• 대기
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.269-282
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• 2019

While it is important to obtain the accurate information on snowfall data due to the increase in damage caused by the heavy snowfall in the winter season, it is not easy to observe the snowfall quantitatively. Recently, snow measurements using a weighing precipitation gauge have been carried out, but there is a problem that high snowfall intensity results in low accuracy. Also, the observed snowfall data are sensitive depending on wind speed, temperature, and humidity. In this study, a new process of quality control for snow water equivalent (SWE) data of the weighing precipitation gauge were proposed to cover the low accuracy of snow data and maximize the data utilization. Snowfall data (SWE) observed by Pluvio, Parsivel, snow-depth meter using laser or ultrasonic, and rainfall gauge in Cloud Physics Observation Site (CPOS) were compared and analyzed. Applying the QC algorithm including the use of number of hydrometeor particles as reference, the increased SWE per the unit time was determined and the data noise was removed and marked by flag. The SWE data converted by the number concentration of hydrometeor particles are tested as a method to restore the QC-removed data, and show good agreement with those of the weighing precipitation gauge, though requiring more case studies. The three events data for heavy snowfall disaster in Pyeongchang area was analyzed. The SWE data with improved quality was showed a good correlation with the eye-measured data ($R^2$ > 0.73).

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.316-328
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• 2023

In this study, the characteristics of nonpoint pollutant outflow and contribution rate of pollution in Songya-stream mainstream and tributaries were analyzed. Further, water pollution management and improvement measures for pollution-oriented rivers were proposed. An on-site investigation was conducted to determine the inflow of major pollutants into the basin, and it was found that pollutants generated from agricultural land and livestock facilities flowed into the river, resulting in a high concentration of turbid water. Based on the analysis results of the pollution load data calculated through actual measurement monitoring (flow and water quality) and the occurrence and emission load data calculated using the national pollution source survey data, the S3 and S6 were selected as the concerned pollution tributaries in the Songya-stream basin. Results of cluster analysis using Pearson correlation coefficient evaluation and Density based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) technique showed that the S3 and S6 were most consistent with the C2 cluster (a cluster of Songya-stream mainstream owned area) corresponding to the mainstream of Songya-stream. The analysis results of the major pollutants in the concerned pollution tributaries showed that livestock and land pollutants were the major pollutants. Consequently, optimal management techniques such as fertilizer management, water gate management in paddy, vegetated filter strip and livestock manure public treatment were proposed to reduce livestock and land pollutants.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.155-166
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• 2008

마산만의 해양 수질과 영양염에 대한 정량적인 이변량 공간패턴 분석을 수행하기 위하여 비공간 상관성 측정 방법으로 Pearson's r, 공간적 연관성 측정 방법으로 Moran's I 및 이 두 지수를 통합한 L 지수를 각각 적용하였다. L 지수에 내포된 비공간 상관성과 공간 연관성의 특성을 파악하기 위해 Pearson's r와 Moran's I 지수를 각각 3가지 유형으로 구분한 후, 이들을 조합하여 9가지 유형으로 정의하였다. 또한 L 지수의 사분위수를 이용하여 9가지 유형에 대해 중복되지 않는 L 지수의 범위를 도출한 결과 9가지 유형이 5개의 그룹으로 분류되었다. 이러한 L 지수를 마산만 해양환경패턴에 적용한 결과에 의하면 이변량의 해양수질과 영양염이 2월과 7월에는 공간적인 연관성과는 무관하게 비공간적으로 상관성이 없는 패턴을 보였지만, 5월과 11월에는 정적 또는 부적 상관성이 있으면서 공간적으로는 군집된 패턴을 보였다. L 지수로 이변량의 비공간 상관성과 공간적 연관성을 해석하기 위한 지침을 제시한 본 연구의 결과는 향후 정량적인 지수를 이용한 해양환경패턴 분석에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.142-155
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• 2013

들깨분말을 기능성 식품으로 이용하기 위하여 들깨분말 첨가비율을 달리하여 만든 반죽의 물성특성과 식빵을 제조한 후 물리화학적, 기계적, 관능적 품질특성을 분석하여 들깨분말을 첨가한 식빵의 최적의 배합비를 찾고 기능성 재료로 가능성을 확인하였다. 들깨분말의 일반성분은 수분함량은 6.60%, 조단백은 23.04%, 조지방은 51.62%, 조회분 함량은 3.46%로 나타났다. 들깨분말 첨가 식빵 반죽의 sedimentation value와 pelshenke value는 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였다. Farinograph 측정 결과 반죽의 consistency, water absorption와 tolerance index은 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하였고 stability와 time breakdown은 감소 하였다. Amylograph 측정 결과 pasting temperature, peak viscosity, hot past viscosity, final viscosity, breakdown과 setback은 첨가물이 증가될수록 감소하였다. 들깨 식빵의 굽기 손실률과 비용적은 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 색도는 L값과 b값은 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였고 a값은 증가하였다. Texture 측정 결과 경도는 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하였고 응집성, 탄력성과 씹힘성은 감소하였다. 기호도 검사는 15% 첨가군이 색, 향, 맛, 외관, 질감이 가장 좋게 나타났으며 전체적인 기호도는 15% 첨가군이 가장 좋게 나타났다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.146-152
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• 1996

1. 호박죽의 최적 배합비율, 호박죽 제조시 호박:물:찹쌀가루:팥:강낭콩:소금:설탕의 최적 재료배합 비율은 호박 400g, 물 600cc, 찹쌀가루 40g, 팥 30g, 강낭콩 30g, 소금 4g, 설탕 10g 이었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.7-18
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• 2019

This study aimed to assess the impact of livestock excreta discharged from an Intensive Livestock Farming Area (ILFA) on river water quality during a rainfall event. The Bangcho River, which is one of the 7 tributaries in the Cheongmi River watershed, was the study site. The Cheongmi River watershed is the second largest area for livestock excreta discharge in Korea. Our results clearly showed that, during the rainfall event, the water quality of the Bangcho River was severely deteriorated due to the COD, $NH_4-N$, T-N, $PO_4-P$, T-P, and heavy metals (Cu, Zn, and Mn) in the run-off from nearby farmlands, where the soil comprised composted manure and unmanaged livestock excreta. In addition, stable isotope analysis revealed that most of nitrogen ($NH_4-N$ and $NO_3-N$) in the run-off was from the ammonium and nitrate in the livestock excreta. The values of ${\delta}^{15}N_{NH4}$ and ${\delta}^{15}N_{NO3}$ for the Bangcho River water sample, which was obtained from the downstream of mixing zone for run-off water, were lower than those for the run-off water. This indicates that there were other nitrogen sources upstream river in the river. It was assumed from ${\delta}^{15}N_{NH4}$ and ${\delta}^{15}N_{NO3}$ stable isotope analyses that these other nitrogen sources were naturally occurring soil nitrogen, nitrogen from chemical fertilizers, sewage, and livestock excreta. Therefore, the use of physicochemical characteristics and nitrogen stable isotopes in the water quality impact assessment enabled more effective analysis of nitrogen pollution from an ILFA during rainfall events.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.353-362
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• 2023

TOC는 수중에 있는 유기물질의 90% 이상을 측정할 수 있으며 신속하고 용이하게 측정할 수 있기 때문에 기존에 사용된 유기오염물질의 지표인 BOD와 COD를 대체하고 있다. 수질오염공정시험기준에 따라 TOC를 측정할 때, 시료의 총탄소 중 무기탄소 비율이 50% 이상일 경우 NPOC법으로 분석하고, 휘발성유기화합물이 수 mg/L 이상일 경우 가감(TC-IC)법으로 분석하도록 규정되어 있다. 이러한 분석조건의 제한성을 검증하기 위해 정제수에 총유기탄소와 무기성 탄소의 비율이 다르게 하여 시험용액에서 총유기 탄소 농도결과를 확인하였는데 가감법과 NPOC법에서 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 휘발성유기화합물 표준 용액을 첨가한 시료를 측정한 결과, NPOC법으로 분석할 때에 퍼징으로 인해 유실되는 탄소량은 크지 않은 것으로 나타나 시료에 휘발성유기화합물이 존재 시 분석방법에 따른 차이는 크지 않은 것으로 판단된다. 수질오염공정시험기준과 환경측정기기의 형식승인·정도검사 등에 관한 고시의 기준에 의한 판정 결과가 달라지는 경우를 판단하기 위해 국내에서 널리 사용하고 있는 2종류의 총유기탄소분석기의 현장시료 농도값 차를 비교한 결과, 제조사에 따라 NPOC법과 가감법에서 0.02~0.83 mg/L 차이가 있었으며, 이에 따라 기기 선정시 주의가 필요할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.492-498
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• 2008

This study investigated the quality characteristics of the white pan bread prepared with pomegranate powder. Three different powder concentration levels of 1%, 2% and 3% were added to flour to make the bread. The contents of moisture and crude fat contents of the bread added with to which pomegranate powder was added were lower than that of the control group. However, the ash content was not did not significantly different differ significantly among groups. The pH increased with increasing concentrations of pomegranate powder concentration. The weight of bread increased with increasing concentrations of pomegranate powder concentration, while whereas the volume and baking loss rate of bread concomitantly decreased. In terms of color values, with increase increases in of the concentration of pomegranate powder concentration, induced a reduction in the L value decreased, but and a concomitant increase in the a and b values increased. The water activity in the bread decreased by with increasing pomegranate powder concentration, and was the highest in the control group. In the Upon texture analyzer measurement analysis, the hardness of the bread was shown to increased increase with increases of in the concentration of pomegranate powder concentration, but the springiness decreased. In the With regard to the results of sensory evaluation, the quality of the 1% pomegranate powder bread showed the evidenced the highest in taste, flavor, and overall acceptability. The color, appearance, mouth feel, and texture of the bread decreased with the increasing pomegranate powder content concentrations. From According to the results of this study, the white bread prepared with 1% pomegranate powder content was shown judged to have the best highest quality.

• 대기
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.307-320
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• 2013

We performed comprehensive quality control for eddy-covariance measurements from 3 farmland sites and 1 industrial site adjacent to Nakdong river. The quality control program is based on Foken and Wichura (1996) and Vicker and Mahrt (1997) and we added criteria for trend and standard deviation for scalar variables and modified criteria for non-stationarity condition of Foken and Wichura (1996) to consider random error of fluxes. The classification of data quality is designed for the raw data and the processed flux data, separately. Use of added criteria efficiently reduces the number of outlier for water vapor and $CO_2$ fluxes and use of modified criteria for non-stationarity reduces the number of outlier for scalar fluxes and increases the number of data with accepted quality for further work. Energy balance ratio is higher in farmlands than industrial site, which is due to neglect of heat storage term in industrial site. Among farmland sites, C4 site shows higher energy balance ratio than other sites. This is due to more homogeneous surface of C4 site than other farmland sites. However, energy balance ratio is very low or even negative at night. Mismatch between the flux footprint and the other energy component footprint over the heterogeneous surface is main cause for energy imbalance at night. Other possible causes are also discussed.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.1485-1494
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• 2023

The bow of the nuclear fuel assembly is a well-known phenomenon. One of the vital criteria during the history of nuclear fuel development has been fuel assembly's mechanical stability. Once present, the fuel assembly bow can lead to safety issues like excessive water gap and power redistribution or even incomplete rod insertion (IRI). The extensive bow can result in assembly handling and loading problems. This is why the fuel assembly's bow is one of the most often controlled geometrical factors during periodic fuel inspections for VVER when compared e.g. to on-site fuel rod gap measurements or other instrumental measurements performed on-site. Our proposed screening method uses existing video records for fuel inspection. We establish video frames normalization and aggregation for the purposes of bow measurement. The whole process is done by digital image processing algorithms which analyze rotations of video frames, extract angles whose source is the fuel set torsion, and reconstruct torsion schema. This approach provides results comparable to the commonly utilized method. We tested this new approach in real operation on 19 fuel assemblies with different campaign numbers and designs, where the average deviation from other methods was less than 2 % on average. Due to the fact, that the method has not yet been validated during full scale measurements of the fuel inspection, the preliminary results stand for that we recommend this method as a complementary part of standard bow measurement procedures to increase measurement robustness, lower time consumption and preserve or increase accuracy. After completed validation it is expected that the proposed method allows standalone fuel assembly bow measurements.