• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.453-457
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• 2006

Activity and stability of kiwifruit actinidine was determined in various conditions of pH, salt, and temperature using N-${\alpha}$-CBZ-lysine P-nitrophenyl ester as the substrate. Actinidine activity was low below pH 6, and undetectable below pH 3. The enzyme was stable in a pH range of 6.0-8.5. At $4^{\circ}C$ the enzyme was inactive in the presence of greater than 36% vinegar and in 2 M NaCl. Actinidine at $25^{\circ}C$ was unstable in 24% vinegar but stable in up to 3 M NaCl. With regard to freeze-thaw stability, actinidine retained 85% residual activity after being frozen at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 3 days. Based on Arrenius and Lineweaver-Burk plots, actinidine became unstable at greater than $45^{\circ}C$ with only 30% residual activity remaining after 6 min. The Km, kcat, and kcat/Km values of actinidine were $56\;{\mu}M$, 67/sec, and $1.2\;{\mu}M/sec$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.3-38
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• 1996

The mobile station shall convolutionally encode the data transmitted on the reverse traffic channel and the access channel prior to interleaving. Code symbols output from the convolutional encoder are repeated before being interleaved except the 9600 bps data rate. All the symbols are then interleaved, 64-ary orthogonal modulation, direct-sequence spreading, quadrature spreading, baseband filtering and QPSK transmission. The sync, paging, and forward traffic channel except the pilot channel in the forward CDMA channel are convolutionally encoded, block interleaved, spread with Walsh function at a fixed chip rate of 1.2288 Mcps to provide orthogonal channelization among all code channels. Following the spreading operation, the I and Q impulses are applied to respective baseband filters. After that, these impulses shall be transmitted by QPSK. Authentication in the CDMA system is the process for confirming the identity of the mobile station by exchanging information between a mobile station and the base station. The authentication scheme is to generate a 18-bit hash code from the 152-bit message length appended with 24-bit or 40-bit padding. Several techniques are proposed for the authentication data computation in this paper. To protect sensitive subscriber information, it shall be required enciphering ceratin fields of selected traffic channel signaling messages. The message encryption can be accomplished in two ways, i.e., external encryption and internal encryption.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.23-55
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• 2023

Just as globalization has many aspects and has developed in various, sometimes contradictory ways with both positive and negative impacts, so too would the reverse process of deglobalization have wide-ranging effects for individuals, communities, and nations. Some parts of globalization began to fray during the coronavirus pandemic (e.g. failing supply chains and disarray in the global shipping industry). Deglobalization would bring about much more significant changes in focusing on local production and consumption, eschewing non-essential flights and international tourism, and replacing personal experience with virtual presence. These impacts would be particularly severe for Vietnam, since its government has placed intensive connectivity with global production at the center of its model for the rapid development on which much of its legitimacy rests and it has joined as many international, multilateral organizations, and protocols as it has been able to do. Through critical analysis of secondary data from a wide range of sources, this paper examines the motivations that people, institutions, and governments might have to pursue deglobalization and then seeks evidence for whether the changes that would bring have started to affect Vietnam. While it is difficult to be too certain about this while the pandemic continues, it is evident that pressures are building in the global north to reconfigure supply chains for greater security, to reduce carbon emissions through regulating long-distance exchanges, and to withdraw from personal contacts. It is argued that a focus on digitalization in economy and society will help to mitigate the negative effects of deglobalization on Vietnam, at least in the medium-term.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39C no.2
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• pp.199-208
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• 2014

Code division multiple access (CDMA) is one of the promising medium access control (MAC) schemes for underwater acoustic sensor networks because of its robustness against frequency-selective fading and high frequency-reuse efficiency. As a way of performance evaluation, sea or lake experiment has been employed along with computer simulation.. In this study, we design the underwater CDMA forward-link transceiver and evaluate the feasibility aginst harsh underwater acoustic channel in water-tank first. Then, based on the water-tank experiment results, we improved the transceiver and showed the improvements in a lake experiment. A pseudo random noise code acquisition process is added for phase error correction before decoding the user data by means of a Walsh code in the receiver. Interleaving and convolutional channel coding scheme are also used for performance improvement. Experimental results show that the multiplexed data is recovered by means of demultiplexing at receivers with error-free in case of two users while with less than 15% bit error rate in case of three and four users.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics T
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• v.35T no.2
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• pp.48-55
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• 1998

The main drawback of filtered-X LMS(FXLMS) algorithm for the ANC of broadband noises is its low convergence speed when the filtered reference signals are strongly correlated, producing a large eigenvalue ratio in correlation matrix. This correlation can be caused either by autocorrelation of the signals of the reference sensors, or by coupling between the error path which introduces intercorrelation in the filtered reference signals. In this paper, we introduce a transform domain FXLMS(TD-FXLMS) algorithm that has a high convergence speed by orthogonal transform's decorrelation properties.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.11 no.3 s.32
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• pp.302-310
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• 2006

ITU-R B.O. 1130-4 Digital System E adopted for Korean satellite DMB service is a multimedia broadcasting system based on DS-CDM-QPSK technique which broadcasts audio and video contents via the satellite or terrestrial gap-filler. However, Digital System E can not provide full loading services because the multi-channel interference (MCI) is increased due to the loss of orthogonality between signature waveforms in multipath fading channels. In this paper a chip equalizer using tap selection algorithm that enhances the receiving performance is proposed and compared to the conventional rake receiver for the satellite DMB system.

• BMB Reports
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• v.51 no.9
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• pp.468-473
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• 2018

Purinergic receptor signaling is increasingly recognized as an important regulator of inflammation. The P2X family purinergic receptors P2X5 and P2X7 have both been implicated in bone biology, and it has been suggested recently that P2X5 may be a significant regulator of inflammatory bone loss. However, a role for P2X5 in periodontitis is unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate the functional role of P2X5 in ligature-induced periodontitis in mice. Five days after placement of ligature, analysis of alveolar bone revealed decreased bone loss in $P2rx5^{-/-}$ mice compared to $P2rx7^{-/-}$ and WT control mice. Gene expression analysis of the gingival tissue of ligated mice showed that IL1b, IL6, IL17a and Tnfsf11 expression levels were significantly reduced in $P2rx5^{-/-}$ compared to WT mice. These results suggest the P2X5 receptor may regulate bone loss related to periodontitis and it may thus be a novel therapeutic target in this oral disease.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1133-1133
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• 2001

Fruit sweetness, as indexed by total soluble solids (TSS), and fruit acidity are key factors in the description of the fruit eating quality. Our group has been using short wave NIR spectroscopy (SW-NIR; 700-1100 nm) in combination with chemometric methods (PLS and MLR) for the non-invasive determination of the fruit eating quality (1,2). In order to further improve calibration performance, we have investigated SW-NIR spectra of sucrose and D-glucose. In previous reports on the band assignment for these sugars in the 1100-2500 nm spectral region (3-7), it has been established that change in concentration, temperature and physical state of sugars reflects on the shape and position of the spectral bands in the whole NIR region(5-7). The effect of change in concentration and temperature of individual sugar solutions and sugar spiked Juice samples was analysed using combined spectroscopic (derivative, difference, 2D spectroscopy) and linear regression chemometric (PLS, MLR) techniques. The results have been compared with the spectral data of a range of fruit types, varying in TSS content and temperature. In the 800-950 nm spectral region, the B-coefficients for apples, peaches and nectarines resemble those generated in a calibration of pure sucrose in water (Fig. 1). As expected, these fruits exhibit better calibration and prediction results than those in which the B-coefficients were poorly related to those for sugar.(Figure omitted).

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.89-105
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• 2009

A family resilience approach aims to identify and fortify key interactional processes that enable families to withstand and rebound from disruptive life challenges. Walsh(1998) described family belief systems, organizational patterns, and communication processes as the three main keys of family resilience. The purpose of this study was to identify the three key factors of family resilience in case of divorced female single-parent families in Korea. The study participants were seven divorced mothers who were living in the institutional facility for female single-parent families. Using a qualitative approach, in-depth interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim for analysis. The study findings were as follows. First, the participants showed positive thinking rather than fear about the adversity induced by the divorce. They also showed the senses of competence, control, and self-esteem. However, the senses of transcendence and spirituality were barely evident. Second, emotional and economic supports from parents, brothers and sisters, and community networks (i.e., mother-child protection institution, healthy family support center) enhanced the family resilience of the participants. Third, the participants showed clear communication, open emotional expression, and shared decision making. This study suggests that more counseling services and parent education be provided by healthy family support center and institutional facilities as important family resilience factors for divorced female single-parent families who are below the poverty line.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.179-191
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• 2012

In 2003, the US Congress enacted the Code Adam Act of 2003. The Act was so-named in memory of six-year-old Adam Walsh, who was abducted from a Sears department store in Florida and was later found murdered in 1981. According to the Act, the designated authority for a public building must establish procedures for locating a child missing in a federal facility in the USA. In this context, the study basically aims to propose a legislative model for a missing children policy in Korean multi-use facilities, critically analyzing the US Code Adam Act. Unlike the Act, the proposed Korean bill requires all multi-use facilities beyond a certain size, including private buildings, to arrange a feasible missing child procedure on their own premises. The bill can impose an administrative fine on facilities which don't have the procedure in place, and further can make the list of the facilities known to the public. In order to encourage voluntary participation from the private sector, the bill finally suggests the Voluntary Certification Scheme through which participating business can take advantage of the certification logo commercially.