• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 2021

Various infectious diseases have threatened swine industries in Korea. One of the major risk factors of disease spread is livestock transport vehicle. For this reason, all abattoirs are required by law to have vehicle washing and disinfection facilities. However, detailed guidelines for cleaning and disinfection procedures were not provided. So in this study, assessment by visual observation was conducted to evaluate how well the cleaning and disinfection procedures of livestock transport vehicles have been performed in four different abattoirs in Jeonbuk, Korea. The observation included length of car washing time, the number of washing bay, type of washperson, type of disinfectant application, length of disinfection time, and compliance of driver's hygienic procedure. Every vehicle in all abattoirs conducted washing and disinfection procedure. However, there were procedural differences for each abattoirs and defects in the washing and disinfection procedures. In addition to that, the compliance of driver's hygienic procedure was not sufficient. Hence, detailed manuals on washing and disinfection procedures for involved people are required and it is necessary to establish an inspection and evaluation system.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.127-137
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to compare the hand disinfection effect of waterless alcohol gel hand washing agent with that of soap and water, 4% chlorhexidine gluconate, and 10% povidone-iodine. Hands of fourty subjects were artificially contaminated with Acinetobacter baumannii $5m{\ell}$ and randomly distributed to each hand washing methods. Samples were collected from gloved hand by glove juice sampling procedure. Mean log reduction after hand washing were compared with baseline values. Number of microorganisms were converted to log and tested by ANOVA in SPSSWIN 10.0. Mean log reduction of soap and water, alcohol gel, 4% chlorhexidine gluconate, 10% povidone-iodine were $2.76{\pm}0.62$, $2.97{\pm}0.56$, $4.66{\pm}1.70$, $4.60{\pm}0.91$, respectively. The bactericidal effect of alcohol gel was similar to that of soap and water, but the effect was much less than chlorhexidine gluconate and povidone-iodine(p<0.001). In terms of microorganism reduction, the efficacy of waterless alcohol gel was almost the same as soap and water hand washing. Further evaluation of the bactericidal effect of waterless alcohol gel is needed because waterless alcohol gel is simple, convenient, and non-irritating hand washing agent and also very effective in busy hospital environment.

• 문화기술의 융합
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.269-274
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 2015년 메르스 사태 후 성인의 손씻기 실태 및 손씻기 포스터의 효과를 파악하기 위하여 공공 화장실을 이용하는 성인 370명( 포스터 미부착 185명, 포스터 부착 185명)을 대상으로 직접 관찰 및 설문조사를 실시하였다. 남성의 46%, 여성의 21.5%가 손씻기를 하지 않았으며, 포스터를 부착한 집단에서 손을 씻은 대상자는 83.2%로 포스터를 부착하지 않은 집단에서 손을 씻은 대상자 47%에 비해 많았다. 남성은 평균 7.6초 동안, 여성은 13.5초 동안 손을 씻어 여성이 더 오랫동안 손을 씻었으며, 포스터 부착군과 미부착군 간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 손씻기의 6가지 절차를 다 실천한 대상자는 3.3%에 불과하였다. 손씻기 6가지 절차 중 4가지 이상을 수행한 대상자는 포스터 부착군 17%, 미부착군 10.3%이었다. 이상의 결과에서 손씻기 포스터는 손씻기 행위 자체에는 유의한 효과가 있었으나 올바른 방법으로 손씻기를 하는데, 즉 손씻는 시간 증진과 손씻기 절차 이행율 향상에는 효과적이지 못하였다. 그러므로 공공장소 화장실에 손씻기 안내방송과 시각적인 효과를 높일 수 있는 포스터의 보급이 필요하다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.235-244
• /
• 1998

Hand washing is an important component of hygiene program for food handlers. Hands can be a source of direct or indirect contamination of foods with pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, the effectiveness of hand washing methods and the use of 70% alcohol solution against transient skin bacteria was tested in an university foodservice facility. 70% alcohol solution is sprayed for 5 seconds automatically when hands are placed in the dispenser. Samples were taken using swab technique in meat cutting area, vegetable trimming area, and vegetable cutting area: before and after washing hands according to planned methods, and after being sprayed with 70% alcohol solution after washing hands. The bacteriological analysis of total plate counts, coliform, fecal coliform of food handlers' hands was done. Statistical data analysis was completed with Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis model using the SPSS program. The levels of initial contamination of workers' hand were significantly different by the work areas($x^2$=9.156, p<0.01). Workers in the vegetable trimming area had more heavily soiled hands than in the other work areas. Mean of TPC counts and coliform was 8.97×$10^5$ CFU/12.4$cm^2$, 2.93×$10^2$ MPN/12.4$cm^2$ respectively, but fecal coliform was not detected. Transient bacteria were removed from hands after washing and using 70% alcohol solution but were not removed completely. Mean reduction percentage in TPC varied among work areas and ranged from 93.19% to 94.99%, and in coliforms from 97.31% to 100%. A significant difference in TPC was found between before and after hand disinfection (Z=-2.714, p<.01) and between standardized hand washing procedures and un-standardized hand washing procedures(z=-2.301, p<.01). Subjects using the hand sanitizer showed a great elimination of TPC(99.45% reduction), but this effect was valid only after following proper washing procedures. Based on the results, the most effective hand washing method was recommended as the combination of the standardized hand washing procedure with warm-water and use of the 70% alcohol solution. The results can be used to develop hand hygiene programs and training strategies for enhancing hand hygiene practices for food handlers in foodservice operations.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.89-94
• /
• 1991

Thirty five couples were treated by intrauterine insemination with sperm prepared by a washing and swim-up method. Fifteen women conceived(42.9%). Sperm washing and swim-up was found to significantly improve sperm motility for men of infertile couples and the increment of percent sperm motility after sperm preparation allowed significant differentiation of pregnant and nonpregnant patients in asthenozoospermia(submotile) group (p<0.01). The author suggest that the increment of percent sperm motility after sperm washing and swim-up could be a useful screening tool for in vitro procedure proposed to improve fertility in the intrauterine insemination of asthenozoospermia.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.8-19
• /
• 2008

우라늄 함량이 높은 흑색 셰일 및 점판암이 주요 기반암인 괴산군 청천면 덕평리 일대 토양의 물리/화학적 특성을 규명하였고, 토양으로부터 우라늄을 제거하기위한 다양한 세척용액 및 세척조건을 적용한 실내 세척 실험을 실시하여, 토양 세척법이 우라늄 함량이 높은 토양으로부터 우라늄을 제거하는데 효과적인 방법임을 입증하였다. 총 8지점 토양 시료의 우라늄 농도를 분석하여 인공강우 용출실험(SPLP), 독성물질 용출실험(TCLP)을 실시한 결과 가장 우라늄함량이 높은 S2 토양의 경우 SPLP 용출 농도가 USEPA 음용수 기준치(30 ${\mu}g$/L)를 초과하여 토양으로부터 주변수계로의 지속적인 오염 가능성이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 연속추출실험(SEP) 결과 약산 강우에 의해 토양으로부터 우라늄 용출이 발생할 수 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 토양으로부터 우라늄을 제거하기위하여 다양한 세척액과 세척조건을 적용하여 토양 세척 실험을 실시한 결과, pH 1인 산성용액, 염산 0.1 M 용액, 황산 0.05 M 용액, 구연산 0.5M 용액을 세척액으로 사용하는 경우 우라늄 제거 효율이 80% 이상이었으며, 아세트산과 EDTA 용액의 경우 30%이하의 낮은 제거율을 나타내었다. 토양/세척액 비율은 1 : 3, 세척 시간을 30분, 토양 당 반복 세척 회수를 2회로 설정하여 위의 세척용액들을 이용하는 경우, 실제 우라늄 함량이 매우 높은 S2 토양 주변 현장에서 토양 세척법이 우라늄 제거에 효과적으로 적용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. 세척 전/후 토양의 총유기탄소함량(TOC), 양이온 교환 능력(CEC)을 측정하였고, X-선형광분석(XRF)과 X-선회절분석(XRD)을 실시하여 비교함으로써 세척 후 토양 특성 변화를 규명하였다. 세척 후 토양의 TOC와 CEC가 각각 55%, 66%까지 감소하여 세척한 토양을 작물재배용으로 재사용할 경우 적절한 개량제를 첨가하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 나타났다. 세척 전/후 토양의 XRF 및 XRD 분석 결과, 산세척에 의한 토양의 주요 성분과 광물 구조 변화는 심각하지 않은 것으로 나타나 pH 회복을 위한 추가 물 세척 후 세척 토양을 재활용 할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 제어로봇시스템학회 1997년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집; 한국전력공사 서울연수원; 17-18 Oct. 1997
• /
• pp.783-786
• /
• 1997

Automatic realization of on-off human decision making was derived based on a conditional probability. Following the proposed procedure, problems of insulator washing timing in power substations and spike detection on EEG(electroencephalogram) records were appropriately solved.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국농업기계학회 1996년도 International Conference on Agricultural Machinery Engineering Proceedings
• /
• pp.792-801
• /
• 1996

A thinning algorithm -based image analysis technique was developed to measure corn root lengths. The root length measurement method was evaluated by comparing thread lengths measured by the image analysis system with actual thread lengths. The length measurement method accurately estimated actual thread lengths (less than 2% calculated error). Also, a rapid root length density measurement procedure, which utilizes the above root length measurement method, was developed to estimate corn root length density without washing the roots. Root length densities estimated from the cut soil surface of core samples taken from the field were paired with the root length densities determined from washed roots from the same soil core sample. A linear relationship between these two values was expected and was found. Eliminating the root washing procedure reduces the time required for measuring corn root length density substantially.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.54-61
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this research was first to analyse and compare the types of microbes inherent among the unwashed and washed Kupori textiles, and second to investigate whether there is a difference between unwashed and washed Kupori textiles on the susceptibility of contamination by microorganism when exposed to the same microbial environment. Microbial identification procedure and the Shake Flask Test for investigating the effect of exposure to microbial environment were carried out separately. The result of microbial identification procedure indicated that a variety of bacteria and fungi were inherent in both unwashed and washed textiles and that the population of contaminated microorganism became more diverse after washing. The result of Shake Flask Test indicated that given the same exposure condition, the unwashed textiles tend to be more susceptible to bacterial contamination than the washed textiles. The results of the present study supported the current conservation procedures adopted in Korean museums which include washing and humigation procedures before long-term storage or display of exhumed textiles.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제63권7호
• /
• pp.903-909
• /
• 2014

As a direct drive type washing machine requires two operating modes, washing and spinning modes, a design of the motor with high efficiency in each mode is not applicable to a conventional procedure. To achieve the requirements, a multi-pole outer rotor type switched reluctance motors are considered. To select a suitable motor type for the application, a static toque is compared based on the FEM analysis. The selected type is obtained for high and wide toque than other types of the motor. Further, the pole shape and arc are optimized to meet the required torque and torque ripple. To verify the proposed structure, the prototype is designed and manufactured. And the simulation and experimental results verify the validity of the proposed structure.