• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.203-209
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• 2018

To correctly predict the neutron behavior based on diffusion calculations, it is necessary to adopt well-specified boundary conditions using suitable diffusion approximations to transport boundary conditions. Boundary conditions such as the zero net-current, the Marshak, the Mark, the zero scalar flux, and the Albedo condition have been used extensively in diffusion theory to approximate the reflective and vacuum conditions in transport theory. In this paper, we derive and analyze these conditions to prove their mathematical validity and to understand their physical implications, as well as their relationships with one another. To show the validity of these diffusion boundary conditions, we solve a sample problem. The results show that solutions of the diffusion equation with these well-formulated boundary conditions are very close to the solution of the transport equation with transport boundary conditions.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.72-84
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• 2022

As the threat of climate change escalates, 'net-zero' has become a priority for the international community, and the use of new and renewable energy sources is expected to play a significant role in reaching international carbon neutrality. Here, we evaluate technological competitiveness in terms of implementation and technology by analyzing scientific literature and patents in the new and renewable energy fields of five major countries. For the past 10 years (2009-2019), the most active areas of new and renewable energy research and development have been solar power, wind power, waste, and fuel cells. China is the forerunner in implementation, whereas the United States has the most advanced technology. Portfolio analysis revealed that Korea's fuel cell, the United States' bioenergy, China's waste, Japan's solar and fuel cell, and the European Union's wind power have shown to be in Star Field respectively. Technological competitiveness analysis found that Korea is lagging behind other countries in the new and renewable energy sector, and needs to set a new direction for future carbon-neutral research and development, investment, and policy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2022.04a
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• pp.168-169
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• 2022

The continuous development of science and technology since the Industrial Revolution and the development of human civilization are based on the use of fossil fuels. However, the use of fossil fuels is increasing the greenhouse gas, the main cause of global warming, and global warming is an extreme climate anomaly that is rapidly increasing human and material damage. Therefore, efforts are being made worldwide to return greenhouse gases to pre-industrial levels. In Korea, 2050 carbon neutrality has been set as a major policy and efforts are being made to curb carbon emissions in the overall industry. Carbon emission suppression is based on the minimization of fossil fuel use, and research and development are underway on building a zero-emission house that minimizes the energy used in buildings in the construction field. Therefore, in this study, as part of the zero-emissions water system construction, waste resources generated at industrial sites were utilized and an integrated lightweight concrete solar panel grafted with a concrete lightweight panel and solar panel was manufactured and the possibility of its use was evaluated.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.3-12
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• 2001

Nowadays, countries all over the world are deeply concerned about pollution in the global environment, so they are seeking various ways to adequately disposal of waste. Still, the environmental situation seems to be getting worse and worse. It is evident that such wastes and pollution have been endangering human life nestled in this globe up to the end of the 20th century. We should not, however, tolerate such human misconduct and mal-management of resources any more in the new millenium. For realizing a society that is sustainable for generations to come, it is important to establish a social system for minimizing wastes, promote re-use and recycling, and develop technology for improving recycling efficiencies, including product designs that facil-itate re-use and recycling and innovative technologies for processing wastes. In this paper, reviewing the current status of Korean waste problems, the governmental policy and specific approach for the establishment for recycling society is considered.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.353-363
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• 2016

In this study, traditional treatment scenario of food wastes that collected and transported food waste is recycled in large treatment facilities and suggested treatment scenario of onsite zero discharge system that food waste is treated in housing complex were supposed. The scenarios were compared and analyzed by capital expenditure, oil consumption, $CO_2$ emission quantity, operating expenditure and management expenses. The capital expenditure, oil consumption and $CO_2$ emission quantity of small scale dispersion dealing method is the lowest compared to traditional treatment method. As a results, it is possible to obtain the effect that operating expenditure was reduced by 91% and management expenses was reduced by 40% with suggested treatment method. The treatment method that have low capital expenditure is tend to lower oil consumption and $CO_2$ emission quantity. The small scale dispersion dealing method have the lowest capital expenditure, oil consumption and $CO_2$ emission quantity and the linked method with sewage treatment have the highest expenditure and $CO_2$ emission quantity. Eventually, the optimal model of onsite zero discharge system in housing complex is small scale dispersion dealing method.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.22
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• pp.211-229
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• 2007

The ISO/TS16949 APQP goal of defect prevention and decrease of spread waste, is the customer satisfaction which leads a continuous improvement and profit creation. The quality expense where the most is caused by but with increase of production initial quality problem occurrence is increasing to is actuality. Like this confirmation amendment. with the problem which is forecast in the place development at the initial stage which it does completeness it does not confront not to be able, production phase to be imminent, the problem accumulates and it talks the development shedding of which occurs. In opposition, prediction confrontation. is forecast in development early stage to and it is a structure which does not occur a problem to production early stage. Like this development is a possibility of accomplishing competitive company from production phase. Which attains an goal of, chance cause it leads a APQP activity (common cause) with special cause prevention & detection the connection characteristic of the focus technique against a interaction is important. And the customer requirement satisfaction and must convert a APQP goal of attainment at the key characteristics action step. (1) The Prevention - with Design FMEA application prevention of the present design management/detection, (2) the Detection (prevention/detection) - with Process FMEA application prevention of the present process control/detection, (3) Special Cause - statistical process control (SPC) 4M cause spread removal, (4) Common Cause - statistical process control (SPC) the nothing zero defect which leads the continuous improvement back of spread with application it will be able to attain with application.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.97-107
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• 2020

The indiscriminate growth in global population poses a threat to the world in handling and disposal of Municipal solid waste. Rapid urban growth increases the production, consumption and generation of Municipal solid waste which leads to a drastic change in the environment. The methane produced from the Municipal Solid waste accounts for up to 11% global anthropogenic emissions, which is a major cause for global warming. This study reports the methane emission estimation using IPCC default, TNO, LandGEM, EPER and close flux chamber from open dump yards at Perungudi and Kodungaiyur in Chennai, India. The result reveals that the methane emission using close flux chamber was in the range of 8.8 Gg/yr-11.3 Gg/yr and 6.1Gg/yr to 9.1 Gg/yr at Kodungaiyur and Perungudi dump yard respectively. The per capita waste generation was estimated based on waste generation and population. The waste generation potential was projected using linear regression model for the period 2017-2050. The trend of CH₄ emission in the actual field measurement were increased every year, similarly the emission trend also increased in IPCC default method (mass balance approach), EPER Germany (zero order decay model) where as TNO and Land GEM (first order decay model) were decreased. The present study reveals that Kodungaiyur dump yard is more vulnerable to methane emission compared to Perungudi dump yard and has more potential in waste to energy conversion mechanisms than compare to Perungudi dump yard.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.116-121
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• 2003

In this study, the thermal degradation process has been investigated at various reaction temperature$(350{\sim}400^{\circ}C)$ and times$(30{\sim}120\;min)$ in order to recycle waste plastic films as solid state wax. Waste plastic films were easily melted by adding a small amount of waxes. The effects of wax addition and nitrogen flow rate on their thermal degradation properties were investigated. FT-IR, GPC and viscometer were used to analyze properties of the solid wax including the structure, molicular weight distribution and melt viscosity. The average molecular weight of solid wax was decreased with increasing the reaction time, temperature and amount of wax added, Also, the viscosity of solid wax decreased with increasing the stirring speed at a constant reaction temperature and time, and its viscosity got close to zero above $390^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.649-652
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• 2008

Glass is often recycled. In order to recycle, glass is crushed and ground. During this process, glass powder is generated. Most of this scrap glass powder is disposed in landfills. The glass powder, consisting of 73% SiO$_2$ and 16% Al$_2$O$_3$, is richer in components necessary for polymerization than fly ash. In this study, the fluidity and compressive strength of cement zero mortar were investigated, where cement zero mortar was prepared by mixing 5$\sim$15% of glass powder with 100% fly ash mortar. Result of flow test concluded that workability was not affected by adding the powder. After aging for 28 days, the compressive strength increased by approximately 6% with 5% addition of scrap glass powder. With 10% addition, the strength remained the same. In case of 15% addition, the compressive strength decreased by approximately 6%. To summarize the results, 5$\sim$10% addition of scrap glass powder is considered to be most appropriate.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 2014

This is the urban design master plan for the Public Administration Town. The project proposes a newly configured city, where environmental and democratic principles are expressed in the shape of the urban fabric. To achieve the goal, the concepts of 'Flat City, Link City, and Zero City' were introduced. These concept show "Space fabric arrange, connection and material circulation and flow from ecological landscape". 'Flat City' shaped the government buildings into an iconic plane, and democratic society. The iconic plane's surface extends across the whole city, creating an expansive public park, which is easily accessible, and open to nature. 'Link City' connects governmental agencies to enhance their function and interactions. Government facilities, parks and green spaces, cultural facilities, commercial zones, and residential districts areas create an interconnecting network. 'Zero City' has integrated infrastructure systems to reuse waste, reduce pollution, and provide essential city functions. It creates a new wildlife habitat, making 'Zero City' a good neighborhood. This proposal was made to integrate historical, regional, nature experiences with various approaches in architecture, city, and landscape architecture.