• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1100-1111
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• 2011

Two experiments under sham feeding conditions were conducted to determine whether or not ruminal distension brought about by feed boluses entering the rumen is a factor in the marked suppression of feed intake after 40 min of feeding. In experiment 1, a comparison was made between the intraruminal insertion of a water filled balloon (RIB) treatment and normal control (non-insertion of a balloon, NIB). In experiment 2, saliva lost due to sham feeding conditions was replenished via an intraruminal infusion of iso-osmotic artificial saliva. A comparison of dry forage intake was then conducted between the intraruminal replenishment of iso-osmotic artificial saliva and insertion of a balloon (RRIAS-RIB) treatment, and the intraruminal replenishment of iso-osmotic artificial saliva and non-insertion of a balloon (RRIAS-NIB) control. In experiment 1, eating rates in the RIB treatment 30 min after the commencement of feeding tended to be lower than those in the NIB control. In comparison with the NIB control, cumulative dry forage intake in the RIB treatment was 29.7% less (p<0.05) upon conclusion of the 2 h feeding period. The secreted saliva weight in the NIB control and the RIB treatment during the 2 h feeding period was 53.2% and 60.9% total weight of the boluses, respectively. In experiment 2, eating rates in the RRIAS-RIB treatment 30 min after the commencement of feeding was significantly lower (p<0.05) than those in the RRIAS-NIB control. Cumulative dry forage intake in the RRIAS-RIB treatment was a significant 45.5% less (p<0.05) compared with that in the RRIAS-NIB control upon conclusion of the 2 h feeding period. The secreted saliva weight in the RRIAS-NIB control and the RRIAS-RIB treatment during the 2 h feeding period was 54.1% and 64.2% total weight of the boluses, respectively. The level of decrease in dry forage intake in the RRIAS-RIB treatment of experiment 2 was larger than that in the RIB treatment of experiment 1. In the present experiments, due to the sham feeding conditions, the increases in osmolality of ruminal fluid and plasma, and a decrease in ruminal fluid pH which are normally associated with feeding were not observed. The results indicate that the marked decrease in feed intake observed in the second hour of the 2 h feeding period is related to ruminal distension caused by the feed consumed and the copious amount of saliva secreted during dry forage feeding.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.647-650
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• 1996

Fifteen sheep were used in a trial which compared the feeding value of whole barley gain and cottonseed cake as supplements to a basal diet of leaves of fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens). Diet SB contained 700 g (air-dry matter) of saltbush alone, diet SB + BG contained 700 g SB with 400 g whole barley grain and diet SB + CS contained 700 g SB with 400 g cottonseed cake. The digestibility of the dry matter of diets SB (69%) and SB + CS (70%) were lower (p < 0.001) than of diet SB + BG (76%). Sheep offered SB alone daily lost 80g whereas those fed the other diets gained 11 g (SB + CS) or 17 g (SB + BG) per day. Daily water consumption of the sheep offered the three diets was similar (p > 0.05), but their water consumption was higher (p < 0.001) than that of sheep offered daily 700 g wheat straw and 200 g barley grain. The results indicate that, at the levels of feeding used, barley grain and cottonseed cake had similar value as supplements to fourwing saltbush harvested in summer. The addition of the supplement allowed the sheep to gain some live weight. However, the presence of saltbush leaves in the diet resulted in higher water intakes by the sheep.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.709-713
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• 2009

Water pollution of coast has a significant impact on the fish farm and fisheries. For solving the water pollution problems the fish farms are moving to the open sea. The fish farms in open sea have to operate by the automatic feeding system and remote monitoring system for safety and management. This paper describes an automatic feeding system for fish farms in open sea. Water temperature and fish weight will change depending on the amount of feed. And the fish farm temperature is changed extremely in open sea than on land side. This paper described that the feed amount is calculated automatically according to temperature, fish weight, and the automatic feed system. And the performance of automatic feed system is verified with test model for operation test.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.682-687
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• 2018

This study investigated the food value of Paracyclopina nana for flounder Paralichthys olivaceus larvae in two feeding stages, rotifer (for 12 days) and Artemia (for 16 days). In the rotifer feeding stage, survival and growth of flounder larvae in the only P. nana (nauplii) feeding experiment were higher than in the only rotifer feeding experiment on 12 DAH (days after hatching). In the Artemia feeding stage, the growth of flounder larvae in the only P. nana (C4-adult) feeding experiment and mixture feeding experiment (P. nana+Artemia) were higher than in other experiments on 30 DAH, but the survival of flounder larvae did not differ significantly among experiments. The n-3 HUFA contents of nauplius and C4-adult were 4.0% and 5.4%, respectively. Overall the results of this study indicate that the brackish water cyclopoid copepod, P. nana, is an effective live food organism for larval seedling production of marine fish.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.168-177
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• 2019

This study was conducted to examine the impact of various environmental factors on the feeding behavior of black-faced spoonbills Platalea minor known to use rice fields during the breeding season. We surveyed the rice fields three times a month from April to June 2017 and from April to June 2018. We counted the number of black-faced spoonbills and measured the environmental factors such as the water depth, paddy type by cultivation stage, and biomass of potential prey that are expected to affect black-faced spoonbills. We also filmed the feeding behavior of black-faced spoonbills to examine differences in feeding behavior by environmental factors. The survey showed that the number of black-faced spoonbills reached its peak from late April to late May which was the breeding period. Among a total of 308 black-faced spoonbills observed, 86.4% (n=266) were observed feeding on rice paddies, 90.6% (n=279) were adults, and none was observed on dry paddies. The biomass of rice paddy increased significantly since May when fish started hatching, and there was a significant difference in the amount of biomass between the rice paddies where black-faced spoonbills were observed and other rice paddies. The analysis of the feeding behavior of black-faced spoonbills showed that the feeding efficiency and feeding success rate of black-faced spoonbills increased significantly when the amount of biomass soared and that the number of steps of black-faced spoonbills per minute increased greatly after rice planting was completed. The number of bill sweeping was not related to the feeding efficiency, feeding success rate, and paddy type by cultivation stage.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.7-13
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• 1975

In the classic point of view, it has well known that the tangle is the mineral source, especially iodide. However, there are few reports that the tangle can be used the high-protein source. With the consideration whether the tangle can be used as a protein source as well as one of the foodstuff or not, this studies is done by animal experiment. The Albino rats to be examined were fed on the basal diet (Table 1) and the others including the polished tangle by weight 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%, as experimental diets, for 4 weeks, respectively. The weight gain(Fig. 1), total amount of diet intake (Fig. 2), total water intake(Fig. 3), feed efficiency ratio (Fig. 4) and protein efficiency ratio (Fig. 5) was measured by each week, respectively. In addition, organ weight (Fig. 6) and blood study (Fig. 7, Fig. 8) was also analyzed at the end of the experiment. As the results of this study, growth rate, that is, weight gain, feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio in all experimental groups increased more than those of the control group. Moreover, it was also found that weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio by feeding on the 2 percent tangle group was higher than the corresponding values of all experimental groups. However, feed intake and total water gain were the most by feeding on the 5% tangle group. This result may be interpreted to show that the total content of sodium includes more than enough in the feed intakes. To obtain further information concerning the effect of the tangle-dietary conditions on the growth rate of Albino rats, it was measured the organ weight. In the adrenal and spleen, the total weight by feeding on the all experimental groups were decreased more than that in the case of the control group. In the other hand, in the liver the weight by feeding on the high concentration groups (4%, 5% tangle diets) were not higher than the control group, while in the case of the low concentration groups (2%, 3% tangle diets) were higher than that of the control group. When it was observed the blood components, total protein, hemoglobin, sodium, potassium, white blood cell and red blood cell of rats, the content of white blood cell by feeding on all experimental groups were lower than that by feeding on the control group, but it was also clear that in the other components except white blood cell in blood the contents by feeding on all experimental groups were similar to that in the case of the control groups. However, in the 5% tangle group, the content of sodium was the lowest of all experimental groups, where as the content of potassium was the highest of all experimental groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.16-22
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• 2002

Combustion performance of an internally cycloned circulating fluidized bed for paper sludge was discussed through a series of batch type experiments. Operation parameters such as water content, feeding mass of sludge and secondary air injection rate were varied to find out the effect on the combustion performance, which was examined with carbon conversion rate and pollutant emission such as CO and NOx. A conventional solid fuel reaction was observed in the experiments of varying water content and feeding mass of the sludge, which is characterized with kinetic limited reaction zone, diffusion limited reaction zone and transition zone. Secondary air injection with swirl enhances the mixing of the gas phase as well as the solid phase, and improves combustion efficiency accompanied with higher carbon conversion rate and lower pollutant emission rate.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.167-176
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• 2020

The automated fish feed system currently used in Korea supplies a certain amounts of feed to water tanks at a certain time. This automated system can reduce the labor cost of managing aqua farms, but it is very difficult to control intelligently and appropriately the amount of expensive feed that is critical to aqua farm productivity. In this paper, we propose the FIIFF Inference Model( Fuzzy Inference-based Intelligent Fish Feeding Model) that can solves the problems of these existing automatic fish feeding devices and maximizes the efficiency of feed supply while properly maintaining the growth rate of fish in aqua farms. The proposed FIIFF inference model has the advantage of being able to control feed amounts appropriately since it computes the amount of feed using the current water environments and fish activity state of the aqua farms. The result of the feed amount yield experiment with the proposed FIIFF Inference Model represents the effect of saving 14.8% over the eight months of actual feed amount in the aqua farm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.553-560
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• 2015

The feeding habits of the Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis were examined based on the stomach contents of 330 specimens caught by offshore large purse seine fishery in the southern sea of Korea, 2011. The size of Pacific bluefin tuna used in this study ranged from 34.1 to 67.3 cm in fork length (FL). The percentage of empty stomachs was 41.8%. The main prey items were Pisces and Cephalopoda based on percentage IRI (index of relative importance). The main fish preys were Trachurus japonicus, Bregmaceros japonicus, Engraulis japonicus, and Cephalopoda were Todarodes pacificus, Loligo edulis, Watasenia scintillans. T. orientalis showed ontogenetic change in diet composition. Although Pisces dominated the diet of all length classes the portion of Cephalopoda was relatively higher in size between 40 and 50 cm other than length classes. In terms of seasonal variation in feeding habits, Pisces was the main prey group in all seasons, but Cephalopoda was also frequently consumed during spring and autumn based on %IRI.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2016

The feeding habits of juvenile (14.0~29.0 mm SL) of Gymnogobius heptacanthus were examined based on 229 individuals, that collected from June to August 2011 in the coastal water of Geoje, Korea. G. heptacanthus fed mainly on copepods which constituted 96.74% in IRI. Barnacle larvae were the second largest dietary component. Its diet also included small quantities of tintinnids, cladocerans and decapods. Graphical analysis of the diet composition showed that G. heptacanthus is a specialized predator characterized by strong individual feeding specialization. Especially copepods were heavily selected by of juvenile G. heptacanthus regardless of prey availability.