• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2015

In this research, we experimentally investigated the sealing performance of elastomeric rotary lip seals for washing machines. In general, NBR is used as a material for elastomeric rotary lip seals in washing machines, but the mixing formula of the rubber material can affect the sealing performance. In this study, we manufactured rotary lip seals using three kinds of NBRs with a different mixing formula, and examined the sealing performance using an acceleration test mode. The results of an SEM investigation into the surfaces of three kinds of specimens showed a much smaller wear volume and better sealing performance for the specimens with smaller particle sizes of mixing composition than for the specimen with the larger. Repeated deformation and recovery by the shaft-to-seal eccentricity on rotation were shown to cause a phase difference in the rubber material, and we measured the recovery ratio to find the influence of this phase difference on the sealing performance. As another method for checking the phase difference, we also measured tan ä, and a lower tan ä was revealed as the recovery ratio increased for each specimen. Specimens with a higher recovery ratio (lower tan ä) were shown to have a better sealing performance. Consequently, specimens with a smaller particle size in the mixing composition had a better sealing performance because they show a higher recovery ratio.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.127-136
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine improvements in dye uptake, expression of various colors, and color fastness when washed or exposed to light. We examined these improvements by doing the combination dyeing of Juniperus chinensis heartwood and Alnus japonica heartwood extracts. In this study, two combination dyeing methods were used. One-bath dyeing involves combining Juniperus chinensis heartwood extract and Alnus japonica heartwood extract. Two-bath dyeing involves dyeing by sequence, which means that we dyed the Juniperus chinensis heartwood extract first and then dyed Alnus japonica heartwood extract sequentially (or in the opposite order). In terms of improving dye uptake, two-bath dyeing was more effective than one-bath dyeing. For cotton, dyeing Juniperus chinensis heartwood extract first and then dyeing Alnus japonica heartwood extract sequentially showed higher dye uptake in the two-bath method, while for silk, there wasn't much difference in the dyeing order. Through combination dyeing, red-violet color from Juniperus chinensis heartwood and brown color from Alnus japonica heartwood made various Y, YR, R series of color as a result. Moreover, combination dyeing improved fabric's fastness when washed or exposed to light. In the case of cotton, fabric dyed using two-bath dyeing, with Juniperus chinensis heartwood extract being the first dye, showed improvement in fastness to washing and light. And in the case of silk, fastness to washing and light improved regardless of dyeing order in two-bath dyeing.

• 약학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.30-37
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• 1997

In order to formulate a controlled release system for oral drug delivery, the microcapsules were prepared in w/o emulsion containing cefaclor as a water-soluble model drug by th e method of interfacial polycondensation. Gelatin wis selected as a suitable polymer for interfacial polycondensation. Gelatin solution containing drug was emulsified in an organic phase under mechanical stirring. After emulsification, terephthaloyl chloride was added as cross linking agent, followed by mechanical stirring, washing and drying. Physical characteristics of microcapsules were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis. Mean particle sizes of gelatin microcapsules were, in the range, of about 20~50 ${\mu}$m. The microcapsules were in good apperance with spherical shapes before washing, but were destroyed partially after washing and drying, even though some microcapsules were still maintained in their shapes. Contents of cefaclor in the microcapsules were calculated by UV spectrophotometry after 3 days extraction with pH 4 carbonate buffer solution. The effects of cross linking time. pH. concentration of cross-linking agent, and temperature on drug release kinetics have been discussed extensively.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.269-283
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• 2006

To show the recognition of hand-sanitizer, we studied the answers of research questions where we got from the northern part of Seoul and Kyunggi Province. We had categorized two groups both industry-related people who work in restaurants, hygiene service shops, whole sales, government organizations, PC shops, factory-department stores and non industry-related people who work in schools, general offices for this study. 1. Hand sanitation level: Over 60% people washed hands 6 times a day. The group using water and soap was much bigger than the group using water for washing hands. For drying, people preferred wipe tissue, towels, clothes, non drying in that order. 2. Recognition of hand sanitizer and its usage experience: Most people(66.5%) did not know what hand sanitizer is, but they have positive attitude if they use this machine. 3. Place of hand sanitizer: The proper places to install were such public places as hospitals, restrooms, and restaurants. The fifties-group was the most frequently hand washing generation with over 9 times a day. 4. Comparison of recognition for hand-sanitizer by male and female: There were different results in each evaluation item by either male or female. The frequency and method of hand washing showed high in males, while females observed hand sanitization, installation requirements, installation areas, home installation, etc more than anything else.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.170-179
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• 2012

시판중인 여섯 가지 종류의 코이어 자루배지에 세 가지 전처리 방법을 실시하고, 처리 과정에서 생성되는 배액을 분석함으로써 경제적이며 간단하게 칼륨과 나트륨을 제거할 수 있는 전처리 방법을 구명하고자 2차에 걸쳐 실험을 수행했다. 1차 실험에서는 시판중인 코이어 자루 중에서 전처리가 되었고, 농가에 많이 보급된 6가지 배지를 선정하여, 7일간 물로 씻는 처리(W7S0), 물로 3일간 씻고 배양액으로 4일간 씻는 처리(W4S3), 배양액으로 7일간 씻는 처리(W0S7)의 세 가지 전처리를 했다. 2차 실험에서는 Bio Grow와 coco Mix 배지를 대상으로 1차 실험과 동일한 방법으로 재현성을 확인했다. 실험결과 pH의 안정화에 좋은 전처리 방법은 W4S3 처리와 W0S7 처리였다. EC는 세 처리 모두에서 4일차가 되면 공급 EC와 같은 1.0 이하로 안정되었다. 배액의 이온은 W7S0에서는 처리 3~4일 이후에 안정화 되지만 대부분의 이온들이 용탈되어 Ca와 Mg의 부족이 발생했고, 4일 이상을 씻는 것은 물의 낭비로 판단되었다. W0S7에서는 배지의 안정화는 W4S3 처리와 유사했으나 배양액으로 7일간 씻어주는 것은 경제적으로 손실인 것으로 사료된다. 두 가지 배지를 사용한 재현성 실험에서도 비슷한 결과를 보였다. 따라서 농가에서 사용하기에 가장 간단하고 경제적인 전처리 방법은 물로 3일간 씻어준 후 배양액으로 1일간 포수시킨 후에 정식하는 방법으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.912-917
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 채소류의 표면에 인위적으로 균을 오염시킨 후 수도수, 마이크로버블수, 전기분해수 및 마이크로버블-전기분해수 세척에 의한 미생물 살균 효과를 알아보았다. 우선 수도수와 마이크로버블수 세척에 의한 살균 효과를 비교한 결과, 수도수와 마이크로 버블수 사이에 살균력 차이는 미세하게 마이크로버블수가 높게 나타났다. 유효 염소 농도별 전기분해수와 마이크로버블-전기분해수 세척에 의한 살균 효과를 비교한 결과, 유효염소 농도가 100 mg/L인 전기분해수는 5분간 세척 후 채소류의 종류에 따라 미생물이 잔존하였지만, 100 mg/L인 마이크로버블-전기분해수는 5분간 세척 후 모든 채소류에서 균이 검출되지 않았고, 200 mg/L인 마이크로버블-전기분해수에서는 1분간 세척 후에 모든 채소류에 미생물이 검출되지 않았다. 따라서 각 유효 염소 농도별 마이크로버블-전기분해수가 전기분해수에 비해 짧은 세척시간에 효과적인 살균이 된 것으로 나타났다. 종합적으로 마이크로버블-전기분해수 세척 기술이 미생물학적 위험은 감소시키면서 표면 살균 효과가 낮은 채소류와 같은 신선편의 식품에 적합한 살균 기술로 생각된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.170-174
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• 1977

세미(洗米)로 인한 미곡(米穀)의 주요(主要) 영양성분 손실을 품종별(品種別) 도정도별(搗精度別)로 분석한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1) 세미(洗米)에 의한 각영양소 평균손실율의 범위는 총고형분 $1{\sim}2%$, 단백질 $5{\sim}7%$, 칼슘 $18{\sim}26%$, 철분 $19{\sim}47%$, $vitamin\;B_1\;22{\sim}40%$, $B_2\;11{\sim}24%$ 그리고 niacin이 $36{\sim}45%$이었다. 2) 일반미인 아끼바레(Japonica type)보다 통일미(Indica type)에서 vitamin 성분을 제외한 총고형분, 단백질, 칼슘 및 철분의 손실율은 더 높았다. 3) 백미(白米)의 도정도가 높을수록 총고형분, 가용성무질소물 및 vitamin의 손실율은 높아지는 경향이었다. 그러나 단백질, 칼슘 및 철분들의 손실율은 도정도에 따른 일정한 경향은 없었으나, 손실되는 절대량은 도정도가 낮은 5분도미에서 더 많았다. 4) 세미(洗米)중 구성 amino acid의 손실율은 Iysine이 가장 높았고, 다음 histidine, glycine 및 alanine등이었다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.5-16
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to identify the handwashing knowledge and attitudes of resistered nurses on general wards. Subjects for this study include 182 nurses working in general wards of a hospital in Seoul area. Data were collected by a questionnaire from July 30 to August 10,1996. Statistical analyses were done by the SPSS/PC program. The techniques used in this sudy included frequencies, chi-square test. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. 34.6% of the respondents reported that they washed their hand an average of 5 to 7 times during the work day. 2. 38.5% of the respondents reported always washing after each patient contact. Only 9.9% always washed before contact with a patient. 3. 56.6% of the respondents reported a washing time of 10 to 20 seconds, whereas 29.1% washed 21 to 30 seconds. Chi-square tests were employed to determine any differences in handwashing frequency and duration by age, working years, work position. There were no satistically significant differences among the variables. 4. 95.6% of the subjects used water and plain soap during the washing process. The respondents washed the palms of the hands, the backs of their hands and between their fingers(33%). Only 17.6% removed rings before handwashing. Similarly, 11% removed their wristwatch. The majority(96.2%) reported that they used communal textile towel to dry their hands. When asked what method they used to turn off the water faucet after washing, 98.4% reported using direct hand-to-faucet contact. 5. Nursing activities that showed the highest handwashing rates was after wound dressing(22.9%), followed by suctioning(21.4%), injection(21.2%), inserting catheter(18%). 6. Reasons cited for reduced handwashing frequency included being too busy to wash more often(74.7%), no need to wash more often(11.0%) and dry skin caused by frequent handwashing(3.3%). 7. When asked where they obtained their current knowledge of handwashing techniques, they reported professors(73.6%), resisted nurses(14.8%) and supervisor(6.6%). 8. Nursing staff thought that proper handwashing was important factor in decreasing nosocomical infections(72.4%).

• 디자인학연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2003

노인들도 사용하기 편한 제품을 디자인하기 위해서는 기존 제품에 대한 노인들을 대상으로 한 실험과정을 통하여 불편한 점을 파악하고, 그러한 불편요소가 해소될 수 있는 방향으로 해당제품이 디자인되어야 한다. 이러한 필요성에 의하여, 본 연구에서는 노인들의 일상생활에서 가장 자주 사용하고 일반적인 제품인 세탁기를 대상으로 디자인과정과 평가과정에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 특히, 측각기와 같은 인간공학 장비를 사용하여 제품의 특정 부분에 대한 조작 편의성 평가를 수행할 수 있는 방법과 그 결과를 디자인에서 어떻게 활용할 수 있는지도 제시 하였다. 또한, 인간공학적 측면에서의 이론과 실험을 통한 디자인 방향과 컨셉의 결정, 디자인안 개발, 디자인안의 평가를 위한 실험, 실제 모델 제작, 사용편의성 측면에서 기존 모델과의 비교평가를 위한 실험 등에 대한 과정이 설명되었다. 연구의 결과는 노인을 위한 세탁기 개발에서의 중요 자료로 활용될 수 있고, 적용된 방법론은 세탁기 뿐만 아니라 다른 가전제품의 노인을 위한 디자인 개발에서도 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1004-1012
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate the loess dyeability of soybean fabric using loess as colorants. Recent days, various textile products such as inner wears, sheets and interior goods are manufactured using materials dyed with loess emphasizing its improved metabolism, anti-bacterial, deodorizing properties, and far infrared ray emissions. Soybean fabric was dyed with loess solution according to concentration of loess, dyeing temperature and dyeing time. To improve washing fastness, soybean fabric and dyed soybean fabric with loess were mordanted by mordanting agents such as sodium chloride(NaCl), Acetic acid(CH₃COOH) and Aluminium Potassium Sulfate(AlK(SO₄)₂·12H₂O). Dyeability and color characteristics of dyed soybean fabric were obtained by CCM observation. Particle size distribution of loess, the dyeability(K/S) of soybean fabric, morphology and washing durability of loess dyed soybean fabric were investigated. The results obtained were as follows; Mean average diameter of loess was 1.08µm. The main components of loess used in this study were silicon dioxide(SiO₂), aluminium oxide(Al₂O₃), and iron oxide(Fe₂O₃). The content of these three component was above 75 weight %. The dyeability of soybean fabric was increased gradually with increasing concentration of loess. The optimum dyeing temperature and dyeing time were 90℃ and 60minutes expectively. The fastness to washing according to concentration of loess and mordanting method indicated good grade result as more than 4 degree in all conditions.