• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제39권12호
• /
• pp.953-963
• /
• 2015

산업적으로 얇은 사각유로에서의 임계열유속을 포함한 열수력 현상을 이해하고 이를 시스템 설계에 반영해야 될 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 포화비등조건에서 임계열유속이 발생하는 주요기구는 일반적으로 환상유동 영역에서 액막이 건조되는 것이다. 이러한 임계열유속을 예측하기 위하여 원형관에 대한 대표적인 액막건조모델을 고찰하고 환상유동 시작 경계조건을 상수로 가정하는 기존 모델의 한계를 살펴보았다. 균일한 열유속으로 가열되는 얇은 수직사각유로 상향유동에서의 임계열유속을 예측하기 위하여 환상유동을 단순 모델링하고, 새로운 액막건조모델을 적용하였다. 284 개 실험데이타에 대한 예측성능을 확인한 결과 MAE 18.1%, RMSE 22.9% 예측오차로 실험데이타를 잘 예측할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• 제18권12호
• /
• pp.2284-2293
• /
• 2004

The evaporation heat transfer coefficient h$\_$r/ and frictional pressure drop Δp$\_$f/ of refrigerant R-134a flowing in the oblong shell and plate heat exchanger were investigated experimentally in this study. Four vertical counterflow channels were formed in the oblong shell and plate heat exchanger by four plates of geometry with a corrugated sinusoid shape of a 45 chevron angle. Upflow of refrigerant R-134a boils in two channels receiving heat from downflow of hot water in other channels. The effects of the refrigerant mass flux, average heat flux, refrigerant saturation temperature and vapor quality of R-134a were explored in detail. Similar to the case of a plate heat exchanger, even at a very low Reynolds number, the flow in the oblong shell and plate heat exchanger remains turbulent. The results indicate that the evaporation heat transfer coefficient h$\_$r/ and pressure drop Δp$\_$f/ increase with the vapor quality. A rise in the refrigerant mass flux causes an increase in the h$\_$r/ and Δp$\_$f/. But the effect of the average heat flux does not show significant effect on the h$\_$r/ and Δp$\_$f/. Finally, at a higher saturation temperature, both the h$\_$r/ and Δp$\_$f/ are found to be lower. The empirical correlations are also provided for the measured heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop in terms of the Nusselt number and friction factor.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제55권11호
• /
• pp.3973-3982
• /
• 2023

As for two-phase flow in rectangular channels, the flow regimes especially like churn-turbulent and annular flow are significant for the physical problem like Countercurrent Flow Limitation (CCFL). In this study, the rectangular channels with cross-sections of 4 × 66 mm, 6 × 66 mm, 8 × 66 mm are adopted to investigate the flow regimes of air-water vertical upward two phase flow under adiabatic condition. The gas and liquid superficial velocities are 0 ≤ j_g ≤ 20m/s and 0.25 ≤ j_f ≤ 3m/s respectively which covering bubbly to annular flow. The flow regimes are identified by random forest algorithm and the flow regime maps are obtained. As the results, the transitional void fraction from slug to churn turbulent flow fluctuate from 0.47 to 0.58 which is significantly affected by the dimensional size of channel and flow rate. Besides, the void fraction at transitional points from churn-turbulent (slug) to annular flow are 0.66-0.67, which are independent with the gap size. Furthermore, a new criteria of slug to churn-turbulent flow is established in this study. In addition, by introducing the interfacial force model, the criteria of churn-turbulent (slug) flow to annular flow is verified.

• 대기
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.20-42
• /
• 2002

한국의 '국가우주개발 중장기계획'에 의거하여 2008년에 첫 번째 정지궤도 통신해양기상위성(COMeS)을 발사하기 위한 사업이 추진되고 있다. 이에, 기상청은 이 위성의 기상분야 임무와 이를 완수하기 위한 요구사항을 작성하고 있다. 좀더 현실적이고 실현 가능한 요구사항을 작성하기 위해 1차적으로 가장 이상적인 위성산출자료에 대한 요구(안)을 작성하여, 실제 센서를 제작할 수 있는 기관에 1차 요구사항에 대한 의견을 요청하였다. 이들 기관에서의 답변과 다른 고려 사항들을 종합하여 2008년 발사에 필요한 수정된 요구사항을 작성하였으며, 본 논문에서는 이 수정(안)에 대해서 간단히 소개한다. 수정된 안은 정지궤도위성의 가장 중요한 임무를 한반도 주변의 악기상 탐지 및 예측성 제고에 두고 있으며, 이를 위해 기존의 정지궤도위성에서 사용하고 있는 탐측기(Sounder)의 핵심 관측파장대를 성능이 향상된 영상기(Imager)에 수용하는 원칠을 두고 작성되었다. 이 경우, 원하는 대부분의 기상요소를 산출하기 위해서는 모두 16 개 정도의 파장대에서 관측이 필요하며, 최소 12개의 파장대 관측이 필요할 것으로 조사되었다. 12개의 최소 파장대는 기존 정지궤도 영상기에서 활용되고 있는 6개의 채널에 2개의 가시채널, 1개의 근적외 채널, 2개의 수증기 채널, 그리고 오존흡수밴드가 포함되어 있다. 이들 관측자료로부터 기존의 정지궤도위성의 산출물과 수증기, 안정도지수, 바람장, 특이기상분석자료(황사, 해무 등) 등의 2차 산출물을 생산하여 활용하고자 한다. 또한, 시간적으로 고해상도의 자료를 얻기 위해서 영상기는 기본적으로 15분 이내에 전구관측이 이루어져야 하며, 필요할 경우에는 제한된 지역을 집중 관측할 수 있는 능력이 확보되도록 요구하고 있다. 요구되는 수평해상도는 가시영역의 경우 1km, 적외영역의 경우에는 2km를 경계값으로 하고, 목표값은 각각 0.5km와 1km로 하였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
• /
• pp.1882-1887
• /
• 2007

In the present experimental study, the effect of interfacial tensions on pressure drop of air-water two-phase flow in round mini-channels was investigated. A glass (highly wettable) tube and a Teflon (poorly wettable) tube, both in 350 mm length but 1.8 mm and 1.59 mm in inner diameters each, were used for the tests. All the experiments were performed only in the plug flow regime, confirmed by visualization. In the glass tube, the gas plugs were surrounded by the liquid film along the inner periphery. On the other hand, the inner wall remained dry at the gas portion in the Teflon tube. The pressure drop of the plug flow in the Teflon tube without the liquid film) appeared much larger than in the glass tube (with the liquid film) due to dissipation of energy by movement of the wetting lines. In this paper, various correlations on the two-phase pressure drop of plug flows were compared and a modified correlation was proposed, taking account of the surface wettability.

• 산업기술연구
• /
• 제25권B호
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 2005

To use land more efficiently under urbanization trend, Kangwon Province often covers open channels of creeks and uses them as parking lots or roads. A covered open channel section tends to form a rectangular culvert. Therefore, a creek with covered open channels can function as a storm drain. At the time of light rainfall, there are no significant differences except water flowing pattern between a creek with a covered open channel and a creek without it. Recently, however, the frequent occurrence of heavy rainfalls limited at a small, definite area has become problematic. When the heavy rainfall causes the carrying capacity of a creek to be exceeded,the creek with covered open channel has a more serious problem than the creek without it has. Therefore, we made an interpretation of data and conducted hydraulic model experiment to come up with economical solution to this problem.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.85-99
• /
• 1984

The stability of the two-phase flow in a heated channel is of great importance in the design and operation of the boilers and light water nuclear reactors, because it can cause flow oscillations and lead to a violation of thermal limits with resultant overheating of the channels and cladding. This paper presents a systematic evaluation to the variation effects of the basic four (4) dimensionless parameters in a homogeneous equilibrium model. The flow stability is examined on the ground of static characteristic curves. The complicated transfer function of flow dynamics which gives consideration to the transport lag of density wave is derived, and the transient flow stability is analysed by applying the Nyquist stability criterion in control engineering. The analysis results summed up as follows 1. The coolant flow becomes stable in large friction number and specific flow, while it is unstabale in small friction number and flow. 2. Large phase-change number and Froude number destabilize the two-phase flow, but small numbers stabilize it. The effect to variation of phase-change number is more dominant compared with Froude number. 3. The dynamic analysis is required to hold the sufficient safety of heated channels since only static results does not keep it. The special attention could be payed in the design and operation of heat engines, because the unstaable region exists within the stable boundary at small and middle phase-change number and Froude number.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.304-311
• /
• 2001

An experimental study on the countercurrent two-phase flow in narrow rectangular channels has been performed. The void fraction and the pressure gradient were investigated using air and water in 760 mm long, 100 mm wide. vertical test sections with 2, 3 and 5 mm channel gaps. Tests were systematically performed with downward liquid superficial velocities and upward gas velocities covering 0 to 0.08 and 0 to 2.5 m/s ranges. respectively. the experimental results were compared with the previous correlations, which were mainly for round tubes, and the qualitative trends were found to be in good agreements. However the quantitative discrepancies were hardly neglected. as the superficial gas velocities increased, the void fraction increased and the pressure gradient decreased, where the effects of the liquid superficial velocities were infinitesimal. as the gap width of the rectangular channel increased the void fraction and the 2-phase frictional pressure gradient approached those values for the round tubes. Equi-periphery diameter, rather than the hydraulic diameter, seemed to be more effective in the analysis of two-phase flow behavior.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• 제15권7호
• /
• pp.941-950
• /
• 2001

A study of counter-current two-phase flow in narrow rectangular channels has been performed. Two-phase flow regimes were experimentally investigated in a 760mm long and 100mm wide test section with 2.0 and 5.0mm gap widths. The resulting flow regime maps were compared with the existing transition criteria. The experimental data and the transition criteria of the models showed relatively good agreement. However, the discrepancies between the experimental data and the model predictions of the flow regime transition become pronounced as the gap width increased. As the gap width increased the transition gas superficial velocities increased. The critical void fraction for the bubbly-to-slug transition was observed to be about 0.25. The two-phase distribution parameter for the slug flow was larger for the narrower channel. The uncertainties in the distribution parameter could lead to a disagreement in slug-to-churn transition between the experimental findings and the transition criteria. For the transition from churn to annular flow the effect of liquid superficial velocity was found to be insignificant.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국신재생에너지학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.147-151
• /
• 2007

A serpentine channel geometry often used in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell has a strong pressure gradient between adjacent channels in specific regions. The pressure gradient helps some amount of reactant gas penetrate through a gas diffusion layer(GDL). As a result, the overall serpentine flow structure is slightly different from intention of a designer. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of serpentine flow structure on current density distribution. By using a commercial code, STAR-CD, a numerical simulation is performed to analyze the fuel cell with relatively high aspect ratio active area. To increase the accuracy of the numerical simulation, GDL permeabilities are measured with various compression conditions. Three-dimensional flow field and current density distribution are calculated. For the verification of the numerical simulation results, water condensation process in the cathode channel is observed through a transparent bipolar plate. The result of this study shows that the region of relatively low current density corresponds to that of dropwise condensation in cathode channels.