• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.363-369
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• 1999

Reconstruction of the past vegetational changes of Korea in connection with climate changes enables to understand the impacts of past and future global warming on alpine vegetation. Despite the early appearance of the cold-tolerant vegetation since the Mesozoic Era. the occurrence of warmth-tolerant vegetation during the Oligocene and Miocene implies that most of alpine and subalpine vegetations have been confined to the alpine and subalpine belts of northern Korean Peninsula. The presence of cold-episodes during the Pleistocene. however. might have caused a general southward and downslope expansions of cold-tolerant alpine and subalpine vegetation. But the climatic warming trend during the Holocene or post-glacial period eventually has isolated cold-tolerant alpine and subalpine vegetation mainly in the northern Korea. but also on scattered high mountains in the southern Korea. The presence of numerous arctic-alpine and alpine plants on the alpine and subalpine belts is mainly due to their relative degree of sensitivity to high summer temperatures. Global warming would cause important changes in species composition and altitudinal distributional pattern. The altitudinal migration of temperate vegetation upward caused by climatic warming would eventually devastate alpine plants.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제105권3호
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• pp.284-293
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• 2016

도시화에 의해 고립된 임지의 식생특성 변화를 파악하기 위하여, 부산광역시 황령산을 대상으로 1996년과 2015년에 식물사회학적 방법으로 식생조사를 실시하였다. 식생유형(종조성기준)은 군락군수준에서는 거의 변화가 없었으나 군락수준이하에서는 다소 변화가 나타났다. 단위면적당($/100m^2$) 총피도와 평균종수는 각각 1996년 175%, 17종에서 2015년 191%, 19종으로 다소 증가하였다. 구성종의 상대중요치는 아교목층 이하에서 한반도 잠재자연식생인 신갈나무, 졸참나무 등 참나무류는 감소한 반면, 난대 및 상록성 식물인 비목나무, 때죽나무, 구골나무 등과 생태적 적응 범위가 넓은 국수나무가 크게 증가하였다. 생활형 조성은 전체적으로 1996년과 2015년 모두 $MM-R_5-D_4-e$로 변화가 없었으나, 휴면형의 경우 반지중식물(H)과 일년생 식물(Th)이 감소한 반면 관목성인 미소지상식물(N)은 상대적으로 높은 증가율을 나타내었고, 종자 산포형의 경우 풍수산포형($D_1$)은 다소 감소한 반면, 동물산포형($D_2$)은 70%이상의 증가율을 나타내었다. 상관식생 유형의 공간적 분포 특성의 변화를 대축척(1/5,000) 정밀상관식생도를 작성하여 비교하였다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.323-337
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• 2006

This work discussed the species composition, phylogeny, spatio-temporal distribution, ecology and natural history of North Korean Pinaceae or pine tree family, which seems to be important to maintain nature and ecosystem in the Korean Peninsula. Out of five genera and sixteen species of Pinaceae of the Korean Peninsula, North Korea contains four genera and eleven species of Pinaceae, including Pinus densilflora, P. koraiensis, P. pumila, Picea jezoensis, P. koraiensis, P. koraiensis var. koraiensis, P. pungsanensis, Larix gmelini, L. gmelinii var. olgensis, Abies holophylla and A. nephrolepis. In terms of phylogeny Pinus is closely related to Picea, and followed by Larix. Abies is close to Tsuga which only occur at Ullung Island. Distributional pattern of North Korean Pinaceae can be classified into four types; three species of nation-wide montane type i.e., Pinus densilflora, P. koraiensis and Abies holophylla, four species of central and northern subalpine type, i.e., Pinus pumila, Picea koraiensis, Larix gmelini and Abies nephrolepis, one nation-wide subalpine type, Picea jezoensis, and three species disjunctive to north type, i.e., Picea koraiensis var. koraiensis, P. pungsanensis, and Larix gmelinii var. olgensis. Pinaceae species occurring on the alpine and subalpine belts of North Korea, such as Pinus koraiensis, P. pumila, Picea jezoensis, P. koraiensis, P. koraiensis var. koraiensis, P. pungsanensis, Larix gmelini, L. gmelinii var. olgensis and A. nephrolepis are considered as the glacial descendant from the boreal region. Those species might have migrated from the north during the Pleistocene glacial epochs in search of favourable condition, and since the Holocene period they survived on the hostile alpine and subalpine environments, in which they are more competitive than warmth-tolerant temperate vegetation. Certain species, such as Picea pungsanensis, is segregated on the isolated mountains since the Pleistocene period, and forced to adapt to local environment, and eventually became an endemic species of North Korea. Recent rapid global warming trend especially in northern high mountains of North Korea could cause an unfavourable environment for the survival of cold-tolerant Pinaceae of the alpine and subalpine belts. Pinus densiflora, which is occurring on the montane belt might faced with difficulties due to both the deforestation and the outbreak of insect-borne disease, such as Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.