• 비교문화연구
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• 제19권
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• pp.25-38
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• 2010

The "Name" is not only representative of a person but also a cultural heritage containing national cultures. Therefore, we can easily find some cultural value from the square inch sized seal texts. This article is a comprehensive study of the characteristics of names appeared on the seals in the Warring States Period. In the Warring States Period, single name is generally used for naming and this style can be divided into 13 categories. Except unavoidable cases, such as using the name of place, the name of person or the reason of physical characteristics, using double name is very rare and this style can be categorized by 8 kinds. In result, using double name is defined as a fringe method of naming in the Warring States Period. In addition, we can find a big difference between the names of Warring States Period and those of Post-Qin and Han Dynasties in the structural aspects. In conclusion, understanding of the characteristics of names from the Warring States Period can be a great help to better understanding of ancient books and unearthed documents.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제41권
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• pp.163-175
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• 2015

최근 전국시대(戰國時代) 고문자에 대한 연구가 활성화 되면서 당시 문자에 대해 좀 더 정확한 판독을 할 수 있게 되었으며, 이러한 성취를 바탕으로 다양한 전문서적이 발간되었다. 이러한 서적들은 최근 고문자연구의 성과를 종합 정리한 것이며, 더 나아가 해당 문자를 국가별로 분류하여 학술적 활용 가치가 매우 높다고 평가할 수 있다. 다만 일부 문자의 판독 및 국가 분류에 있어 보완 및 수정의 여지가 있는 곳이 일부 보이고 있다. 이 논문은 고새휘편(古璽彙編) 0024에 수록된 '사마지새(司馬之璽)' 인장(印章)을 연구 대상으로 하고 있다. 일반적으로 초(楚)나라 인장(印章)으로 분류하고 있지만, 제(齊)나라 또는 연(燕)나라 인장(印章)으로 분류하는 견해도 있다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.493-494
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• 2020

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.145-166
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• 2017

Objectives : The paper aims to study the philosophical background of Huangdineijing by taking into account the fact that its ideas are identical to that of the period between the Warring States and Han. Methods : Through considering the period and the historical backdrop in which Huangdineijing was published, and through considering the book with other texts such as Huangdisijing, the paper draws the common spirit of the time and analyzed the cause and flow of philosophies and ideas that influenced Huangdineijing. Conclusions : 1. Books that upheld Huangdi contained within Hanshu・Yiwenzhi have a common point with the mythical symbol of Huangdi in that they are related to the rule of a nation and the creation of a civilization. Huangdi, who in Huangdineijing bears a need to be understand at this common point of view. 2. The spirit of the period between Warring States and Han can be deduced as "a movement towards unification" and "the development of a civilization infused with spirit of unification." Such spirit of time are reflected in Huangdineijing as Nine Acupuncture(Official Acupuncture) and the establishment of the measuring standards for meridian, bone, and internal organ, and the establishment of the concept of 'Pyungin.' Especially the construction of waterways that connected Huanghe and Yangzijiang river with their tributaries that formed a direct composition of unification was applied to human body in Huangdineijing, thereby establishing the concept of 'Mai'. 3. Unlike Lao Zhuang School of Taoism was not interested in the act of ruling at all, Huangdineijing and its contemporary publication Huangdisijing, present their readers with Number, Law, Rule, Regulation and Governance. Here, the philosophy and the idea which seek "Law" as the methods of ruling the nation by actively participating in the governance of the nation based on the model of natural law and rule appear. Such philosophy and idea is an evidence of the influence of Fajia in accordance with the social and realistic changes witnessed during the time.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.4-29
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• 2017

본 글은 중국 자료의 편년을 통해 한국식동검문화의 개시 연대를 파악하는 데 목적을 두었다. 여기에서는 한반도의 한국식동검과 중국의 동주식동검에 동일한 구분마연 기술이 존재하는 점을 주목하였다. A1식 구분마연 기술이 관찰되는 동주식동검은 '1958년 산동성 안구시 수습품'으로 전해져 명확한 출토양상을 파악할 수 없다. 때문에 비교자료인 제남 좌가와 1호묘 출토 동주식동검과 공반품을 제시하였다. 공반품은 청동무기, 청동예기 등이 출토되어 유적의 연대는 춘추-전국시대 과도기~전국시대 전기로 편년된다. 출토된 양 동검은 형식학적 유사성 및 편년적 위치를 동일하게 설정할 수 있게 된다. 따라서 한반도 제유적 출토의 한국식동검은 중국 출토 A1식 구분마연 기술의 동주식동검과 일정기간 병행되어 성립되는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 또한 A2식 구분마연 기술이 확인되는 산서성 만영묘전 61M1호묘의 연대는 전국시대 전기~중기로 편년되며 A1식 구분마연 기술과 연동되어 전개되는 것으로 확인된다. 결국 중국 자료의 편년을 통해 볼 때 한국식동검문화의 개시 연대는 춘추-전국시대 과도기~전국시대 전기로 이해되고, 기원전 5~4세기로 편년된다. 이와 같은 연대는 기원전 6~5세기로 편년되는 심양 정가와자 6512호묘에 후행되며 요령식동검문화와 한국식동검문화는 자연스럽게 연동되는 것을 알 수 있다. 나아가 A1식 구분마연 기술은 한반도 서남부지역과 중국 산동반도, A2식 구분마연 기술은 한반도 남부지역과 중국 산서지역 및 일본 북부구주지역에 분포한다. 구분마연 기술의 무기형청동기를 통해 볼 때 중국 산동반도(중원지역) ${\leftrightarrows}$ 한반도 서남부지역(서북부지역) ${\leftrightarrows}$ 일본 북부구주지역은 하나의 교통로(전파 경로)로 설정된다. 이는 한반도를 중심으로 구분마연 기술이 출현하고, 지역적 확산이 전개되는 바이다.

• 복식
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• 제42권
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• pp.25-42
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• 1999

This study aims to prove that the fact that minority races in the north-eastern region contributed sable skin to the Quing Dynasty might be related to Cho-Sun of King Muryong in the Warring states period because documents are available here and there. The Chinese had been using fur clothing since ancient times but we cannot find any mention that they had used sable skin. This fact shows that sable skin was not widely used because of its rarity. Cho-pi had been used in making costume on a large scale from the period of the Han Dynasty to the end of the Quing Dynasty. Cho-pi was very rare and it was used as a measure of bartering. China met the demand of cho-pi by the Cho-pi contributions of the frontier minority races. It might bwe that the high demand of Cho-pi in the Quing Dynasty forced minority races to contribute Cho-pi The documents concerning Cho-pi in the north-eastern region are of great importance not only to the history of costume but also to the history of ancient economy and national culture.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.63-112
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• 2003

Although the HawngJeNeKyung(黃帝內經) was regarded as the the extremly aged book in oriental medicine history, We can find out many quotations in the HawngJeNeKyung. Some of this quotations are applicable to the age of the Warring States(戰國), but the other quotations are correspond to its after the period of HouHan(後漢). The books included before the QianHan(前漢) are 12 kinds of books, such as KyuTak(揆度), KiHang(奇恒), SangKyung(上經), HaKyung(下經), etc. The books included after the HouHan(後漢) are 5 kinds of books, such as CheonWonOkChek(天元玉冊), DaeYo(大要), HyunJuMilEo(玄珠密語), etc. Founded on these various books, the theories of oriental medicine was accomplished in the HawngJeNeKyung.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.25-44
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• 1995

Bricks are the earliest man-made building materials. Small-size bar bricks were found in use in the Warring States Period(戰國時代) in China. During the Qin(秦) and the Han(漢) Dynasties, brick constructions were built on a larger scale, but most of them were tombs. In case of Korea, bricks were found in use in the Three Kingdoms Period, but also most of them were tombs. Starting from the Unified Silla Period(統一新羅時代), brick gradually became a universal practice to built Buddhist Pagodas with bar bricks. Brick pagodas emergence marked a stage where technological progress made it possible for man to built high-rise brick work, and their dvelopment further perfected masonry technique and enabled building technology to attain new heights. Though from the very start brick pagodas existed side by side with stone pagodas, at the enitial stage they were overshadowed by their wooden counterparts and stone counterparts, because masonry thechiques were then still rather primitive, while woodwork and stonework had already reached a fairly advaced stage. The pagodas in ancient Korea were closely related to the Chinese stupa, which consisted of three parts, namely, the base, the body and the spire. The fact was, soon after the stupas were introduced into Korea, the Korean stupas began to develop features of their own. Korean brick pagodas were made up of a single-storeyed square base, multi-storeyed square body with a small gate, and a steel post with several layers of lotus flower superimposed one on the other.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2022

Objectives : This paper aims to analyze the origins of the pathogenic qi[邪氣] concept through analysis of related character shapes and examples within the Mawangdui Yishu, where we can grasp the state of medicine pre-Huangdineijing. Methods : Etymology was determined through ancient character analysis, while examples of its usage and original texts were compared to extract their implications. For usage analysis, medical texts of later periods that contained similar verses or contents with the Mawangdui text were compared, through which similarities and changes in meaning of the word or verse were examined. Conclusions : While the term 'xieqi(邪氣, pathogenic qi)' had not yet been mentioned in the Mawangdui text, 'eqi(惡氣)' was used similarly. Wind[風], cold[寒], dampness[濕] were not only understood as terms referring to weather or climate but possible causes for disease. Meanwhile, there was lingering belief from the Shang(商) period that saw disease as God's punishment, which could be seen as transition phenomenon from superstition to rational thought. Through diseases 'wind disease[風病]' and 'bi(痹)', we could determine that medicine at the time was limited to the Yin-yang theory, having not yet integrated the Five phases perspective. Moreover, the possibility of other pathogenic qi elements, 'heat[暑]', 'dryness[燥]', and 'fire[火]' could be assumed to have been embedded in 'wenbing(溫病)'.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2014

Bangryeong generally means rectangular collars at present. However, it is estimated that there would be Bangryeong in different shapes besides rectangular shape in ancient times, but there is no accurate evidence. The dispute on the shape of Bangryeong started with the records in Yegi(禮記) and Simui written during Zhou period, China, the oldest records on Bangryeong. However, there are no remains or paintings(pictorial data) accurately proving the different shapes of Bangryeong. While the new shape of Gokgeop(collar of Simui) was mentioned by Zhu Xi during Song period, it was not accurately verified. There are almost no literature, excavated objects or pictorial data on the shapes of Bangryeong which are not definitely identified. The shape of Bangryeong is identified to a certain extent by objects excavated or pictorial data during Yuan and Ming period. There will be definite reasons why Zhou Xibao and Hua Mei, the scholars in China, the y-shaped collar rolled on the chest among the objects excavated during Warring States Period as Bangryeong or Guryeong. Thus, this paper investigated the notes and description in Yegijeongui(禮記正義) and the records and notes during the Han period which are mentioned most frequently except Yegi among the records on Bangryeong. Accordingly, this paper identified that there are different shapes of Bangryeong except rectangular shape during the Han period. It is estimated that Bangyeong at that time had symmetric collars, the collars of Jikryeong which are not overlapped. The collar section after the neck section was straight. It was also said that Bangyeong was women's clothing. In other words, Bangyeong in the Han period suggests that the collar of Jikryeong was Bangryeong. As discussed above, Bangryeong has the long history and different meanings by period. However, it is very difficult to accurately define Bangryeong because there are almost no records on it. Nevertheless, Bangryeong will be discussed more in further study.