• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1046-1051
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• 2012

In order to investigate the changes in bioactive materials induced in goldfish brains by $^{18}F$ irradiation, the variations in the neurotransmitter levels in the whole brain were studied. The distance between the goldfish and 580 mCi of $^{18}F$ was about 4 cm, and the exposure lasted for 4 hrs. The absorption level calculated based on the distance, exposure time, and half-life of $^{18}F$ was approximately 2 Gy. After sacrifice by $^{18}F$ irradiation or untreated conditions, ten brains were dissected or immediately frozen, respectively. The tissues were extracted in acetic acid. After lyophilization, the samples were dissolved in distilled water and were further purified on a reverse-phase HPLC column. There were no differences in the intensities of the bioactive materials between $^{18}F$-exposed goldfish and control goldfish, while the only peak corresponded to 13 min, which indicated a significant increase in the irradiated brains. Our analysis has found that this compound is tryptophan. This result suggests that $^{18}F$ leads to changes in a classical neurotransmitter, tryptophan, in both the brains of control goldfish and goldfish contaminated by irradiation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 1981

Neutral lipids of the total lipid extracted from 4 representative varieties of barley grown in Korea and their corresponding malt were studied. Total lipids of barley and malt were solvent extracted with chloroform:methanol:water (1.0 : 1.0 : 0.9, v/v), The total lipids were fractionated into neutral and polar lipids by silicic acid column chromatography, and neutral lipids fraction was separated by thin layer chromatography and quantitated by TLC scanner. The fatty acid compositions was determined by gas liquid chromatography. The average content of total lipid in the 4 barleys and their malts were 3.3 and 2.9%, and average of neutral lipids content in the barley and malt lipids were 73.8 and 68.5%, respectively. Among the neutral lipids, triglycerides and free fatty acids were the major components, and triglycerides content decreased and free fatty acids content increased during malting. Sterol esters, free sterols, 1,3-and 1,2-diglycerides were the minor components of the neutral lipids, and contents of those components showed increasing tendency during malting. The major fatty acid composition of the total lipids were linoleic, palmitic and oleic acids, and in general, the malts had lower amounts of unsautrated fatty acids and high amounts of saturated fatty acids. Fatty acid composition of neutral lipids was of almost the same pattern as that of the total lipids.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 1981

Free sugars were isolated from ginseng root and its products and analyzed by using high performance liquid chromatogrphy. To isolate free sugars from aqueous sample solution fat-soluble components, crude saponin and protein were removed from the solution by extracting with benzene, water-saturated butanol and 80% ethanol, respectively. Free sugars found from both ginseng root and its products were fructose, glucose, sucrose and maltose, and the only sugar detected from red ginseng root and its products was rhamnose. Major sugar detected from fresh ginseng and white ginseng roots was sucrose, while sucrose and maltose were major sugars of red ginseng root.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.805-811
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• 2012

This study was carried out in order to optimize the manufacturing condition of fried garlic flakes as well as to investigate the physicochemical properties of the flakes. Fried garlic flake samples were prepared as follows: garlic was sliced by a thickness of 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm, which were measured by a thickness gage. The samples were fried in vegetable oil under different temperatures of $140{\sim}150^{\circ}C$, $160{\sim}170^{\circ}C$ and $180{\sim}185^{\circ}C$. The compression strength depending on the height (h) was measured in order to find the thickness effect by the rheometer (force control: 50 N, h: 3.25 mm). Moreover, the sample with 1.5 mm thickness showed crisp phenomena of the split compared with the crush shape of the 2.0 mm and 2.5 mm thick samples. The result of strength for time dependence showed a sample with a thickness of 1.5 mm, which was measured 5~9 times more than the 2.0 mm and 2.5 mm thick samples. We thought the reason that the 1.5 mm sample had less response power equivalent to compression force than the other samples. Alliin has been found to affect the immune responses in the blood, it is a derivative of the amino acid cysteine and is also quite heat stable. The LC system with a UV detection at 210 nm consists of a separation on a Zorbax TMS column and isocratic elution with water and ACN as a mobile phase. The alliin contents of raw and fried garlic flake under $140{\sim}150^{\circ}C$, $160{\sim}170^{\circ}C$ and $180{\sim}185^{\circ}C$ were 18.10 mg/mL, 14.0 mg/mL, 11.6 mg/mL and 11.1 mg/mL, respectively. The decrement of alliin content under different temperature was a small quantity hence, we confirmed that the increasing manufacturing temperature was not affected by the alliin content. Examining for the particle structure of fried garlic flakes by a polarization microscope, the color of the sample treated at $160{\sim}170^{\circ}C$ was pure yellow. Furder, the fiber shaped particle, which has an effect on the tough texture, almost did not appear compared to the different temperature conditions. Finally, the sensory test for the preference of fried garlic flake under different conditions was carried out and the scores for various sensory characteristics were surveyed. According to the physicochemical measurements and sensory evaluation, we confirmed that the optimum manufacturing condition of fried garlic flake was 1.5 mm thick at a temperature of $160{\sim}170^{\circ}C$.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.417-424
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• 2013

A rapid and simple analytical method for the determination of 9 isomaltooligosaccharides (IMO) species in yoghurts was developed using dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) clean-up technic and high performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light-scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD). In this study, 9 IMO were extracted from samples simply with chemical reagent using ISO22662 IDF198 method and additional dSPE clean-up. The optimum instrument conditions for the determination were used carbohydrate ES $5{\mu}$ column with gradient elution of water and acetonitrile and ELS detector. The linearity of this method was expressed as the correlation coefficient ($r^2$), the results of IMO 9 species were shown in 0.9999. LOD and LOQ were respectively 7.9-22.1 mg/kg, 25.9-72.8 mg/kg. The accuracy of intra- and inter-day measurements were in the range from $84.3{\pm}4.5$ to $104.9{\pm}6.5%$, and the preceision of the intra- and inter-day measurements were in the range from 0.8 to 7.7%. The recoveries were from $84.3{\pm}4.5$ to $104.9{\pm}6.5%$. The determination results of IMO 9 species for the 9 yoghurts circulated in the market were in the range from $0.317{\pm}0.007$ to $1.624{\pm}0.050$ g/100 g. The newly developed method is appropriate for the determination of IMO in yoghurts, is a rapid and simple method with excellent resolution in compared with previous method.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.135-144
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• 2007

The dried barks of Maackia amurensis were ground, extracted with 95% EtOH, concentrated, and fractionated with a series of light petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and water on a separatory funnel. Each fraction was concentrated, then a portion of dichloromethane and ethyl acetate soluble was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 and silica gel 60 column using a various solvent system as eluents. The isolated compounds were identified by cellulose TLC, $^1H-$, $^{13}C-NMR$, COSY, NOESY, HMQC, HMBC, FAB and EI-MS. The structures were determined as: 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-4'-methoxyisoflavone, 7-O-$\beta$-glucopyranosyl(1'''->6'')-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-4'-methoxyisoflavone, 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl(1''''->6''')-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl(1'''->6'')-$\beta$-D-glucopyransoyl-4'-methoxyisoflavone, 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-4', 6-dimethoxyisoflavone. The Free radical scavenging activity using DPPH of the isolated compounds were similar with that of BHT but lower than of $\alpha$-tocopherol.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.143-152
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• 1987

The digital data were obtained using Kennedy 9000 magnetic tape deck which was connected to the SMS960 side scan sonar during the field operations. The data of three consecutive survey tracks near Seongsan-po, Cheju were used for the development of this study. The softwares were mainly written in Fortran-77 using VAX 11/780 MINI-COMPUTER (CPU Memory; 4MB). The established mapping system consists of the pretreatment and the digital processing of seafloor image data. The pretreatment was necessary because the raw digital data format of the field magnetic tapes was not compatible to the VAX system. Therefore the raw data were read by the personal computer using the Assembler language and the data format was converted to IBM compatible, and next data were communicated to the VAX system. The digital processing includes geometrical correction for slant range, statistical analysis and cartography of the seafloor image. The sound speed in the water column was assumed 1,500 m/sec for the slant range correction and the moving average method was used for the signal trace smoothing. Histograms and cumulative curves were established for the statistical analysis, that was purposed to classify the backscattering strength from the sea-bottom. The seafloor image was displayed on the color screen of the TEKTRONIX 4113B terminal. According to the brief interpretation of the result image map, rocky and sedimentary bottoms were very well discriminated. Also it was shown that the backscattered acoustic pressurecorrelateswith the grain size and sorting of surface sediments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.240-240
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• 2011

The first neutral beam injector (NBI-1) has been developed for the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) tokamak. A first long pulse ion source (LPIS-1) has been installed on the NBI-1 for an auxiliary heating and current drive of KSTAR core plasmas. Performance of ion and neutral beam extractions in the LPIS-1 was investigated initially on the KSTAR NBI-1 system, prior to the neutral beam injection into the main plasmas. The ion source consists of a JAEA magnetic bucket plasma generator with multi-pole cusp fields and a set of KAERI prototype-III tetrode accelerators with circular apertures. The inner volume of plasma generator and accelerator column in the LPIS-1 is approximately 123 liters. Final design requirements for the ion source were a 120 kV/ 65 A deuterium beam and a 300 s pulse length. The extraction of ion beams was initiated by the formation of arc plasmas in the LPIS-1, called as an arc-beam extraction method. A stable ion beam extraction of LPIS-1 has been achieved up to an 100 kV/42 A for a 4 s pulse length and an 80 kV/25 A for a 14 s pulse length. Optimum beam perveance of 1.21 microperv has been found at an accelerating voltage of 80 kV. Neutralization efficiency has been measured by using a water flow calorimetry (WFC) method of calorimeter and an operation of bending magnet. The full-energy species of ion beams have been detected by using the diagnostic method of optical multichannel analyzer (OMA). An arc efficiency of the LPIS was 0.6~1.1 A/kW depending on the operating conditions of arc discharge.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.265-271
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• 2001

In order to elucidate the influence of intestinal and hepatic first-pass effect on the pharmacokinetics of triflusal, the biotransformation of triflusal in the gastrointestinal tract and liver was designed. Moreover, we tried to establish an HPLC method applicable for bioassay and available to pharmacokinetics, not only with the simultaneous determination of triflusal and its active metabolite, 2-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethyl benzoic acid (HTB), but also with improving sensitivity. After the administration of triflusal (10 mg/kg) and HTB (10 mg/kg) into femoral vein, portal vein (only triflusal) and oral route (only triflusal), pharmacokinetic parameters were investigated from the plasma concentration-time profiles of triflusal and HTB in rats. An HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of triflusal and HTB in rat plasma, urine and bile. The HPLC analysis was carried out using a C18 column and acetonitrile-methanol-water (25:10:65, v/v/v) as the mobile phase and UV detection at 234 nm. Furosemide was used as the internal standard. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration range $0.05-5.0\;{\mu}g/ml$ for triflusal and $0.2-200.0\;{\mu}g/ml$ for HTB with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999 and with intra-day or inter-day coefficients of variation not exceeding 10.0%. This assay procedure was applied to the study of metabolite pharmacokinetics of triflusal and HTB in rats. It was supposed that triflusal was almost metabolized in vivo because urinary and biliary excreted amounts of triflusal could be ignored as it was lower than 1.2% of the administered dose. According to the gastrointestinal and hepatic biotransformation pathways of triflusal, it was found that triflusal was hydrolyzed by about 5% in intestine and metabolized by about 53% in liver, and that the bioavailability of triflusal after oral administration of triflusal was 0.44, and also that the fraction of total elimination rate of triflusal which formed HTB in liver $(F_{mi},\;%)$ was about 98%. These results showed that triflusal was almost metabolized in liver, and the total elimination of triflusal in the body was dependent to the formation rate of HTB from triflusal in liver.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.146-151
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to develop analytical method for picoxystrobin in agricultural commodities using GC/ECD and GC/MS. METHODS AND RESULTS: Each steps of analytical method were optimized for determining picoxystrobin residues in various agricultural commodities. The developed methods include acetone extraction, n-hexane/saline water partition and florisil column chromatography for analysis of all samples (apple, potato, green pepper, hulled rice and soybean), and in addition to these steps, solid phase extraction (SPE) was used for analysis of green pepper and n-hexane/acetonitrile partition was used for analysis of hulled rice and soybean. The instrumental conditions were tested for quantitation in GC/ECD and for confirmation in GC/MS. Recovery was in the range of 86~109% with RSD ${\leq}$10.2% and the quantitation limits (LOQ) of method were 0.025 mg/kg in all agricultural commodities. CONCLUSION: The result showed that the developed method can be used to determine picoxystrobin residue in agricultural commodities.