• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of the food waste reducing campaign on food service. For this purpose, the author analyzed the quantity of food waste before and after the Quality Improvement(QI) activity and investigated employees' satisfaction with food service. Statistical data analyses were completed using the SPSS 11.0 program. The results can be summarized as follows : The number of employees who used the food service was 374.29$\pm$25.120 before QI and 332.89$\pm$27.274 after QI, so it decreased significantly after QI. The daily quantity of waste food was 39.52$\pm$3.060kg before QI and 19.58$\pm$4.825kg after QI, so it decreased significantly after QI. The quantity of waste food per person was 105.84$\pm$8.907g before QI and 59.07$\pm$15.125g after QI, so it decreased significantly after QI. Among 7 items related to employees' satisfaction, the taste of food was 3.30$\pm$0.890 before QI and 3.51$\pm$0.665 after QI, so it improved significantly after QI. No significant difference was found in the variety of menus, saltiness, temperature and compatibility of side dishes and tableware hygiene but employees appeared to be more satisfied with these items after QI. Employees' satisfaction with kindness/appearance did not show a significant difference but employees appeared to be less satisfied with it after QI.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2022

본 연구는 유기성 폐기물 중 음식 폐기물의 고형연료제품으로서의 활용 가능성을 평가하기 위해 건조 음식 폐기물의 물리화학적 성질 및 연소 특성을 분석하였다. 기존 고형연료와의 성상 차이를 비교함으로써 건조음식 폐기물의 연료로서의 특성을 분석 하였으며, 연료화 후 연소 특성을 파악하였다.음식 폐기물 시료 2종과 고형연료 제조설비로부터 생산된 고형연료 시료 2종을 이용하여 원소분석, 공업분석, 발열량분석, TGA 분석 실험을 진행 하였으며 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 건조 음식 폐기물의 수분함량과 회분함량은 각각 1.7~10.0 wt.%, 7.8~11.7 wt.%로 고형연료 품질기준을 만족하였으며, 건조 음식 폐기물의 저위발열량은 4,000~4,720 kcal/kg으로 고형연료의 품질기준인 3,500 kcal/kg보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 건조 음식 폐기물의 TGA 분석 결과, 연소반응은 약 200℃에서 시작하여 약 500℃에서 연소 속도가 가장 높았다. 100~200℃ 사이에서 수분 증발 후, 200~500℃ 사이에서 초기 휘발분, 탄소 및 잔류 휘발분의 방출 및 연소가 이루어졌다. 건조 음식 폐기물의 높은 발열량 및 낮은 수분, 회분 함량을 바탕으로 향후 효율적 건조 기술 적용 및 엄격한 품질 기준 검사를 통해 건조 음식 폐기물의 고형연료화가 가능한 것으로 판단된다.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.275-286
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 결정질 기반암에 위치하는 12개 시추공의 지하수 수질을 분석하여, 다변량 통계 분석법을 활용하여 지하수 수질 진화 특성 및 성분 기원을 평가하였다. 지하수 수질 유형은 Na(Ca)-$HCO_3$형과 Ca-$HCO_3$형이 가장 우세하여, 물-암석 반응에 의한 직접적인 양이온 교환 반응($Ca^{2+}{\rightarrow}Na^+$)을 지시하며, 현장 지하수 특성과 실내 지하수 분석 결과에 기초한 연구지역의 지하수 수질 진화는 초기 내지 중간 정도의 단계를 지시하는 것으로 사료된다. 다변량 분석 결과, 인위적인 기원인 $NO_3{^-}$와 다른 성분들 간의 상관성을 살펴보면, $Na^+$, $Cl^-$와 양의 상관성을 나타난다. 염무의 기원인 $Cl^-$와는 $Na^+$, $SO{_4}^{2-}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $K^+$와 양의 상관성을 나타낸다. 그러나 다른 성분들($Ca^{2+}$, $Fe^{2+}$, $HCO_3{^-}$, $F^-$, $SiO_2$)과는 상관성이 나타나지 않는다. $Cl^-$ 농도가 일반적인 지하수 수질 범위에 포함되고 $NO_3{^-}$ 농도는 먹는물 수질기준치 이하로서 농도가 매우 낮으며, 대부분의 광물에 대해서 지하수 화학성분들은 불포화상태를 지시한다. 따라서, 연구지역의 수질 성분들은 대부분 물-암석 반응을 통한 자연적인 기원을 지시하고 부분적으로는 자연적인 염무와 농업과 관련된 인위적인 오염으로부터 기인된다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제32권E호
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• pp.1-19
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• 1990

Abstract Over the last several decades, crop production in the United States increased largely due to the extensive use of animal waste and fertilizers as plant nutrient supplements, and pesticides for crops pests and weed control. Without the application of animal waste best management, the use of animal waste can result in nonpoint source pollution from agricultural land area. In order to increase nutrient levels and decrease contamination from agricultural lands, nonpoint source pollution is responsible for water quality degradation. Nonpoint source pollutants such as animal waste, ferilizers, and pesticides are transported primarily through runoff from agricultural areas. Nutrients, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus, can be a major water quality problem because they cause eutrophic algae growth. In 1985, it was presented that Watershed/Water Quality Monitoring for Evaluation BMP Effectiveness was implemented for Nomini Creek Watershed, located in Westmoreland County, Virginia. The watershed is predominantly agricultural and has an aerial extent of 1505 ha of land, with 43% under cropland, 54% under woodland, and 3% as homestead and roads. Rainfall data was collected at the watershed from raingages located at sites PNI through PN 7. Streams at stations QN I and QN2 were being measured with V-notch weirs. Water levels at the stream was measured using an FW-l Belfort (Friez FWl). The water quality monitoring system was designed to provide comprehensive assessment of the quality of storm runoff and baseflow as influenced by changes in landuse, agronomic, and cultural practices ill the watershed. As this study was concerned with the Nomini Creek Watershed, the separation of storm runoff and baseflow measured at QNI and QN2 was given by the master depletion curve method, and the loadings of baseflow and storm runoff for TN (Total Nitrogen) and TP (Total Phosphorus) were analyzed from 1987 through 1989. The results were studied for the best management practices to reduce contamination and loss of nutrients, (e.g., total nitrogen and total phosphorus) by nonpoint source pollution from agricultural lands.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.219-230
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• 2004

In recent years, the consumption of livestock products were markedly decreased by awareness of world-widely occurred diseases including mad cow disease, Foot and mouth disease, Hog cholera, and Poultry Influenza virus. the consumers ara also wanting to have highly safe food such as organic animal products because of concerning about residual of antibiotics in animal products. However, disease control and impairment of productivity are the major problem in organic animal production. On these points of view, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of 1% or 2% of dietary probiotics fortified with various minerals on improvement of egg production and egg quality in old lay6r feeding low quality feed mainly composed of food waste, sesame meal, and rice bran. After 4 weeks of experimental feeding, the diameter of spreading of egg white was clearly decreased from 11.2cm of control eggs to 10.5m and 10.1m in 1% and 2% treatment group eggs, respectively. The color of egg yolk was 9.3 in control eggs but remarkably increased in treatment groups showing 10.1~10.2. Egg production was 75.8% in control layers but significantly increased to 79.8% of 1% treatment group and 82.9% of 2% treatment group layers. Egg weights (C : 66.3g, 1% : 73.2g, and 2% : 76.7g) and egg shell thickness (C : 0.33mm, 1% : 0.35mm and 2% : 0.36mm) were also increased by the addition of 1% or 2% of probiotics when compared to those of control group eggs. All together, it has been suggested that dietary addition of probiotics fortified with various minerals can improve the egg quality and egg production in layer's productivities by the recycling of organic waste resources such as food waste and agricultural by-products.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2002

This study was carried out to evaluate the Physicochemical characteristics of mined waste(separated waste and soil) and to predict environmental effect of an old landfill site located at north of Seoul. Municipal solid waster(MSW) had been disposed of at the old landfill site used in this study for about 2 years(1990-1992). The old landfill site selected for this study had accepted mainly municipal solid waste. The landfill-mined waste contained separated waste (40.9%) and soil(59.1%) by wet weight basis. The separated waste consisted of combustible(91.0%) and non-combustible(9.0%). The combustible waste was mainly non-biodegradable plastics. The low heating value of the separated combustible waste, which is calculated by Dulong's equation, was as high as 3,470kcal/kg. According to the Korean Extraction Procedure, separated waste and soil were proved to be not hazardous. The total content of heavy metal in the separated waste and soil met standard of California State, USA. Therefore the separated waste may be relandfilled at a sanitary landfill site and/or burned up at an incinerator, and the separated old soil may be used ad landfill cover-soil at a sanitary landfill site. Water quality of two streams was grade IV, of which water could be used as industrial and agricultural water. The streams near the landfill site might not be contaminated by leachate from the old landfill site. It was estimated that organic matter in the old landfill site would not be actively biodegraded within a short period of time.

• 무역학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.213-230
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• 2021

China's e-waste enterprises can decompose 150 million sets of e-waste every year, but in fact, only about 50% of the e-waste goes into formal recycling due to the informal recycling of individual small businesses. The purpose of this paper is to put forward the method for users to improve the reuse times through regular e-waste recycling enterprises. This paper constructs the evaluation factors of reuse logistics service through prior research. Exogenous variables are mainly composed of the management system, economics, resources, policies, social perspectives, and service quality. In addition, the authors choose intention to reuse as an endogenous variable. A total of 335 questionnaires were collected to conduct the research with the structural equation modeling. The results reject the hypothesis that economics, resources, and social perspectives have a positive impact on reuse. On the contrary, management systems, policies, and service quality have a positive impact on reuse. Implications were suggested in the last part of the research.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제7권2호통권24호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2007

Waste of Plastic that is waste tile and waste interlocking block result, waste tile and waste interlocking block that execute an experiment to foretell practical use possibility availability as recycled aggregate for concrete giving change in the principal parts rate for coarse aggregate recycled aggregate appeared in the world by available thing to coarse aggregate to rate 10% but necessity that present amount used establishing material application standard that is crushed than uniform application standard to receive entropy of re-fresh concrete quality is judged to be.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2007

Waste policies with waste metering system and recycling in 1995 have contributed to the reduction of solid waste generation. Now rural areas as well as urban areas produce less amount of solid wastes in terms of per capita. However most policies in relation to waste issue have been concentrated in urban areas. Large portion of agricultural waste in rural region are being illegally treated such as open incineration or burned out on the road. In this study, we assessed the atmospheric air quality and health risk by illegal open incineration in rural region. In case of benzene level, worst concentration during illegal open incineration was 0.23 ppm and cancer risk by exposure was estimated to $2.29{\times}10^{-3}$.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2000

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding fermented food waste on the egg production and egg qualities in laying hens. A lot of 30 commercial layer(ISA Brown) at the age 58 weeks were placed in individual of 80% commercial feed and 20% fermented food waste(C80%+F20%), a mixture of 50% commercial feed and 50% fermented food waste (C50%+F50%), and a mixture of 20% commercial feed and 80% fermented food waste (C20%+F80%). Daily measurements were made on feed intake, egg production rate, egg weight, yolk color, Haugh unit, shell color during the experimental period. At the end of the experiment, body weight change and egg cholesterol contents were determined. The results indicate that up to 50% of basal diet could be supplied by fermented food waste with little depression in feed intake and efficiency in egg production (p＜0.01). Egg weight, egg shell thickness and Haugh units were not significant different between the treatments and the control. Egg color quality improved with increasing the proportion of the fermented food waste in the diet.