• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

Objectives: This study intends to evaluate the ecological risk of lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and their compounds according to the 2010 action plan on inventory and management for national priority chemicals and provide calculations of risks to the environment. By doing so, we aim to inform risk management measures for the target chemicals. Methods: We conducted species sensitivity distribution (SSD) analysis using the collected ecotoxicity data and obtained predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) for the in-water environment using a hazardous concentration of 5% (HC5) protective of most species (95%) in the environment. Based on the calculated PNECs for aquatic organisms, PNEC values for soil and sediment were calculated using the partition coefficient. We also calculated predicted exposure concentration (PEC) from nation-wide environmental monitoring data and then the hazard quotient (HQ) was calculated using PNEC for environmental media. Results: Ecological toxicity data was categorized into five groups and five species for Pb and four groups and four species for As. Based on the HC5 values from SSD analysis, the PNEC value for aquatic organisms was calculated as 0.40 ㎍/L for Pb and 0.13 ㎍/L for As. PNEC values for soil and sediment calculated using a partition coefficient were 77.36 and 350.50 mg/kg for Pb and 24.20 and 112.75 mg/kg for As. The analysis of national environmental monitoring data showed that PEC values in water were 0.284 ㎍/L for Pb and 0.024 ㎍/L for As, while those in soil and sediment were respectively 45.9 and 44 mg/kg for Pb, and 11.40 and 19.80 mg/kg for As. Conclusions: HQs of Pb and As were 0.70 and 0.18 in water, while those in soil and sediment were 0.59 and 0.13 for Pb and 0.47 and 0.18 for As. With HQs <1 of lead and arsenic in the environment, their ecological risk levels are found to be low.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2004년도 International Conference Global Environmental Problems and their Health Consequences
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• pp.173-177
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• 2004

The acute toxicities of two major anti-pathogenic veterinary medicines, i.e., ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin, and six benzimidazole anthelmintics, i.e., albendazole, thiabendazole, flubendazole, febantel, fenbendazole, and oxfendazole, were evaluated with a marine bacterium, Vibrio fischeri, and invertebrate Daphnia magna. These veterinary medical products have been widely used for farm animals, but their impact on aquatic fauna has seldom been investigated. In general, daphnids responded as much as 3 orders of magnitude more sensitively to the tested pharmaceuticals than the microbes. For Daphnia, the most toxic product among the tested anthelmintics was fenbendazole, followed by flubendazole > albendazole ${\approx}$ febantel > thiabendazole > oxfendazole. Daphnids' EC50 values obtained from 48 to 96 hrs of fenbendazole exposure ranged from 2.7 to 6.3 ug/L. The mixture toxicity of the test pharmaceuticals was generally additive in nature and was well predicted by a concentration addition model. Using the predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) of the benzimidazole derivatives estimated from this study, and predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) of these pharmaceuticals, the risk quotients of each anthelmintics were calculated. Most of the test anthelmintic compounds resulted in risk quotients greater than 1. Especially, risk quotient for fenbendazole was 2,791, which strongly indicates this compound might cause severe ecological consequences, should no future action be taken. This study is the first report on the aquatic toxicities and potential ecological risk of major anthelmintic and antimicrobial veterinary products in Korea. The result of this study provides information necessary for conducting more detailed ecological risk assessment of pharmaceutical products in ambient water and guiding proper management decision.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.41-54
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• 2020

Industrialization and urbanization are modern need and trends. Such trends affect the natural ecosystem of rivers. Indian rivers face such problems in a high ratio. The aim of this study is to investigate the cause and amount of pollution in a tributary river Krishni. Pre-monsoon sampling of Krishni river water was performed as per APHA standard. Water samples were collected from different sites of Krishni river. Physiochemical parameters as well as trace elements concentrations have been analysed and results were compared with BIS-2012, WHO-2017 and EPA-2001 recommendations. The presence of high BOD, COD, TDS and others physiochemical parameters along with heavy metals reveals that tributary is highly polluted owing to industrial and domestic discharge either directly or through drains. High values of these parameters are harmful for the ecological health of the river because it makes survival of aquatic flora and fauna at risk. On the basis of the results obtained by the present study, it was concluded that level of the pollution in river Krishni is at alarming phase, where if strong action for the rejuvenation of river not takes place, river becomes a dead pool.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.199-207
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• 2015

우리나라 항구 주변에는 입 출항하는 선박으로 인하여 해상교통흐름이 복잡하다. 이러한 선박통항의 안전과 효율성을 증진하기 위해 우리나라에서는 해상교통관제 서비스를 시행하고 있다. 24시간 쉴 틈이 없는 해상교통 관제사들의 노력에도 불구하고 관제구역 내에서의 충돌사고는 지속적으로 발생하고 있으며, 위험 상황이 약 20분에 1회씩 발생하고 있는 것으로 분석되어 그 위험성은 크다고 할 수 있다. 이러한 사고는 선박운항 및 해상교통관제 정보 제공 시 충돌 위험에 대한 안전 기준을 적시에 제공함으로써 사고를 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 조사되었다. 이에 본 연구는 선박의 충돌위험도를 선박운항자의 관점에서 평가할 수 있는 모델을 이용하여 그 위험을 선박의 속도, 침로 등을 조정하여 각 교통 상황별 충돌 위험도를 사전에 예측 할 수 있는 위험도 예측 모듈을 개발하였다. 이 모듈을 이용하여 선박운항자 및 관제사는 복잡한 교통 상황에서 위험요소를 쉽게 식별 할 수 있어, 가까운 장래의 위험 정도의 변화를 선박침로 및 속력변경 등을 제시할 수 있는 등의 적절한 피항조치를 취할 수 있다. 이 모듈의 효용성을 검증하기 위해 부산항 해역을 대상으로 조우 상황별 위험도를 예측 후 구체적인 침로 및 속력 변경에 따른 위험도 변화를 식별할 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.22-40
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• 2008

Unnatural working postures usually cause musculoskeletal problems for workers in work field, especially in traditional industry. Many analysis and survey methodologies have been developed to identify unnatural postures and disorder risks in workplaces. The Ovako Working Posture Analyzing System (OWAS) and Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) are the representative methods and applied widely. This study applied the both tools to investigate the work field of a manufacturing factory of the water heater's case. We divided the manufacturing process into nine workshops, took the pictures of working motions by DV camera and analyzed the postures on OWAS. From the OW AS results, we could identify the risks level of musculoskeletal symptoms as four Action Categories (AC). And from the comparison of OWAS and NMQ results, we could provide the suggestions to improve the working methods and environment. From the results of OWAS, we found that the operators' head/neck and back were above AC3 in some workshops. If the situation continued in long period, the operators might have the risk to get musculoskeletal symptoms. From the investigation of NMQ, we also found that the percentage of aches on neck, shoulders and lower back were higher than other parts of body. The correlation between aches and jobs was more than 75%. So we provided some suggestions to improve: work rotation and adjustment of work surface/height to fit in with Ergonomics. Then the risks of musculoskeletal symptoms would be reduced.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.823-829
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• 2002

The thrombosis importantly came to the front as the risk factor of these circulation system's disease. SilsoSanGami(SSG) was used for investigating the inhibitory effect on platelet-activating factor-induced platelet aggregation about drugs that used to improvement various symptoms created by the thrombosis in oriental medicine. In this study, the water-extracted SSG was investigated for its possible antithrombotic action on platelets. The antithrombotic activity of water-extracted SSG was deduced from its ability to suppress platelet aggregation, ATP-exocytosis, and the generation of prostaglandin E₂ and thromboxane A₂ by human platelets, stimulated with arachidonic acid. Water-extracted SSG dose-dependently suppressed the aggregation of human platelets, the release of endogenous ATP, and the formation of PGE₂ and TXB₂, both the latter usually detected to estimate the activity of COX and TXS, respectively. Since the IC/sub 50/ values necessary to inhibit COX (115 ㎍/㎖ SSG) and TXS(74 ㎍/㎖ SSG) were in the same range, inhibition of COX is suggested to be the primary target of water-extracted SSG, thus suppressing the formation of PGE₂ which is metabolized by TXS to TXA₂. We considerated that SSG has practical applicational value of clinical trial in the thrombosis caused by platelet aggregation.

• 지질공학
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.295-306
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• 2009

본 연구는 지하수, 토양, 대기의 노출경로에 따라서 부산광역시 사상공단의 지하수와 토양이 인체와 환경에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 토양과 대기의 노출경로에 따른 발암 위해는 나타나지 않았으나, 지하수에서는 TCE와 PCE의 발암 위해성이 각각의 기준 한계값인 1.0E-6과 1.0E-5에 대해서 각각 6.7E-6과 1.0E-5로 나타나 발암 위해가 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 대기에서는 비발암성 위해가 나타나지 않았다. 토양의 위해계수와 위해지수는 각각 3.4E-5와 5E-5로서 기준 한계값(1.0) 보다 낮게 나타났으나, 지하수의 위해계수와 위해지수는 각각 0.7 (위해성이 없음)과 1.4(위해성이 있음)로 나타났다. TCE의 최소성분감소비(CRF)는 2.5로서 TCE의 정화작업이 요구된다. 18개의 노출인자에 대한 민감도 분석 결과, 8개의 노출 인자(비 발암 물질에 대한 평균 수명, 발암 물질에 대한 평균 수명, 체중, 노출기간, 노출빈도, 피부노출빈도, 토양 섭취율, 물 섭취율)의 변화에 따라서 위해도가 변화하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.136-143
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• 2018

In this study, we conducted a pilot study on the multiple spurious operations (MSO) analysis in the fire probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) of domestic nuclear power plant (NPP) to identify the degree of influence of the operator actions used in the MSO mitigation strategies. The MSO scenario of the domestic reference NPP selected for this study is refueling water tank (RWT) drain down event. It could be caused by spurious operations of the containment spray system (CSS) of the reference NPP. The RWT drain down event can be stopped by the main control room (MCR) operator actions for stopping the operation of CSS pump or closing the CSS motor operated valve if the containment spray actuation signal (CSAS) is spuriously actuated. Outside the MCR, it can be stopped by operator actions for closing the CSS manual valves or motor operated valve or stopping the operation of CSS pump. The quantification result of a fire PSA model that takes into account all recovery actions for the RWT drain down event lead to risk reduction by about 95%, compared with quantification result of fire PSA model without considering them. Among the various operator actions, the recovery action for the spurious CSAS operations and the operator action for the manual valve are identified as the most important operator actions. This study quantitatively showed the extent to which the operator actions used as MSO countermeasures have affected the fire PSA quantification results. In addition, we can see the rank of importance among the operator recovery actions in quantitative terms.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2007

Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In our case study using animal models for disease states such as obesity or hypertension, we found that, Isaria sinclairii remarkably reduced body weight and ameliorated metabolic abnormalities in Zucker and SHR rats. Genetically obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats were one animal model chosen for this study. Four groups of rats received a standard diet and were treated orally with the following test samples daily for 8 weeks: saline (negative control), ethanol extracts of I. sinclairii, hot water extract of I. sinclairii, or $Xenical^{(R)}$ (30 mg/kg, positive control). Mild reductions (6.3%) in body weight gain were observed in the groups treated with the hot water extract of I. sinclairii compared to the control after 8 weeks. Interestingly, organ weight was greatly reduced by this Dongchunghacho (I. sinclairii), in parallel with the mild reductions in body weight gain and reductions in abdominal fat (adipose tissue). Also observed was a 4.1 % decrease in the ratio of heart weight/body weight compared to the control group. As a hypertensive animal model, SHR (spontaneously hypertensive rat) and WKY (Wistar Kyoto) rats were also administered these extracts for one month. Treatment with the hot water extract of I. sinclairii caused greater reductions in body weight gain for the SHR group (10.9%) compared to the WKY group's (5.2%). Based on these results, I. sinclairii extracts contain selective action for anti-obesity activity, naturally occurring candidate for regulation of body weight increase, as demonstrated in the present study.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.8-17
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• 2003

Water extract (kwath) of six different widely used Ayurvedic medicinal plants were tested in mice for possible neuropharmacological efficacy. In the present experiments it was observed that a number of plant tested causes a significant level of Central Nervous System (CNS) depression, in that it significantly decreased the spontaneous Motor activity, and also lowered the exploratory behavior of the treated animals. Terminalia chebula (HAA), Terminalia bellerica (BHA), Emblica officinalis (AA), Piper longum 1. (PP). exhibited depressant action of on the CNS. Apart from them a mild to moderate degree of depression was evident as a consequence of administration of Zingiber officinale Rosc (SUT), Piper nigrum L. (MRC). However, none of the plant tested did not exhibit significant effects on pentobarbital induced narcosis, and this indicated that the sedating effects of the drug was not associated with the risk of fatal consequences on overdose.