• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2013

Colorimetric and wash fastness data after repeated wash cycles of Poly Lactic Acid(PLA) fiber were examined with C. I. Vat Blue 1, also other comparing 2 dyes (C. I. Vat Blue 35, C. I. Vat Blue 5), in this study. The fastness of three vat dyes on PLA fiber to repeated washing according to KS K 0430 A-2 regulation increased with dyeing temperatures. The $L^*$ values of the dyed material gradually increased with increasing numbers of wash. Also the f(k) values were decreased reversely. During repeated washing, the vagrant dyes were deposited especially on nylon, polyester, cotton of the adjacent multifiber. C. I. Vat Blue 5 displayed lowest color change to repeated washing of the three dyes used.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.41-46
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• 2004

We have studied on the experimental variables such as optimum adsorption condition, color changes, light fastness, antimicrobial properties, and wash durability of the cotton fabrics treated with gallnut extracts. Treatment of gallnut extracts on the cotton fabrics was optimally achieved at 6$0^{\circ}C$ for 60min. Gallnut extracts did not cause unintended color change after treatment on the cotton fabrics dyed with reactive dyes. The cotton fabrics treated with gallnut extracts showed good light fastness, though we took into the account the extract is a natural material. The cotton fabrics treated with 10.0% o.w.f. of gallnut extracts had strong antimicrobial activity and good wash durability.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.241-248
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• 2019

In this study, improving the wash and rubbing fastness of a natural coloring matter from Madder extract dyed on Tencel nonwoven. The cationic finishing agent(RBP), nonionic finishing agent(HPX) and mordant(PAW) were used to improving the color fastness. The two types(exhaustion and pad-dry-cure) finishing process were investigated with various finishing agent concentration. The color strength, wash and rubbing fastness of Tencel nonwoven dyed with Madder extract have been evaluated by various dye concentration and finishing agent. The exhaustion process treated with the cationic finishing agent(RBP) was effective to improving washing and rubbing fastness.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.124-128
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• 2003

Dark brown Alpaca fiber was reduced in shade via selective bleaching with peroxide. Two selective oxidative bleaching methods were tested on alpaca top to assess their effectiveness for color removal and fiber quality properties. Color change, bundle strength, weight loss, fiber diameter, surface modification, dye-ability and dye wash fastness were assessed for both methods and compared with the original brown top. Bleach method 1 (BL-I) showed little surface modification, 5.8% weight loss and 2.4% strength loss. D1925 yellowness index was reduced to 74.3 from 83.1 and provided a good base for the dyeing of medium to deep shades. Bleach method 2 (BL-II) displayed considerable surface modification, 7.8% weight loss and 18% strength loss. BL-II also resulted in a mean diameter reduction of 1.9 micron during bleaching. Yellowness was reduced to 64.5 from 83.1 and provided a very good base for the dyeing of medium to deep shades. BL-I showed better exhaustion of the premetallised dye Lanaset Violet B than BL-II. Wash fastness for BL-II was 1 grey scale unit poorer than BL-I. BL-II showed far better color clarity at pale depths however the wash fastness of the finished product was not good enough to maintain the depth or clarity of the color. BL-I showed poorer clarity of color but exhibited better wash fastness results.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.8-13
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• 2004

This research aimed at scrutinizing the comparative dyeability of some disperse dyes at low temperature on ultra-microfiber polyester, islands in the sea type (0.05 denier), which has claimed utmost fastness and improved uptake of dyeing. Comparisons of dyeability, such as rate of dyeing and color depth, on ultra-microfiber polyester were evaluated by H.T. exhaust dyeing method and followed by the test of rubbing fastness. To achieve high wet fastness, some commercial disperse dyes, Terasil WW and Megacron dyes, which have been recently launched for excellent wash fastness, have been examined compared with conventional disperse dyes, C.I Disperse Red 167 and C.I Disperse Orange 30.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.172-179
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• 2001

In order to improve dye uptime and wash fastness on dyeing of cotton fabrics with Amur cork tree, twitter ionic groups, acid groups, hydrophobic groups or cross linkage were introduced into cotton fabrics. Results obtained were as follows, 1 The optimum modification of cotton fabrics was carbosy methylation in the water solution containing 15% sodium chloroacetate and 15% sodium hydroxide and then introducing hydrophobic groups by treating in the solution containing $30m\ell$ DMSO and $3m\ell$ 2,4-TDI 2. Numbers of carbon, diisocyanate group than monoisocyanate group and aromatic compound than aliphatic compound in introduced hydrophobic groups were effective. 3. The dye uptake and wash fastness wore enhanced significantly by treating only with 2,4-TDI. 4. The wash fastness seems to correlate to the degree of swelling of the fabric during washing and also depend on the Interaction between dyes and acid groups as well as hydrophobic groups.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.27-39
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• 2006

In this study, physical/chemical characteristics of the fabrics dyed using Japanese pagoda tree which is a yellowish dyestuff was investigated. We tried to estimate the dyeing mechanism among fiber macromolecules, mordants, chitosan, and dyestuffs by measuring the change of air-permeability according to the dyeing process. Also wash fastness and light fastness were measured in order to estimate the fastness according to the dyeing characteristics. When the chitosan pre-treatment was introduced, the wash fastness increased significantly in the cotton fabrics while the fastness did not change in the nylon fabrics significantly. The light fastness was not improved by the chitosan treatment. when the antibacterial activity was measured for the dyed cotton fabrics, Japanese pagoda tree itself did not exhibit antibacterial activity. However, chitosan treated dyed fabrics exhibited low antimicrobial activity.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.165-171
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• 2001

In this study, UV/vis. spectra of color solution extracted from onion shell and dyeing properties of polyamide fibers such as wool, silk, and nylon were investigated. Also, the effect of mordanting on wash fastness and light fastness was Investigated. The amount of colors extracted was increased with extracting temperature and time. The wavelength of maximum absorption of onion shell extract corresponds to flavonol peak and quercetin peak. Also, spectra of color solution were shifted to longer wavelength at higher pH values. It appeared that the optimum condition of the dyeing of wool, nylon, and silk fabrics with onion shell extract was $60^\circ{C}$ , 30min, and pH 4.0 of dyed bath. Surface colors of the dyed fabrics were different according to the used mordants: Al and Cr mordanted fabrics were dyed in yellowish colors, Cu mordanted fabric in greenish color, Sn mordanted fabric in orange color, and Fe mordanted fabric in khaki color. The mordanting was effective at improving wash fastness and light fastness.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.17 no.6 s.85
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• pp.11-19
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• 2005

Textile dyeing with vat dyes has the highest color fastness although one and the same dye of all vat dyes cannot always satisfy every color fastness requirement. So we examined cotton, nylon 6, and polyester fabrics dyed with vat dyes. Cotton, nylon 6 and polyester fabrics were dyed with vat dyes such as C. I. Vat Blue 1, Blue 19, Black 9, Green 1, Orange 2, and Violet 1 containing sodium hydrosulfite and NaOH. Oxidation were carried out by a sodium peroxoborate after dyeing. The dyed materials were soaped at the boil after oxidation. Especially hydrolysis and overreduction for dyed polyester with vats dyes containing -NHCO- and -NH- groups such as C. I. Vat Blue 6, Black 25, Black 27, Red 10, and Green 3 occurred. It seems that these phenomena are due to a high dyeing temperature. Wash and rubbing fastness of nylon are higher than that of cotton and polyester. Light fastness of cotton is higher than that of polyester and nylon.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.438-444
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• 2011

Bamboo leaves, as natural dye provide unartificial fresh green, are known for expert property at anti-bacterial, anti-aging, anti-oxidation, skin whitening, moisturizing, peeling of horny, deodorizing and some skin disease like as eczema and inflammation without any allergic response. Also, It is quite common to obtain bamboo leaves from our surrounding but most of them were not in use. On purpose of development the way of recycle with common material to dye, bamboo leaves were used to dye on ramie fiber which is valuable for both of apparel and industrial field and investigated their dyeing property. Using extract from bamboo leaves, dyeing property was examined with dyeability, colorimetric property, light fastness and wash fastness under different conditions by extract density, dyeing time, dyeing method and mordants. As results, dyeing was generally colored in yellowish, K/S Value was shown more higher on hemp fiber than ramie. The most optimum dyeing condition was investigated on pre-mordant treatment, dyeing temperature $60^{\circ}C$, dyeing time 30min and extract density 400%. On the treatment with mordant(Al, Fe, Cu), dyebility on both of hemp and ramie fiber were increased by mordant. Especially with Copper(Cu) as mordant, dyebility was highly increased than any other mordants and dyeings showed in deep color. Also on the fastness test which is the most important to natural dyeing, wash-fastness showed good performance with 4-5 grade but light-fastness was above 4 grade on both of hemp and ramie fiber, lower than wash-fastness overall.