• 한국안전학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

When the fluid energy convert into kinetic energy due to water hammer, the propagation velocity of pressure wave appear. The propagation velocity of pressure wave(1050 m/s) of very fast could be damage to the pipeline system. If the occurrence of water hammer is due to down-pressure, the faster the air exhaust or supply device is needed. it is high Speed Air Valve. In this paper, Each 3.12, 3.13, 3.72, $3.74kg/cm^2$ pipeline pressure were setting, and then executed pressure rapid drop for obtaining a high Speed Air Valve Operating time and pressure change data. the result was that pipe line pressure stabilization time were each 0.98, 1, 1.22, 1.25 sec. In other words, that pressure drop experimental results pipe line pressure was equal to atmospheric pressure without negative pressure After about one second. The study result would be useful to pipe line system stability design because this data could be foresee pressure stabilization time.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2012

This study is to assess the reduction of nonpoint source pollution by applying Best Management Practice (BMP) in Chungju-dam watershed (6,585.1 $km^2$) using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The model was calibrated using 3 years (1998-2000) daily streamflow at 3 locations and monthly water quality of sediment (SS), total nitrogen (T-N) and total phosphorus (T-P) data at 2 locations and validated for another 3 years (2001-2003) data. The 5 BMPs of streambank stabilization, porous gully plugs, recharge structures, terrace, and contour farming were applied to stream and area with the specific criteria of previous researches. Through the parameter sensitivity analysis, the farming practice P-factor and Manning's roughness of stream were sensitive. Overall, the NPS reduction effect was high for streambank stabilization, terrace, and contour farming. At the watershed outlet, the SS, T-P, and T-N were reduced by 64.4 %, 62.8 % and 17.6 % respectively.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.279-285
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• 1999

Retinoids in anti-wrinkle cosmetics are widely used for the treatment of the photoaging skin these days, but very unstable in the presence of water. Multilamellar liquid crystal vesicles consisted of $poly(oxyethylene)_{15}oleyl$ ether $(POE_{15}OE)$ or $poly(oxyethylene)_{15}stearyl$ ether $(POE_{15}SE)$, cetostearyl alcohol (CSA) and cholesterol or oils were prepared to increase the stability of retinyl acetate or retinyl palmitate. $POE_{15}SE-CSA-Water$ systems were more unstable than $POE_{15}SE-CSA-Water$ systems due to the bended structure of oleyl groups. For the modification of vesicles, cholesterol was added. The enthalpy values were decreased reaching to zero and the water permeability of systems was decreased, but the stabilizaton of retinyl acetate was not greatly improved. The stability of retinyl acetate may depend on its location in the structure. Various oils were added for further stabilization and isopropyl myristate was most effective. In practice, retinyl palmitate showed better stability in the same vesicle than retinyl acetate, and the improved vesicles could be used for the anti-wrinkle cosmetics

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.545-551
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• 2011

최근 고품질의 수돗물에 대한 소비자의 요구가 상승함에 따라 상수도 배급수관의 내부 부식에 의한 수질악화 및 부식제어 연구에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 이에 따라 노후 관 교체 사업을 대신하여 수질 관리를 위한 부식 제어 수단을 강구하지 않고서는 근본적인 문제 해결이 이루어질 수 없는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 수질안정화 약품 주입에 의한 상수도관 내부 부식제어 효율을 평가하기 위해 Pilot Plant 실험을 실시하였으며, 부식성제어 효율은 물의 부식성을 나타내는 LSI(Langelier Saturation Index)값에 의해 평가되었다. 실험결과, Pilot Plant에 의해 제조된 반응수는 수질안정화 약품인 액상소석회($Ca(OH)_2$, liquid lime)의 주입으로 부식성이 개선되어 철 용출이 억제되는 효과가 확인되었다. 강관과 동관을 절단하여 제작한 시편의 부식도 측정을 통해 각각 35.4, 44.5%의 부식제어 효과가 있음을 확인하였고 수질안정화 약품이 주입된 Sample관이 더 두터운 부식 생성물 층을 갖고 있는 것으로 밝혀졌으며, 결과적으로 수질안정화 약품을 투입한 배관이 부식 방지 측면에서 안정한 수질을 갖고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2003

The cement-based system among S/S(Solidification/Stabilization) is widely used to treat hazardous wastes. In this study, tannery sludge was solidified to evaluate the stabilization effects of using admixtures in the cement-based S/S. Fly ash as substitute also used to increase the strength of the S/S of hazardous waste. The compressive strength measurement and leaching experiment of chromium metal of solidified mortar were carried out to compare and evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of solidified hazardous waste sludge. From the result of this study, there was increased of compressive strength by using AEW-3(early-hardening AE water reducing agent), and leaching concentration of chromium became low enough to satisfy the regulatory criteria. The successful solidification for the organic contaminant and heavy metal in hazardous waste should enable to treat by cement-based system using early-hardening AE water reducing admixture and fly ash as substituted cement.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.247-252
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• 2009

The objective of this study was the dimensional stabilization of Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) wood by the water-based thermosetting resin. A commercial melamine-formaldehyde resin was impregnated into wood samples and cured. The weight and dimensional change of woods treated by the resin, and the absorption and dimensional behavior of treated woods were investigated. The melamine-formaldehyde resin treatment improved significantly the dimensional stability of pine wood and showed about 40% of antiswelling efficiency. The mechanism of dimensional stabilization was interpreted as the complicated reason, such as bulking effect by the resin in cell wall, mechanical restraint and/or blocking of hygroscopic site by the resin in lumen.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.403-411
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• 1978

Collagen의 model compound인 poly(Gly-Pro-Pro)의 수화에 관해서 empirical ppotential energy 함수를 사용하여 이론적으로 연구하였다. 물 분자와 model compound 간의 상호작용 energy를 최소화시켜서 물 분자들의 위치와 결합 energies를 계산하였다. 다음에는 일차수화층에 물이 붙음으로써 생기는 안정화 energy를 계산하고, 전체 안정화에 기여하는 여러 energy components의 기여도에 대해 논의하였다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.419-428
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• 2011

Recycling as a stabilizer of industrial by-product can be terms of the proper handling of industrial by-product and positive side in terms of recycling of waste. This study was performed to evaluate has the possibility as stabilizer by primary processing Pre-Red Mud and Bio-Solids which are generated as waste in soils contaminated with heavy metals and compared the efficiency with steel slug being applied in an existing site. In evaluation of the arsenic-fixing ability of stabilizer in batch test, Bio-Solids have the similar arsenic-fixing ability with Pre-Red Mud, which shows 17% h igher arsenic-fixing ability than PS Ball. Since the stabilization periods using Bio-Solids and Pre-Red Mud are faster than the PS Ball, they seems to be better stabilizer than PS Ball to decrease the leaching of arsenic in contaiminated soil.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.819-835
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• 2009

In order to investigate the field application of selected stabilization methods(cover soil method, surface and total interval treatment of embankment method) on rice paddies contaminated by heavy metals, column test was carried out with heavy metal-contaminated soils collected from rice paddies around abandoned mine site. Columns were made by acrylic and filled with untreated soil, treated soil mixed with amendments(lime stone and steel refining slag) and uncontaminated cover soil according to the design report. Distilled water was discharged into the columns with the velocity of 1 pore volume/day. During test, pH, EC, and heavy metal concentration were measured in the regular term. The column test result showed that the selected stabilization methods were effective remediation method to stabilize heavy metals in paddy soils, but it was also expected that application of surface treatment methods was required the careful observation on pH variation due to the lowest increment.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.689-707
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• 2016

Soil stabilization is one of the useful method of ground improvement for soil with low bearing capacity and high settlement and unrequired swelling potential. Generally, the stabilization is carried out by adding some solid materials. The main objective of this research was to investigate the feasibility of stabilization of organic soils and sewage sludge to obtain low cost alternative embankment material by the addition of two different slags. Slags were used as a replacement for weak soil at ratios of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, where sewage sludge and organic soil were blended with slags separately. The maximum dry unit weights and the optimum water contents for all soil mixtures were determined. In order to investigate the influence of the slags on the strength of sewage sludge and organic soil, and to obtain the optimal mix design; compaction tests, the California bearing ratio (CBR) test, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test, hydraulic conductivity test (HCT) and pH tests were carried out on slag-soil specimens. Unconfined compressive tests were performed on non-cured samples and those cured at 7 days. The test results obtained from untreated specimens were compared to tests results obtained from soil samples treated with slag. Laboratory tests results indicated that blending slags with organic soil or sewage sludge improved the engineering properties of organic or sewage sludge. Therefore, it is concluded that slag can be potentially used as a stabilizer to improve the properties of organic soils and sewage sludge.