• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.516-525
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• 2015

In this study, Life Cycle Assessment(LCA) was applied to the production processes of waste cooking oil recycling products. Recycling products as defined in the Law of Saving of Resources and Recycling Promotion are biodiesel and soap. Weighting result of biodiesel production process showed that the most significant impact potential was abiotic resource depletion(84.17%) followed by global warming(13.93%). In the case of the soap, the most significant impact potential was also abiotic resource depletion(58.59%) followed by global warming(33.71%). In terms of the whole system of the biodiesel production process, methanol showed the largest environmental impact potential(87.35%). While in the case of the soap, sodium chloride showed the largest environmental impact potential(99.99%). This study suggests that there should be improvement of the methanol recovery system in the biodiesel production process and also appropriate use of the major environmental impact materials in both processes.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2014

Spray and combustion process with waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel and commercial diesel were analyzed in an optically-accessible single-cylinder compression ignition diesel engine equipped with a high pressure common-rail injection system. Direct imaging method was applied to investigate spray and combustion characteristics. From the mie-scattering results, it was verified that WCO biodiesel had a longer injection delay compared to diesel. Spray tip penetration length of WCO biodiesel was longer and spray angle was narrower than those of diesel due to poor atomization characteristics. In terms of combustion, WCO biodiesel showed later start of combustion, while flame was vanished more rapidly. Analysis of flame luminosity showed that WCO biodiesel combustion had lower intensity and lasted for shorter duration.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 폐유지류가 혼화재 다량 치환콘크리트의 내구성에 미치는 영향을 실험적으로 고찰하고자 한다. 플라이애시 30% 및 고로슬래그 60% 치환한 콘크리트를 대상으로 기초적 물성과, 탄산화저항성, 동결융해저항성, 염해 저항성 및 황산염 침투저항성을 고찰하고 세공구조를 측정하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 폐유지류는 유동성 저하를 방지하기 위하여 유화처리된 폐유지류(ERCO)를 사용하였고, 혼입률은 1.0%까지로 결정하였다. 연구결과에 따르면, 슬럼프 및 공기량은 ERCO 혼입에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 압축강도는 ERCO혼입에 따라 28일강도는 다소 저하하나 180일 강도의 경우 ERCO혼입과 동등이상의 값을 보였다. 또한, ERCO 혼입에 따른 내염해, 탄산화, 황산염 및 동결융해 저항성에 대하여 분석한 결과로는 염화물 침투저항성 및 탄산화 침투 저항성은 ERCO 혼입률 증가에 따라 저항성이 향상되나, 동결융해 저항성은 저하되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 공업화학
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.559-564
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 폐식용유를 이용한 바이오디젤 제조공정에 반응표면분석법 중 중심합성계획모델을 이용하여 최적화 과정을 수행하였다. 공정변수로는 폐식용유의 산가, 반응시간, 반응온도, 메탄올/유지 몰비, 촉매량 등을 선택하였고, 반응치로는 FAME 함량(96.5% 이상) 및 동점도(1.9~5.5 cSt)를 설정하였다. 기초실험을 통해 계량인자범위를 반응시간 (45~60 min), 반응온도($50{\sim}60^{\circ}C$), 메탄올/유지 몰비(8~12)로 정하고, 중심합성계획모델을 이용한 최적화 결과 바이오디젤의 제조공정의 최적조건은 반응시간 55.2 min, 반응온도 $57.5^{\circ}C$, 메탄올/유지 몰비 10으로 나타났다. 이 조건에서 바이오디젤의 예측 FAME 함량은 97.5%, 동점도는 2.40 cSt이었으며, 실제 실험을 통해 확인한 결과 FAME 함량(97.7%), 동점도(2.41 cSt)로 측정되어 오차율은 각각 0.23, 0.29%로 나타났다. 따라서 폐식용유 원료 바이오디젤 제조공정 최적화 과정에 반응표면분석법 중 중심합성계획모델을 적용할 경우 매우 낮은 오차율을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 청정기술
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2023

몽골은 전 세계에서 대기오염문제가 매우 심각한 나라 중 하나이다. 그 원인으로는 몽골 울란바타르시 내 게르촌에서 사용되는 저급연료의 난방연소 때문이다. 본 연구에서는, 몽골 울란바타르시 게르촌에서 사용되고 있는 저급연료 및 몽골 폐식용유의 연료품질을 분석하였으며, 전통난로와 시작품 연소난방장치의 연소테스트를 통해 환경성을 평가하였다. 또한 인체위험도 분석을 통해 난방장치의 대체효과를 평가하였다. 연료특성분석 결과, 몽골석탄 중 조개탄은 회분, N, S 함량이 높은 이유로 환경성이 상대적으로 안좋은 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 3종의 석탄에 비해 폐식용유를 연소하였을 때, 대기질 개선효과가 높은것으로 나타났다. 몽골 전통난로를 시작품난로(폐식용유 사용)로 교체할 경우, 몽골 울란바타르시의 대기환경문제를 개선할 수 있는 효과가 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2012년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.271-273
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• 2012

This paper is to investigate the effect of waste cooking oil(WCO) on carbonation resistance of high volume fly ash and blast furnace slag concrete. WCO and paint were applied for carbonation resistance materials. As expected, the application of WCO to the concrete help it reduce carbonation depth remarkably, regardless of mixture types. This may be due to the fact that WCO makes the capillary pore block by activating saponification. It is found that the degree of carbonation reduce due to WCO is much higher than the case by Paint.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.498-504
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate and develop an eco-frendly wood adhesive based on vegetable oil (especially soybean oil), the renewable and sustainable natural resources, using ozonification technology for the chemical structure modification. The waste soybean oil (WSBO) was reacted with $O_3$ at the rate of $450m{\ell}$(acetone) : $50m{\ell}$ (WSBO) for different times, 1, 2, 3 hrs. The investigation of the modified chemical strecture of the ozonied WSBOs were conducted using FT-IR. As ozonification time increased, the peak of the unsaturated double bonds was disappeared especially ozonized-3hrs and aldehyde or carboxyl peak appeared because ozonification broke the oil into small molecules. The plywood were made at $150^{\circ}C$ with 4 minutes hot-press time using the different ozonized 3 hrs WSBO/pMDI adhesives and were tested for the dry, wet, cyclic boil test according to the Korea Industrial Standard F3101 Ordinary plywood. The bond strengths gradually increased until 1 : 0.5~1 : 3, but it decreased 1 : 4, as the contents of pMDI increased. The results of the dry, wet and cyclic bond strengths the equivalent ratio was formed approximately between 1 : 2~1 : 3. And the 1 : 1~1 : 4 strengths met constantly the standard requirement of 7.0kgf/$cm^2$ (KS F3101). From the comprehensive view on the results of above experiment, it could be confirmed that ozonized WSBO/pMDI has characteristics of effective reactivity and wet stability showed as an excellent candidate of wood adhesive applications.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.1100-1108
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• 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of waste cooking oil (WCO) addition on ammonia (NH₃) emissions during the composting of dairy cattle manure under two aeration conditions. Methods: The composting tests were conducted using the laboratory-scale composting apparatuses (14 L of inner volume). Three composting treatments (Control, WCO1.5, and WCO3, with WCO added at 0 wt%, 1.5 wt%, and 3 wt% of manure, respectively) were performed in two composting tests: aeration rate during composting was changed from 0.55 to 0.45 L/min in Test 1, and fixed at 0.3 L/min in Test 2, respectively. The NH₃ emitted and nitrogen losses during the composting were analyzed, and the effect of the addition of WCO on NH₃ emissions were evaluated. Results: Both tests indicated that the composting mixture temperature increased while the weight and water content decreased with increasing WCO content of the composting mixtures. On the other hand, the NH₃ emissions and nitrogen loss trends observed during composting in Tests 1 and 2 were different from each other. In Test 1, NH₃ emissions and nitrogen losses during composting increased with increasing WCO contents of the composting samples. Conversely, in Test 2, they decreased as the WCO contents of the samples increased. Conclusion: The WCO addition showed different effect on NH₃ emissions during composting under two aeration conditions: the increase in WCO addition ratio increased the emissions under the higher aeration rate in Test 1, and it decreased the emissions under the lower aeration rate in Test 2. To obtain reduction of NH₃ emissions by adding WCO with the addition ratio ≤3 wt% of the manure, aeration should be considered.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.233-241
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• 2022

Biodiesel is a non-polluting and non-toxic energy source that can replace conventional diesel. However, the higher production cost and raw material scarcity became challenges that obstruct the commercialization of biodiesel production. In the current investigation, fried cooking oil is used for biodiesel production in a hydrodynamic cavitation reactor, thus enhancing raw material availability and helping better waste oil disposal. However, due to the cavitation effect inside the reactor, the hydrodynamic cavitation reactor can give biodiesel yield above 98%. Thus, the use of orifice plates (having a different number of holes for cavitation) in the reactor shows more than 90% biodiesel yield within 10 mins of a time interval. The effects of rising temperature at different molar ratios are also investigated. The five-hole plate achieves the highest yield for a 4.5:1 molar ratio at 65℃. And the similar result is predicted by the response surface methodology model; however, the optimized yield is obtained at 60℃. The investigation will help understand the effect of hydrodynamic cavitation on biodiesel yield at different molar ratios and elevated temperatures.

• 공업화학
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.746-752
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 마이크로웨이브 에너지를 이용하여 폐식용유로부터 바이오디젤을 제조하고, Box-Behnken 설계를 이용하여 공정의 최적화를 설계하였다. Box-Behnken 설계의 계량인자는 메탄올/유지 몰비, 마이크로웨이브 조사세기, 반응시간으로 설정하였고, 계측인자는 FAME 함량이다. 기초실험 결과 산가에 관계없이 계량인자인 메탄올/유지 몰비(8~10)와 반응시간(4~6 min)의 범위는 동일하게 설정하였으며, 마이크로웨이브 조사세기의 경우 산가 1.30 mg KOH/g (8~12 W/g)와 2.00 mg KOH/g (10~14 W/g)로 설정하였다. Box-Behnken 설계에 의해 예측된 바이오디젤 제조공정의 최적조건은 산가 1.30 mg KOH/g인 폐식용유의 경우 메탄올/유지 몰비(7.58), 마이크로웨이브 조사세기(10.26 W/g), 반응시간(5.1 min)이었고, 산가 2.00 mg KOH/g의 경우 메탄올/유지 몰비(7.78), 마이크로웨이브 조사세기(12.18 W/g), 반응시간(5.1 min)로 산출되었다. 이때 예측 FAME 함량은 각각 98.4, 96.3%로 나타났으며, 실제 실험을 통한 오차율은 0.3% 이하로 나타났다. 따라서 마이크로웨이브를 이용한 바이오디젤의 제조공정에 Box-Behnken 설계를 적용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.