• 환경위생공학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.89-108
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• 1991

Organophosphorus pesticide residues such as Diazinon, Fenitrothion and EPN in apple and effect of storage peeling and washing on removal of the residues from apple soaked in 3 kinds of pesticides solutions for 20 seconds were studed with gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphorus detecter(GC-NPD). Result obtained are as follows : 1) Average concentrations of DiaEinon, Fenitrothion, and EPN detected in apple of control group were 0.022, 0.007 and 0.008 ppm respectively. 2) Decreasing rates of Diazinon on 7 th, 14 th, 21 st, 28 th, and 35 th day after soaking apple on the pesticide solution were 41.3% , 68.6% , 87.0%, 96.9% and 99.5% respectively. In case of Fenitrothion were 46.9%, 66.3%, 84.9%, 93.2% and 97.3% and EPN were 45.7 %, 76.2%, 85.4%, 95.7% and 99.4% respectively. 3) The removal rate of Diazinon, Fenitrothion and EPN by washing with water alone were 93.7%, 70.6% and 51.5% respectively, and 97.1% , 78.4% ailed 76.5% by washing with 0.2% detergent solution respectively. The results obtained in this study have show that 3 kinds of pesticides detected in app- les were below the Korean standard for residual pesticides and pesticides contaminated in apples were decreased in considerable degree by washing with water and 2% detergent solution and removed almost completely after storage for 35 days (5 weeks). Therefore, it would be concluded that washing and peeling will be the most effective way for safely because more than 90% of pesticide exist in peel.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.578-589
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• 2002

The purpose of this research was to analyze the residual water retention and to determine the number and species of microorganisms from the wet cotton fabrics in dehydration and drying process during washing. The drying rates of terrycloth and interlock knit under the rainy seasons were measured according to the dehydration and hanging methods, layers of fabric and pre-treatment agents. Microorganisms were isolated from the dried terrycloth by pure culture, and were identified by Biolog system. The results are as follow: The initial water retention of fabrics after dehydration decreased in the order of dripping>centrifuge>squeezing method, which affected the drying rate. The drying rates were faster by increasing surface area of fabrics. There was no significant difference in drying rate among the fabrics pre-treated with detergent, or fabric softener, or cationic surfactants such as Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB) and Benzalkonium chloride(BC). Puedomonas aureginosa was found in the fabrics treated with a powder-type detergent. On the other side, there was no growth of microorganism in the fabrics treated with a liquid-type detergent (containing antibacterial agent), CTAB and BC.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.555-564
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• 2002

The purpose of this research was to analysis compounds of unpleasant odor from the cotton fabrics in dehydration and drying process during washing. The cotton fabrics were treated with various commercial detergents and fabric softener or cationic surfactants such as Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB) and Benzalkonium chloride(BC), then dehydrated and dried. The compounds of odor impregnated in fabric were detected by using CC-MS. The results are as follows: The fabrics treated with a powder-type detergent, CTAB and BC gave out compounds unpleasant odor. n-Butyraldehyde and isobutyaldehyde produced during microorganism growth were revealed as source of the compounds of the unpleasant odor. However, no aldehydes were detected from the fabrics treated with commercial fabric softener which seems to act as a deodorizer.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.51-55
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• 1997

To utilize the alkaline protease produced by Halomonas sp. ES-10 as an enzyme detergent, the crude enzyme was obtained by methanol precipitation and lyophilization. And it was processed to coated enzyme.The best mixing ratio of components such as coated enzyme, builders, actives, fillers and adjuvants on detergency was examined, and temperature and pH influencing detergency were also tested. Detergency test 0.15% detergent solution was carried out on EMPA test cloth #116 with shaking(90 rpm) for 10 min after 30 min of pretreatment. The detergent which contained coated-enzyme 1%, Zeolite 4A 20%, Tween 80 1. 5%, sodium borate 30%, sodium meta silicate 7.5% and water 40% showed about 90% of washing efficiency at 40$\circ $C and pH 10.0.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.32-32
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• 2004

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.159-171
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• 1996

유기 인계 살충제 농약 (Diazinon, Dimethoate, Fenitrothion)이 부착된 상추를 대상으로 정체된 물, 흐르는 물, 중성세제, 알카리용액 및 산성용액 등으로 세척시간(10, 30, 50초)과 세척횟수(1, 2, 3회)별로 잔류농약의 제거율을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 다섯가지 세척방법에 의한 농약의 제거효과는 세척시간과 횟수가 늘어날수록 증가되었으며, 50초간 세척이 가장 높은 제거율을 보였다, 정체된 물을 세척제로 사용하여 50초간 3회 세척시 잔류농약의 제거율은 Diazinon 38.4%, Dimethoate 45.7%, Fenitrothion 24.6%이었으나, 흐르는 물에서는 Diazinon 29.4%, Dimethoate 37.7%, Fenitrothion 24.5%로 정체된 물에서 효과가 높게 나타났다. 알카리용액을 세척제로 사용했을때의 잔류농약 제거율은 Diazinon 32.1%, Dimethoate 49.5%, Fenitrothion 29.9%, 산성용액에서는 Diazinon 30.4%, Dimethoate 36.4%, Fenitrothion 21.0% 이었으며, 중성세제의 경우는 Diazinon 47.1%, Dimethoate 58.0%, Fenitrothion 39.5%로 다섯가지 세척제 중에서 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과만으로 볼 때 중성세제를 세척제로 하여 50초간 3회 세척하는 것이 가장 효과적인 세척방법으로 조사되었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.69-80
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• 1988

In this study, we have compared the relative importance of various washing condition affecting on soil release for P/C blended fabrics. P/C blended fabrics were soiled by the pad-dry method with aqueous and oily soil. The washing procedures of soiled samples were performed by Atlas Launder-Ometer with 27 wash conditions which are combinations of wash temp. wash time and detergent cone. The degree of soil-release was evaluated with CIE 1976 Lab color difference before and after washing. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the optimum wash conditions and the relative importance of the factors providing maximum soilremoval.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.39-54
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• 1994

I am going to survey major topics relating to the title by analyzing the following statistical data. 1 : Global trend of production and import of oil and relating materials 2 : Global trend of major oil production 3 : Capacity of Japanese factory for oil production 4 : Situation of mechanical expression based on raw materials 5 : Change of production amounts of Oil products 6 : Oil production of each items 7 : Imported amounts of oil products 8 : Vegetable oil meals, production, import and global trend 9 : Production of mayonnaise, dressing and edible processing oils 10 : Intake of nutrients, supply of lipids, and consumption of oils 11 : Global production of oleochemicals 12 : Sales amount of oleochemicals 13 : Capacities of fatty acid and fatty alcohol factories 14 : Oleochemical production in 1995 15 : Oleochemical procuction in asia 16 : Production of surfactants for industrial use 17 : Sales amount of detergents and washing materials 18 : Production of soap and synthetic detergent in Japan 19 : Consumption of soap. detergent, and synthetic detergent 20: Relation beween synthetic detergent production and popularization 21 : Biodegradability of soft detergent

• 한국염색가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국염색가공학회 2009년도 학술발표대회
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• pp.81-82
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• 2009

IEC 60456 declared the cocoa soiled cloth to be one of the standard soiled test cloths for measuring the performance of the clothes washing machines. Researchers for textile washing have known that cocoa soiled cloth has shown unpredictable washing performance. The color of cocoa mainly comes from flavonoids, and flavonoids reversibly change color with alkalinity from pH 1 to pH 7 as food colorants. The color change of flavonoids under various washing conditions, in the alkali solution, has not yet been confirmed. In this study, we have investigated the color change and the soil removal of the cocoa soiled cloth which were washed with alkaline washing liquids of various hardnesses. The cocoa soiled cloth which was washed in the water which was 60ppm or higher became darker than the soiled cloth. When the cloth was washed in the detergent solution, the cloth was slightly darker only when the washing condition was $20^{\circ}$ and 250ppm. As the water hardness increased, the soil removal decreased and the higher washing temperature was more effective.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2013

우리가 주로 생체로 먹는 들깻잎, 상추를 하우스에서 재배하고 안전사용기준을 준수하여 약제를 살포한 후 수확하여 다양한 세척액의 시간별 제거율을 조사하고 가정에서 주로 사용하는 방법인 흐르는 물에 씻는 방법과 물을 받아 씻는 방법의 제거효율을 비교하였다. 들깻잎의 경우 잔류농약의 제거율은 수돗물 3~63%, 소금물 2~58%, 녹차액 6~74%, 세제액 8~86%였다. 세제액만이 수돗물과 유의성 있는 차이를 보였고 다른 세척액은 수돗물과 유의성이 없었다. 세척시간이 증가함에 따라 제거율도 증가하였으나 세제액의 1분 세척과 3분 세척만이 유의한 차이가 있었고 다른 처리들은 세척시간별로 제거율의 유의한 차이가 없었다. 흐르는 물에 씻는 방법과 물을 받아 씻는 방법을 조사한 결과 상추를 흐르는 물에 1회 세척시 8~68%, 물을 받아 세척시 7~64% 농약이 제거되었고 물과 시간은 흐르는 물에 세척시 17.5 L, 2.9분이 소비되었고 물을 받아 세척시 4 L, 1분이 소비되었다. 물을 받아 3회 세척시 16.5~76.6%의 농약이 제거되었으며 물과 시간은 12 L와 3분이 소비되었다. 따라서 물을 받아 세척하는 것이 물과 시간을 절약하면서 제거율을 높일 수 있는 것으로 생각되었다.