• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.538-543
• /
• 2012

The Maillard Reaction Products (MRPs) are chemical compounds which have been known to be effective in chemoprevention. Death receptors (DR) play a central role in directing apoptosis in several cancer cells. In our previous study, we demonstrated that (E)-2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal, a MRP product, inhibited human colon cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis via nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$) inactivation and $G_2$/M phase cell cycle arrest. In this study, (E)-2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal diacetate, a new (E)-2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal derivative, was synthesized to improve their solubility and stability in water and then evaluated against NCI-H460 and A549 human lung cancer cells. (E)-2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal diacetate reduced the viability in both cell lines in a time and dose-dependent manner. We also found that (E)-2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal diacetate increased apoptotic cell death through the upregulation of the expression of death receptor (DR)-3 and DR6 in both lung cancer cell lines. In addition to this, the transfection of DR3 siRNA diminished the growth inhibitory and apoptosis inducing effect of (E)-2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal diacetate on lung cancer cells, however these effects of (E)-2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal diacetate was not changed by DR6 siRNA. These results indicated that (E)-2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal diacetate inhibits human lung cancer cell growth via increasing apoptotic cell death by upregulation of the expression of DR3.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.231-242
• /
• 2011

Recently, the green spaces in the urban areas were greatly reduced due to urbanization and industrialization. As urban structures such as roads and buildings are built, the amount of impervious area within a watershed increases. High impervious surfaces are the common causes of high runoff volumes as the soil infiltration capacity decreases and the volume and rate of runoff increase thereby decreasing the groundwater recharge. These effects are causing many environmental problems, such as floods and droughts, climate change, heat island phenomenon, drying streams, etc. Most cities attempted to reduce sewer overflows by separating combined sewers, expanding treatment capacity or storage within the sewer system, or by replacing broken or decaying pipes. However, these practices can be enormously expensive than combined sewer overflows. Therefore, in order to improve these practices, alternative methods should be undertaken. A new approach termed as "Low Impact Development (LID)" technology is currently applied in developed countries around the world. The purpose of this study was to effectively manage runoff by adopting the LID techniques. Small Constructed Wetland(Horizontal Subsurface Flow, HSSF) Pilot-scale reactors were made in which monitoring and experiments were performed to investigate the efficiency of the system in removing pollutants from runoff. Based on the results of the Pilot-plant experiments, TSS, $COD_{Cr}$, TN, TP, Total Pb removal efficiency were 95, 82, 35, 91 and 57%, respectively. Most of the pollutants were reduced after passing the settling tank and the vertical filter media. The results of this study can contribute to the conservation of aquatic ecosystems and restoration of natural water cycle in the urban areas.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.9 no.9
• /
• pp.919-925
• /
• 1999

Grain boundary characteristics and corrosion behavior of Alloy 600 material were investigated using the concept of grain boundary control by thermomechanical treatment(TMT). The grain boundary character distribution (GBCD) was analyzed by electron backscattered diffraction pattern. The effects of GBeD variation on intergranular at tack(JGA) and primary water stress corrosion cracking(PWSeC) were also evaluated. Changes in the fraction of coinci dence site lattice(CSL) boundaries in each cycle of TMT process were not distinguishable, but the total eSL boundary frequencies for TMT specimens increased about 10% compared with those of the commercial Alloy 600 material. It was found from IGA tests that the resistance to IGA was improved by TMT process. However, it was found from PWSCC test that repeating of TMT cycles resulted in the gradual decrease of the time to failure and the maximum load due to change in grain boundary characteristics, while the average crack propagation rate of primary crack increased mainly due to suppression of secondary crack propagation. It is considered that these corrosion characteristics in TMT specimens is attributed to 'fine tuning of grain boundary' mechanism.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.161-165
• /
• 2009

To evaluate the efficiency of the decontamination plant for the removal of uranium compounds deposited on the internal surface of $UF_6$ cylinder for its reuse, two demonstration tests of the plant with different ratio of ${Na_2}{CO_3}$ and ${H_2}{O_2}$ were carried out, and each test had 5 steps. The main chemical form removed by the tests was to be identified as ${Na_4}{UO_2}(CO_3)_3$. More than 50% of uranium was removed by water of the first step, and at the following steps the removal amounts were exponentially decreased. On the other hand, the result shows that the injected amount of ${Na_2}{CO_3}$, compared with that of the removed uranium, was stoichiometrically excessed. This suggests that the injected amounts of ${Na_2}{CO_3}$, the generation rate of decontaminated waste, and the decontamination steps could be reduced by a process optimization of the plant.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.91-100
• /
• 2016

The neutron activation inventories in reactor vessel and its internals, and bio-shield of a PWR nuclear power plant were calculated to evaluate the effect of impurity elements contained in the structural materials on the activation inventory. Carbon steel is, in this work, used as the reactor vessel material, stainless steel as the reactor vessel internals, and ordinary concrete as the bio-shield. For stainless steel and carbon steel, one kind of impurity concentration was employed, and for ordinary concrete five kinds were employed in this study using MCNP5 and FISPACT for the calculation of neutron flux and activation inventory, respectively. As the results, specific activities for the cases with impurity elements were calculated to be more than twice than those for the cases without impurity elements in stainless and carbon steel. Especially, the specific activity for the concrete material with impurity elements was calculated to be 30 times higher than that without impurity. Neutron induced reactions and activation inventories in each material were also investigated, and it is noted that major radioactive nuclide in steel material is Co-60 from cobalt impurity element, and, in concrete material, Co-60 and Eu-152 from cobalt and europium impurity elements, respectively. The results of this study can be used for nuclear decommissioning plan during activation inventory assessment and regulation, and it is expected to be used as a reference in the design phase of nuclear power plant, considering the decommissioning of nuclear power plants or nuclear facilities.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.48 no.5
• /
• pp.371-377
• /
• 2015

Isotopic compositions of precipitation have been used to understand moisture transport in the atmosphere and interactions between precipitation and groundwater. Isotopic compositions of speleothems and ice cores, so called, ''paleoarchives'', can be utilized to interpret climate of the past and global circulation models (GCMs). The GCMs are able to explain the paleoarchives, can be validated by the precipitation isotopes. The developments of stable isotope analyzers make high-resolution isotopic studies feasible. Therefore, a high-resolution study of precipitation isotopes is needed. For this study, precipitation samples were collected for every 5 to 15 minutes, depending on precipitation rates, using an auto-sampler for precipitation isotopes near coastal area. The isotopic compositions of precipitation range from -5.7‰ (-40.1‰) to -10.8‰ (-74.3‰) for oxygen (hydrogen). The slope of ${\delta}^{18}O-{\delta}D$ diagram for the whole period is 6.8, but that of each storm is 5.1, 4.2, 7.9 and 7.7, respectively. It indicates that evaporation occurred during the first two storms, while the latter two storm did not experience any evaporation. The isotopic fractionations of precipitation has significant implications for the water cycle and high-resolution data of precipitation isotopes will be needed for the future studies.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.195-206
• /
• 2017

Recently, Discussion about BIM based LID (Low Impact Development) facilities management system is activated because interest of LID technique for urban water cycle restoration is increasing. For this reason, this paper developed the auto-checking module of the BIM (Building Information Model) based supply output table. This module will be the foundation of the BIM based LID facilities total management system. The research order is composed like next follows: (1) Select target area, (2) Make BIM model of LID facilities and extract supply output table, (3) Develop comparison module, (4) Analysis results. As a result, the authors made 27 LID facilities and developed the supply output table comparison automation module. So, the authors could find differences of 2D design documents based supply output table and BIm based supply output table. So, the authors made an improvement suggestion of the design plan and could construct foundation of the BIM based LID facilities total management system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.13 no.2 s.29
• /
• pp.111-118
• /
• 2007

Simple box budgets models are useful tools to understand the phenomena of natural system and to provide an insight into the complex processes including physical, chemical and biological processes occurring in natural system. Budgets of fresh water, salt and nutrients were estimated in order to clarify the characteristics of seasonal material cycle in the Masan Bay. Outflow volume of freshwater into system was approximately $307.4\times10^3\sim1,210\times10^3\;m^3/day$. Inflow masses of DIP and DIN were approximately $410.8\sim795.7\;kg/day$ and $4081.4\sim6525.3\;kg/day$, respectively. DIN is expected to accumulate in the system. The removal of nutrients from bottom sediments will contribute to the reduction of 21.0% of COD concentration in the system.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
• /
• 1984.09a
• /
• pp.97-105
• /
• 1984

Effect of water extract of red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) from Nagano prefecture on (1) forced exercise in mice using rope climbing test, (2) extinction of memory in hanging stressed mice and rectal temperature during the exposure to hanging stress, (3) sex and learning behavior of chronic hanging stressed mice, (4) sex cycle in the adult female mice using chronic hanging stress, and (5) motor coordination and one trial passive avoidance response in $40\%$ alcohol administered mice using rotar-rod and step-through tests, were studied. Drugs tested were given orally. (1) When it was given before the forced exercise, it potentiated the performance of the forced exercise. When it was given just after the forced exercise once a day for 2 weeks, it protected the mice against the reduction of the performance on the forced exercise. (2) When it was given just after the stress once a day for 4 days, it delayed the extinction of passive avoidance response in both step through and stepdown tests, and protected the stressed mice against the decrease in rectal temperature slightly. (3) It protected the stressed mice against the decrease of sex behaviour and the increase in the failure of performance of passive avoidance response, and delayed the extinction of passive avoidanc

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.96-101
• /
• 2020

In this paper, the commercial feasibility of trigeneration, producing heat, power, and hydrogen (CHHP) and using biogas derived from macroalgae (i.e., seaweed biomass feedstock), are investigated. For this purpose, a commercial scale trigeneration process, consisting of three MW solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), gas turbine, and organic Rankine cycle, is designed conceptually and simulated using Aspen plus, a commercial process simulator. To produce hydrogen, a solid oxide fuel cell system is re-designed by the removal of after-burner and the addition of a water-gas shift reactor. The cost of each unit operation equipment in the process is estimated through the calculated heat and mass balances from simulation, with the techno-economic analysis following through. The designed CHHP process produces 2.3 MW of net power and 50 kg hr^-1 of hydrogen with an efficiency of 37% using 2 ton hr^-1 of biogas from 3.47 ton hr^-1 (dry basis) of brown algae as feedstock. Based on these results, a realistic scenario is evaluated economically and the breakeven electricity selling price (BESP) is calculated. The calculated BESP is ¢10.45 kWh^-1, which is comparable to or better than the conventional power generation. This means that the CHHP process based on SOFC can be a viable alternative when the technical targets on SOFC are reached.