• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.48-55
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• 2003

As the polyester fiber becomes thinner, thermomigration that is the most important factor deteriorating the washfastness, is more dominant. For improving the washfastness of ultrafine polyester dyed with disperse dye, it is necessary either to decrease the amount of thermomigrated dyes on the fiber surface, or to use a disperse dye containing diester group in the coupling component. This paper is concerned to investigate the relation between the chemical structure of three disperse dyes and their dyeing properties and washfastness. The disperse dye whose molecular size is big, can dye ultrafine polyester with good build-up, and its washfastness is reasonably good. Other disperse dye which has diester group, shows the same dyeing properties as the standard disperse dye, and its washfastness is better than that of the standard disperse dye.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 2004

Effects of chemical structure of disperse dyes applied to conventional and microdenier polyesters on the dyeing property and washfastness were studied. It was found that washfastness of dyed polyester fabric is closely related to the degree of thermomigration of disperse dye during heatsetting. The bulky disperse dye, which was synthesized by substituting two acetoxy groups of C.I. Disperse Red 82 with two benzoxy groups, showed almost the same amount of absorbed dye by the microdenier polyester as C.I. Disperse Red 82, but the degree of thermomigration was low and subsequent washfastness was excellent. The high grade of washfastness of the bulky disperse dye might be caused by the increased dye-fiber interaction and the reduced mobility.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.301-309
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• 2003

Of the various types of dye that can be used to apply polyamide fibers, acid dyes and pre-metallised acid dyes are great in use so far. However, since these acid dyeings suffer from dye loss during laundering, recourse to an aftertreatment is usually necessary to achieve adequate fastness to washing. In the case of reactive dyes, the characteristically high washfastness of dyeings comes with the concomitant advantages of brightness and low environmental impact. Despite the obvious advantages, the commercialization of reactive dyes for polyamide fibers has not gained widespread success. In this context, the rewards for approach are likely to be considerable. Heterobifunctional reactive dyes were applied to polyamide fibers using various conditions. Optimum conditions and fixation were determined. The forms in which the vinylsulphone and hydrolyzed moieties were examined using HPLC-Mass. In addition, it was found that the extent of the washfastness secured, in terms of both change in color and staining of adjacent multifiber was being acceptable.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 2002

Dyeing properties of the colorants extracted from acorn on wool fabric were investigated. Effects of dyeing temperature, dyeing time, repeating, and pH on dye uptake and colorfastness were explored. Acorn colorants showed very good affinity to wool fiber and produced bright to dark brown color ranged 4.81-8.97YR, 4.46-7.47/1.79-3.35. ,Higher temperature increased dye adsorption, so did longer time and more repeating. Washfastness was fairly good. The Dyed wool fabric had deeper color after irradiation to light. pH had an effect on the development of color, also. Dye uptake and washfastness were higher in acidic and alkaline pH than in neutral pH solution.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.51-62
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• 1987

In this study, electrostatic behavior of polyester and nylon fabric treated with anti-static agents were investigated. The effects of the concentration of the agents and curing conditions on the electrostatic charge of the fabrics were studied. And washfastness, lightfastness and physicalproperties of the treated fabrics were also investigated. The results were as follows: 1) Polyethylene glycol alkylester was more effective in antistatic behavior than polyethylene laurylphosphate, and polyester is more effective in anti-static behavior than nylon. 2) Concentration of anti-static agents were suitable in concentration of $4\%$. 3) Glyoxal resin was more effective in anti-static behavior than melamine resin, and it was also good in the retaing anti-static behavior after treatments of lightfastness and washfastness. 4) As the condition of curing treatment, $190^{\circ}C$, 1min. for glyoxal resin and $130^{\circ}C$, 4min. for melamine resin is appropriate. 5) In comparison of anti-static behavior according to treating conditions, the simultaneous treatment was more effective than any other treatments. 6) Change of electrostatic charge of anti-static nylon cloths after treatments of lightfastness and washfastness increased greatly in above 10 laundering time and 20 fade-O-meter time. 7) In physical properties according to concentration of treating agents. decrease of physical properties scarcely appeared in concentration of treating agents $4\~5\%$.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.52-61
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• 2007

To increase the ultraviolet radiation (UVR) protection of cotton fabric, ultraviolet protection (UVP) materials were treated onto cotton fabric using a new technique, UV-curing. A photocrosslinkablepolymer, poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate was used as a UV-curable resin in the presence of a small amount of photoinitiator. Two kinds of UVP materials were used, UV-absorber, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone, and UV-scatterer, $TiO_2/ZnO$ Pad-dry-cure method in employing these materials onto cotton was also conducted to compare the effectiveness and the washfastness of UVP treatment between curing methods. UVP treated cotton fabric showed a moderate increase in UVP in case of 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone treatment and a high increase in case of $TiO_2/ZnO$. UV-curing method increased the washfastness of UVP property of $TiO_2/ZnO$ treated cotton fabrics. However, in case of 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone, similar wash fastnesses of UV-cured and pad-dry-cured cotton were observed. It can be presumed that 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone was not significantly affected by water since its hydrophobicity. In short, UV-curing of UVP materials onto cotton was successfully done, and treated cotton fabrics showed the increased UVP properties and an increased washfastness in some extent.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.122-135
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• 2005

It has been reported that natural dyeing is impossible without pre-treatment with metal mordanting agents. However, pre-treatment with chitosan, which has high affinity to natural dyes, could result in an excellent dyeing with various natural dyes. In this study, three treatment methods were employed; 1) Using PET without any pre-treatment (Method 1) 2) Using PET with chitosan acid solution pre-treatment (Method 2) 3) Using PET with chitosan pre-treatment and subsequent crosslinking using citric acid (Method 3) Method 2 and 3 enhanced the Cochineal dyeability remarkably compared to Mehod 1. Washfastness was also enhanced, and moisture content, static property, abrasion resistance, and fabric hand changes were investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.13-26
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• 1985

In this study, when cotton fabrics dyed with Direct dyes are treated under various resin concentration 2, 4, 8, 12, $14\%$ with ureaformaldehyde(UF) and melamineformaldehyde(MF) resin which can be imparted the crease recovery to textiles, chang of properties on lightfastness, washfastness, crease recovery, breaking strength, etc. and color changes are investigated. the results are as follows 1) Color difference(${\Delta}$E) increased but K/S value decreased according to the increase of resin cone. such tendency showed that MF treated fabrics and soaping fabrics were evident than UF treated fabrics and non-soaping fabrics. 2) In lightfastness, ${\Delta}$E and K/S value of resin treated fabrics were reduced as compared with untreated fabrics according to the increase of resin cone. The lower ${\Delta}$E and K/S value of MF than ${\Delta}$E and K/S value of UF showed low lightfastness of MF. pH of resin treted fabrics was almost unaffected with lightfastness. 3) In washfastness, ${\Delta}$E and K/S value of resin treated fabrics decreased slightly as com-pared with untreated fabricsaccording tothe increase of resin cone. The ${\Delta}$E and K/S value of MF decreased lower than UF. But in the case of the higher resin cone. than about $8\%$, they were not almost differentiated. 4) As resin cone. increased, crease recovery considerably increased but breaking strength and elongation decreased. The fabrics treated with UF were good crease recovery, whereas the fabrics treated with MF were good breaking strength. 5) Soaping appeared to improve the lightfastness, washfastness, crease recovery but appeared to work adverse effect on breaking strength.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.30-36
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• 1998

The need for the effective flame retardant finishing for synthetic fiber Is required. This paper is focussed on the analysis of physical properties of nylon 6 fabric treated with tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate(TCEP) in comparision with the untreated fabric. In order to evaluate the flame retardance effect, limiting oxygen index and burn rate were determined. Above 20% add-on of TCEP on nylon 6 fabric, reasonable flame retardancy was observed. Thermal stability of the treated nylon 6 fabric was evaluated by TGA. It seems that TCEP acts via a condensed phase mechanism. Tenacity and moisture regain of the treated fabrics were not changed and washfastness of those was excellent.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.127-128
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• 2008

This paper presents development of 3-drive type Jigger dyeing machine. The study has focused on three driving control system and effects of spray nozzle conditions for increase the dyeing efficiency. The results shows that under the 1:2 bath ratio, the washfastness is $4{\sim}5$ grade.