• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.47-60
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• 1977

A $7{\sim}10%$ aqueous phosphate solution comprised of 85% sodium tripolyphosphate and 15% sodium hexametaphosphate was injected into tuna flesh prior to precook until the fish weight increased approximately $4{\sim}10%$. The experiments were conducted at a commercial tuna processing plant using Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) of $45{\sim}68kg$ and $7.3{\sim}10.5kg$ sizes, and Skipjack tuna (Euthynnus pelamis) of $4.5{\sim}5.0kg$ size. The experimental results showed that the phosphate treatment resulted in: 1. Approximately $5{\sim}8%$ increase in yield and somewhat more moist meat with the large Yellowfin. 2. Approximately $3{\sim}8%$ increase in yield with the smaller Yellowfin. 3. Approximately $1{\sim}4%$ increase in yield with the Skipjack. 4. Minimal improvement in color and flavor.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.713-717
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• 2008

In the present study, chronic effects of the hot water extracts of walnut seed (Juglans regia L.) (WSE) and Nelumbo nucifera seed (NSE) were investigated in mice exposed to 2 hr of restraint stress each day for 4 weeks. Corticosterone levels in serum were significantly increased in the vehicle-treated stressed group ($25\;{\mu}g/dL$) compared to that in the control group ($13\;{\mu}g/dL$). This stress induced gastric redness and lesions. However, treatment with WSE and/or NSE significantly protected the stomach from this lesion by 50-60% compared to that in the vehicletreated group. In the amygdala, the administration of WSE and/or NSE also reduced the immediate early gene (c-fos) expression by 70-90% vs. the vehicle-treated group. These suggest that WSE and/or NSE may reduce the appearance of symptoms induced by stress and these materials are useful as anti-stress foods, as natural products tend to be relatively safe compared to chemical products.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.297-303
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• 2011

The purpose of this research is to detect whether agricultural products were electron beam irradiated or non-irradiated by chemical methods according to increase of storage period. The three fat-rich samples including soybean, walnut, and sesame were chosen as agricultural products, and then were irradiated with doses of 1~10 kGy by using 10 MeV electron beam facility. At the result, 8-heptadecene and 1,7-hexadecadiene, which are indicators of electron beam-irradiation in chemical methods by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS) method, were detected in all three samples. The levels of two irradiation indicators were increased by electron beam-irradiation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, two irradiation indicators also were detected in all samples in 6 and 12 months after irradiation, though levels of those were decreased in a time-dependent manner. These results mean that the quantification of 8-heptadecene and 1,7-hexadecadiene could determine whether electron beam were irradiated or non-irradiated until 12 month after irradiation in 3 fat-rich agricultural products including soybean, walnut, and sesame.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.707-728
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• 2024

This study aimed to assess the colorizing properties of bacterial cellulose (BC) using plant-based dyes, namely spinach, beet, and banana peel, and determine the dyeing conditions of each dye based on color strength (K/S) values. Tannic acid and walnut shell powder were utilized as bio-mordants, and their effects on the dyeability of BC were compared to metallic mordants. Additionally, the type of mordant and the mordanting method were assessed according to their rubbing fastness and dry-cleaning fastness. The K/S values of the colorized and mordanted BCs were also compared to examine their mordanting conditions. Finally, the mordanting conditions for spinach, beet, and banana peel dyeing were selected as post-mordanting with tannic acid, meta-mordanting with tannic acid, and post-mordanting with walnut shell powder, respectively. Based on the results, the selected mordanting conditions improved both rubbing fastness and dry-cleaning fastness of BCs to grade 5, and the light fastness achieved grade 4-5. The tensile strength and flexibility of the dyed BCs were also enhanced and comparable to that of untreated cowhide leather.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.81 no.2
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• pp.191-199
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• 1992

This study was conducted to identify fungi causing canker dieback and melanconis disease of walnut trees (Juglans sinensis Dode) in Korea and clarify the pathogenicity and factors affecting the growth of these fungi. The causal fungi isolated from infected walnut stems and branches obtained from the commercial walnut orchards in Cheonwon, Goesan, Youngdong were identified as Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug, ex Fries) Casati et de Notaris, Phoniopsis albobestita Fairman, Melanconis juglandis (Ellis et Everhart) Graves and their pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculation test. Temperature range for minimum growth of three fungi was 8 to $35^{\circ}C$ and the optimum temperature for mycelial growth of B. dothidea and P. albobestita ranged from 25 to $30^{\circ}C$, while the optimum temperature for M. juglandis ranged from 20 to $25^{\circ}C$. The optimum pH range for mycelial growth of P. albobestita was 4.0~5.0 and that for B. dothidea and P. juglandis 4.0~8.0. Glucose, sucrose, starch or maltose, as a carbon source, and histidine or potassium nitrate as a nitrogen source were more suitable compounds for growth. of B, dothidea, P. albobestita grew very well on the medium containing alanine and potassium nitrate as a nitrogen source, and utilized well glucose and sucrose as a carbon source. M. juglandis grew well on the medium containing glucose, and sucrose as a carbon source and utilized well potassium nitrate as a nitrogen source. The dieback and twig blight caused by P. albobestita were more severe than those by B. dothidea and M. juglandis at three locations investigated. Incidences of canker and dieback were more frequently observed in aged walnut trees than in young ones.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2000

Bacteriological quality evaluations were carried out for rice rolled in laver(Kimbab), Hamburger, Walnut cake and chinese noodle (Jajangmyun), which were on sale in April and May 1995, in May and July 1997 and in January 1999, at 20 different resting places on Kyung-Bu, Ho-Nam, Joong-Bu and Young-Dong Highway in Korea. Food poisoning bacteria were not detected. However numerous coliform bacteria were dectected saying that the sanitary condition of foods on sale at resting places of the highways was not hygienic. There exited 8.8$\times$10$^{4}$~6.6$\times$10$^{5}$ cells/g of coliform bacteria in all the Kimbab sold in 1995. As for Hamburger, 1.8$\times$10$^{2}$~4.7$\times$10$^{4}$ cells/g of coliform bacteria proliferated in all the samples. In 1997,E. coli was found in 16 cases and 21 cases respectively out of 22 Kimbab samples, Hamburger dealing at 7 resting places out of 14 were contaminated with 1.7$\times$10$^{2}$~1.9$\times$10$^{7}$ cells/g of coliform bacteria and Hamburgers dealing at 2 resting places were infected by 5. coli. In contrast to the Kimbab and Hamburger, all the 6 Walnut cake samples were free from the microbial pollution exhibitory that their hygienic condition was satisfactory. 3 samples out of 6 Jajangmyun were contaminated by 7.1$\times$10$^{2}$~2.0$\times$10$^{3}$ cells/g of coliform bacteria, but E. coli was not detected. Compared Kimbab sold in 1995 and 1997 with 1999, Kimbab sold in it can be said that hygienic control fur Kimbab should be performed more strictly during hot season than during cold season. Walnut cake was the safest against microbial contamination, followed by Jajangmyun, Hamburger and Kimbab in decreasing order, indicating that foods with mixed ingredients such as Kimbab and Hamburger were more susceptible to microbial infection, so that a more systematic safety control is needed for such foods during cooking, processing and distribution.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.433-440
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• 2015

Several studies suggest that regular consumption of walnuts may have beneficial effects against oxidative stress-mediated disease such as cancer. The present study reports the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, together with the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of several solvent extracts (methanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water) obtained from walnut (Juglans regia L.) green husk. MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) values of the walnut extracts for 8 human pathogenic bacteria strain were determined using agar dilution method. Antioxidant activity of extracts were assessed using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) assays, EC₅₀ of DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities, and determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content and its correlation with DPPH and ABTS scavenging capacities. Among the six extracts, ethyl acetate extract (EtOAc Ex) showed the highest antimicrobial activity at 3.2 mg/ml of MICs against Staphylococcus aureus SG511. Total flavonoids and polyphenol contents of EtOAc Ex were 42.48 mg of quercetin equivalents (QE)/g and 223.25 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g respectively. The highest antioxidative potential was shown by the sample extracted with EtOAc Ex (EC₅₀=13.43 μg/ml for DPPH and EC₅₀=41.83 μg/ml for ABTS radical scavenging activity assay). These results showed that J. regia green husk extracts can be used as an easily accessible source of natural antibacterial agents and natural antioxidants.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.463-471
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• 2008

This study investigated the clinical effectiveness and safety of sealed bleaching compared to conventional in-office bleaching using a randomized clinical trial of split arch design. Ten participants received a chairside bleaching treatment on the upper anterior teeth, and each side was randomly designated as sealed or control side. A mixture of Brite powder (PacDent, Walnut, USA), 3% hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide (KoolWhite, PacDent, Walnut, USA) were used as bleaching agent. The control side was unwrapped and the experimental side was covered with a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) wrap for sealed bleaching. The bleaching gel was light activated for 1 hour. The tooth shades were evaluated before treatment, after treatment, and at one week check up by means of a visual shade (VS) assessment using a value oriented shade guide and a computer assisted shade assessment using a spectrophotometer (SP). The data were analyzed by paired t-test. In the control and sealed groups, the visual shade scores after bleaching treatment and at check up showed statistically significant difference from the preoperative shade scores (p<.05). The shade scores of the sealed group were significantly lighter than the control immediately after bleaching and at the check-up appointment (p<0.05). Compared to prebleaching status, the ${\Delta}E$ values at post bleaching condition were $4.35{\pm}1.38\;and\;5.08{\pm}1.34$ for the control and sealed groups, respectively. The ${\Delta}E$ values at check up were $3.73{\pm}1.95\;and\;4.38{\pm}2.08$ for the control and sealed groups. ${\Delta}E$ values were greater for the sealed group both after bleaching (p<.05) and at check up (p<.05). In conclusion, both ${\Delta}E$ and shade score changes were greater for the sealed bleaching group than the conventional bleaching group, effectively demonstrating the improvement of effectiveness through sealing.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.541-553
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• 1995

In order to study the stability of herbal oil(Yoo-Je), the Yoo-Je from walnut and safflower measured their rancidity by gas chromatographic analysis. The use of specificity of column for estimating the oxidative deterioration of Yoo-Je was attempted. These results suggested the possible implication of pentanal and hexanal as an stability index for rancidity evaluation of Yoo-Je.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.57-67
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• 2012

Recently, shows the possibility of providing such dyed-gathered woods after forming single boar This studyds with using cheap timbers generated by the thinning. It is helpful for master artisans are suffering from finding qualified materials. Traditionally, the master artisan has been used the beautiful grained wood from around roots of old zelkova trees and black persimmon trees. Instead, this study shows that dyed-gathered woods replace the natural grained wood and also produces a furniture made of an aggregate and a plate from walnut trees and ash trees which are a contrast to dyed-gathered woods. Dyed-gathered woods can reproduce the various colors to satisfy people's tastes, and the dignified grains that we can see in the old woods. Besides, dyed-gathered woods can replace rare materials and provide higher reliability of supplies.