccine was administered orally at a dose level of high (167mg/kg/day), medium (16.7mg/kg/day), and low (16.7mg/kg/day) once a day and repeated fro 4 weeks. Ten males and female rats were assigned to each group. After 4 week administration, no significant dose-dependent changes in body weight, water and food consumption rate or organ weight were noted dependent changes in body weight, water and food consumption rate or organ weight were noted among 4 groups. Urinanalysis, hematology, and serum chemistry, also fail to detect any dose-related change among 4 groups tested. During necropsy and histopathological examination, no specific toxicity related to treated material was found. The result of this study demonstrated that vibrio vaccine when administered orally for 4 weeks at a high dose of 167mg/kg/day, no dose-related toxicity was found in treated make and female rats.

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A Study on the High-efficient Bioethanol Production Using Barley (보리를 이용한 고효율 바이오에탄올 생산 연구)

  • JEON, HYUNGJIN;GO, KYOUNG-MO;KIM, SHIN;JEONG, JUN-SEONG
    • Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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    • v.28 no.6
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    • pp.697-703
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    • 2017
  • This study investigated the high-efficient process for bioethanol from barley by various condition. First, higher concentrations of ethanol could be produced without loss of yield by using reducing water consumption. This is because it could prevent to increase viscosity despite reducing water consumption. Second, the ethanol yield could be improved by using reducing particle size of biomass (increase of enzyme reactive surface). Third, The addition of protease could have a considerable effect on yield of fermentation, which provides nutrients to the yeast. This results showed that bioethanol production would provide efficient ethanol production and lower production costs.

Pretreatment with SAENGCHINYANGHYOLTANG to prevent the pancreatic enzymes changes by streptozotocin in rats (고혈당(高血糖) 쥐의 췌장(膵臟) 효소활성(酵素活性)에 미치는 생진양혈탕(生津養血湯)의 영향(影響))

  • Kim, Shin-Soek;Choi, Jong-Won;Lee, Cheol-Whan
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.15 no.2 s.28
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    • pp.429-444
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    • 1994
  • The present study was undertaken in order to elucidate the effect of pretreatment with Saengchinyanghyoltang(SYT) on changes in serum glucose level, body weight. water consumption. serum insulin concentration and activities of pancreatic enzymes in rats treated with streptozocin(STZ)-induced diabetic state. Histological studies were also carried out to elevate the effects on pancreatic tissues and Langelhans islet cells. SYT pretreatment in STZ diabetic rats inhibited the rise of fasting serum glucose concentration and water consumption. Pretreatment with SYT significantly increased the concentration of blood insulin and body weight changes compared to the STZ-treated group. Pancreatic lipase and trypsin activities were increased. but amylase activity was decreased and pancreatic ${\beta}-cell$ was destroyed by STZ but. pretreatment with SYT prevented these STZ-induced changes.

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