• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.918-925
• /
• 2015

An investigation was conducted to evaluate the hygienic status of 33 high school foodservice systems in Yongin city by using hygiene management guide checklist, ATP bioluminescence assay and microbe inspection petrifilm (APC, coliform group, Staphylococcus aureus) of food utensils during use. The 22 hygiene management guide checklist items about facilities, personal hygiene, food control, distribution, washing and disinfection had good grade but there were some inadequate behaviors on observation. The inspection results showed their sanitary condition met the level B of the recommendation of Korea method, it means sanitary management system get settled but more practical CCP system was needed. ATP bioluminescence assay was conducted on surface of food facilities, ATP ranged 425~2,552 RLU on gloves, 541~70,251 RLU on apron, 1,596~88,490 RLU on working desk, 1,177~263,813 RLU on sterilizer grip, 715~32,814 RLU on sterilizer shelf, 114~619,725 RLU on refrigerator grip, 677~319,007 RLU on refrigerator shelf, 71~196,725 RLU on freezer grip, 1,535~233,375 RLU on freezer shelf. APC ranged $66.7{\pm}29.0CFU$ on freezer grip, $102.1{\pm}35.9CFU$ on refrigerator grip, $45.4{\pm}28.2CFU$ on heating cabinet grip, $58.8{\pm}40.4CFU$ on sterilizer grip, the number of coliform group ranged $5.6{\pm}4.9CFU$ on freezer grip, $9.1{\pm}8.7CFU$ on refrigerator grip, $1.2{\pm}1.1CFU$ on heating cabinet grip, $4.5{\pm}4.4CFU$ on sterilizer grip. S. aureus ranged $8.0{\pm}5.6CFU$ on freezer grip, $12.2{\pm}9.6CFU$ on refrigerator grip, $2.1{\pm}1.6CFU$ on heating cabinet grip, $11.6{\pm}6.4CFU$ on sterilizer grip.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.41-46
• /
• 1977

Main objectives of this survey were to find out general sanitary status of water source, draining status and toilet in Shindong Myun, Chungseong Gun. Interviewers of fourteen students visited 1,775 households in this Myun, filled the survey form and checked sanitary conditions of the areas from September 1 to November 30, 1974. Results are summarized as follows: 1. Draining state of pumps is better than that of wells and also the the quality of water sources are better in pumps than in wells. Wells and pumps of 54.1% were constructed more than five years ago. 2. About 66.7% use pump water, 10.5% well water and 8.3% simple piped drinking water system and average water consumption is 22.7l per day per capita. Private water system is 66.0% while public system 27.1%. 3. Water is used for drinking, washing body and cleaning at 53.8% while only for drinking at 7.4%. 4. Nearest pollution sources of drinking water are mainly toilets and stables, and average distances between them are less than ten meters. 5. Toilets of 78.3% are used only by one households and those of 12.9% by two. 6. Toilets of 10.9% are inside main building while those of 85.4% outside main building. 7. Toilet tanks are covered only at 6.3% households while not covered at 95.4%. The contents of tanks are removed about twice a month (40.2%), and 84.1% use them as fertilizer on their own farm and contents of 10.1% are removed by other people. 8. Excreta are utilized on the vegetable farm by 38.2% households, on the vegetable and barley farms by 19.7% and on the paddy fields by 8.2%.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.85-92
• /
• 2007

This study focused on bean-juice treatment method which have dyeing property to indigo, yellow soil, sappan wood, cochineal and also on the possibility of applying to mordanting. This is different from the active mordanting using chemicals. Natural mordants with development of dyeing are not harmful, also are the medicines for disease. Limestone and ash neutralize the acidic soil. bean-juice protein adhere to cellulose surface and change the physical properties of protein so that coloring of dye is better than before and film non-soluble in water is made. Therefore the color made from bean-juice process lasts after washing. This study try to show one of the ways to improve the current method using the heavy metal which can have bad effects for environment and human being. Bean-juice(raw bean, heated bean) treatment method can be the way to fix the natural dyeing problem of bad dyeing. Bean-juice had been treated under various condition with pre-treatment, post-treatment and raw bean, heated bean. Following results are obtained in this study. In the case of Indigo dyeing, pre-treatment of heated bean shows the biggest difference of color. In the case of yellow soil dyeing, pre-treatment of raw bean-juice shows the biggest gap of color. Pre-treatment of heated bean in sappan wood dyeing case and post-treatment of raw bean show bigger color difference than pre-treatment of raw bean. In cochineal dyeing, raw bean pre-treatment shows the biggest color difference.

• 한국의류산업학회지
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.620-625
• /
• 2017

In this study, the dyeing conditions(temperature, time, concentration) are changed from various conditions on wool fabrics by using corydalis tuber extract in order to develop new natural dyes. The purpose of this study is to improve the dyeability, color fastness, and functionality and to derive optimal dyeing conditions by comparing and analyzing the changes of K/S values and surface color by dyeing pH changes, mordant method, and mordant type. As a result of the experiment, the optimum dyeing condition of the wool fabrics is shown dyeing temperature:$80^{\circ}C$, dyeing time:90min, dyeing concentration:100%. The dyeability by pH variants of corydalis tuber extract indicates that K/S values is higher alkaline than acidic. The mordant method of corydalis tuber extract showed pre-mordant has high K/S values. In terms of color fastness, marked improvement has not been shown despite of mordant treatment on wool fabrics. In particular, color change of color fastness to washing, color fastness to light indicates the low fastness. In addition, the functionality such as antibacterial activities and deodorization can be given at dyeing with corydalis tuber extract thus it is expected to be applied to underwear or apparel products for the elderly and infirm and children with weak skin that required high functionality.

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.25-30
• /
• 2009

Objectives: To find the potential acupuncture points by using Trypan blue staining on the skin of rat and Nude mouse. Methods: 0.4% Trypan blue was applied to the skin of rat or Nude mouse previously treated by surfactant. Washing by warm saline was followed after enough application of trypan blue and surfactant. Frequency of Trypan blue application should be varied to the experimental animals' condition for visualizing significant spots. Results: Blue spots appeared roughly in symmetry along kidney meridian or stomach meridian. Several spots outside of kidney or stomach meridian were also observed; however, the detail stereoscopic images of those blue spots were slightly different according to the position blue-colored. DiI signals were visualized along blood vessel after DiI injection into the Trypan blue-visualized blue spots. Conclusion: Our method to visualize the potential acupuncture points as a blue spot on rat and Nude mouse skins may contribute to the next step for finding specific flowing channels among blue spots.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.85-103
• /
• 1989

The purpose of this study is to figure out the urban low-income consumers' present possesion condition of electric appliances, the way of purchasing, shopping scope of groceries and electric appliances, and the shopping scope and information seeking behavior of groceries and electric appliances according to the socioeconomic variables, and the shopping scope of electric appliances according to the way of paying price. For this purpose 129 low-income consumers living in Inchon were interviewed through questionnares. Finally 100 questionnares were analyzed. The first major of this study is that the possesion rates of color television set and refrigerator are comparativelyl high, while those of washing machine, record player and camera are low. In case of electric appliances, consumers usually purchase things on credit and as a shopping place, they usually go to a commercial agent. In case of groceries, they usually buy things for cash, and in case of one price labeled groceries they usually buy things at a supermarket. Second, according to the way of paying price, the shopping scope of some electric appliances is broader in case of purchase for cach than in case of purchase on credit. Third, the shopping scope and information seeking behavior classified by the socioeconomic variables according to the income, age and education. That is as the income and education become higher and the age becomes lower, the shopping scope becomes broader, mass media information source is much more uaed and the frequency of seeking becomes higher. Through this study, I would like to suggest the followings. (1) The problem of low-income consumers is closely connected with the low education level, so it can be solved a bit through consumer education. (2) Especially the consumers' problem is more serious in case of those who are aged and get very low income and education. Therefore special attention is needed to those consumers.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.122-126
• /
• 2003

본 연구에서는 다중 이온교환크로마토그래피로 리소짐을 분리하는 공정개발을 위해 Cellufine CM C-200과 Bio-rex 70 겔을 이용하여 비교 실험하였다. 난백에서 Iysozyme의 분리, 정제 및 수지의 활용성을 확인하는 실험이었다. 실험결과 Cellufine겔은 5 주기가 지나면서부터 용출분획에서 낮은 농도의 단백질이 용출됨을 확인하였다. 이는 주기가 진행될 수록 겔의 흡착능력이 약화됨을 보여주는 것이다. 또한 주기가 진행될수록 각 주기의 크로마토그램을 분석한 결과, 단백질이 겔의 작용기와 효과적으로 흡·탈착 작용을 하고 있지 못하기 때문에 용출영역의 peak가 계속해서 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 Bio-rex 70겔은 6 주기를 수행 후에도 겔의 흡착능력이 상실되지 않고 단백질과 효과적으로 결합함을 용출영역의 크로마토그램과 전기영동에서 확인하였다. Bio-rex 겔은 Cellufine겔보다 단백질과 작용기와의 결합력이 우수하였으나 순수한 Iysozyme의 정제에 있어서 적당하지 못함을 알 수 있었다. Iysozyme의 용출 이온강도가 다른 단백질들보다 더 강하기 때문에 용출용액의 소금 농도구배를 실행함으로써 단백질을 용출한다면 순수한 IysoByme을 정제할 수 있다고 생각된다. 따라서 본 실험결과 다중 이온교환크로마토그래피 공정에 효과적인 겔은 Bio-rex 70겔임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국양식학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.91-97
• /
• 1998

이 연구에서는 해산어의 종묘 생산에 필요한 대량 배양용 로티퍼, Brachionus rotundiformis의 종 보존 방법으로서 무균 로티퍼의 이용을 검토했다. 로티퍼는 개량형 항생제 혼합액 AM9을 사용하여 무균 처리한후, 무균 Nannochloropsis oculata를 먹이로 공급하여 연속 유지 배양했다. 각각 다른 시기의 3회 (trial 1, 2 and 3)에 걸친 로티퍼 배양결과, 무균 배양 (axenic culture)에서는 비교적 안정적인 증식을 보인 반면, 유균 배양 (non-axenic culture)에서 로티퍼의 증식은 불안정적으로 각 시기에 따라서 심한 증식의 차이가 관찰되었다. 이 결과는 유균 배양에서 로티퍼의 증식에 직접적으로 악영향을 미치는 박테리아가 무균 처리과정을 통해서 제거되었음을 증명한다. 로티퍼 무균 배양 방법의 일반화 또는 대량 배양용 로티퍼의 씨앗으로서의 무균 로티퍼의 이용은 로티퍼의 안정 배양은 물론 유용 수산 생물의 대량 폐사를 일으키는 원인 생물을 사전에 제거할 수 있는 유효한 방법이 될 수 있다고 생각된다.

• 복식
• /
• 제14권
• /
• pp.133-144
• /
• 1990

The purpose of this study is to investigate the absorbance of the Shikonin, one of the major purple pigments, and the stability against the effect of light, $O_2$, and temperature. The effect of mordant and mordanting condition to color and color-fastness is compared and analysed through the color-fastness-test, color-difference value-test, and IR-test. The results were as follows; 1. The absorbance of Shikonin was examinated through 6 kinds of solutions and distilled water. Shikonin was absorbed by solutions rather easily than distilled water. 2. The light effect to Shikonin indicated that the solution with the light was more stable than that without it. 3. The effect of $O_2$ to Shikonin showed that the solution with the $O_2$ was more stable that without it $O_2$. 4. Shikonin -methyl alcohol solution was stable in $25^{\circ}C$. It was unstable in $60^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$ with lowered absorbance and changed colors. 5. Color-fastness test to silk and cotton indicated washing color-fastness and perspiration color-fastness was more than 3 grade. But the light color-fastness and crocking color-fastness was low. 6. The comparison between non -colored sample and colored-sample showed the latter was better in fastness. 7. Mordant as $Alk(SO_4)_2{\cdot}24H_2O$ and $AlCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$ was better than anything else in fastness. 8. Color-difference value-test indicated that the mordant which had the jade green color, the original purple pigment color, was the best in use. 9. The best way to extract the original purple pigment color was in $25^{\circ}C$, because extracted dyeing solution by Soxhlet had the bluish color.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.27-36
• /
• 1986

The purpose of this study was, to estimate the detergency of commercial detergent and to examine the interrelationship between detergency and detergent characteristics, detergent concentration, fiber characteristics, and Rolling-up phenomenon which is the major removal mechanism of oily soil. A mixture of oleic acid-olive oil was used as oily soil. The detergency was estimated by analysis of oleic acid on cotton ana polyester fabrics before and after washing by means of liquid scintillation counting. The Rolling-up of oily soil from PET film was observed and change of contact angle and removal time were measured. The results were as follows ; 1. In the case of soaps and powder synthetic detergents, the optimum concentrations we-re about $0.2\~0.3\%$. And detergencies of liquid synthetic detergents were considerably low, and the detergency was continually increased up with increasing concentration to $0.5\%$, which seemed to be caused by the lower pH than that of soap and powder synthetic deter-gent solutions. 2. As the effect of external or internal fiber structure; the detergency of cotton was lower than that of polyester. 3. In the observation of Rolling-up, the contact angle increased and the Rolling-up time became shorter with increasing detergent concentrations ($0.05\~0.5\%$). And it was confirmed that detergency was increased with Rolling-up effect. In addition, the study on the actual laundry condition was studied using the questionaire. From the results, about $76\%$ of households used the concentration of detergent roughly or excessively and housewives were highly concerned on the recommended dose, but grade of practice were very low.