• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.279-289
• /
• 2018

Shear walls are one of the important structural elements for bearing loads imposed on buildings due to winds and earthquakes. Composite shear walls with high lateral resistance, and high energy dissipation capacity are considered as a lateral load system in such buildings. In this paper, a composite shear wall consisting of steel faceplates, infill concrete and tie bars which tied steel faceplates together, and concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) as boundary columns, was modeled numerically. Test results were compared with the existing experimental results in order to validate the proposed numerical model. Then, the effects of some parameters on the behavior of the composite shear wall were studied; so, the diameter and spacing of tie bars, thickness and compressive strength of infill concrete, thickness of steel faceplates, and the effect of strengthening the bottom region of the wall were considered. The seismic behavior of the modeled composite shear wall was evaluated in terms of stiffness, ductility, lateral strength, and energy dissipation capacity. The results of the study showed that the diameter of tie bars had a trivial effect on the performance of the composite shear wall, but increasing the tie bars spacing decreased ductility. Studying the effect of infill concrete thickness, concrete compressive strength, and thickness of steel faceplates also showed that the main role of infill concrete was to prevent buckling of steel faceplates. Also, by strengthening the bottom region of the wall, as long as the strengthened part did not provide a support performance for the upper part, the behavior of the composite shear wall was improved; otherwise, ductility of the wall could be reduced severely.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제51권3호
• /
• pp.361-375
• /
• 2014

The main aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between thickness and height of the axially symmetric cylindrical reinforced concrete (RC) walls by the help of a meta-heuristic optimization procedure. The material cost of the wall which includes concrete, reinforcement and formwork, was chosen as objective function of the optimization problem. The wall thickness, compressive strength of concrete and diameter of reinforcement bars were defined as design variables and tank volume, radius and height of the wall, loading condition and unit cost of material were defined as design constants. Numerical analyses of the wall were conducted by using superposition method (SPM) considering ACI 318-Building code requirements for structural concrete. The optimum wall thickness-height relationship was investigated under three main cases related with compressive strength of concrete and density of the stored liquid. According to the results, the proposed method is effective on finding the optimum design with minimum cost.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.751-757
• /
• 2001

An experimental study of impinging jet-flow structure has been carried out for a fully developed single circular jet impingement cooling on a flat plate, and the effect of the wall thickness at nozzle exit edge is investigated. Impinging jet flow structures have been measured by Laser-Doppler Velocimeter to interpret the heat transfer results presented previously by Yoon et al.(sup)(10) The peaks of heat transfer rate are observed near the nozzle edge owing to the radial acceleration of jet flow when the nozzle locates close to the impingement plate. The growth of the velocity fluctuations in the wall jet flow is induced by the vortices which originate in the jet shear layer, and consequently the radial distribution of local Nusselt numbers has a secondary peak at the certain radial position. As a wall of circular pipe nozzle becomes thicker for small nozzle-to-target distance, the entrainment can be inhibited, consequently, the acceleration of wall jet flow is reduced and the heat transfer rate decreases.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.226-233
• /
• 1995

CANDU 원자로에서 심각하게 대두되는 압력관 파손을 방지하기 위해 압력관의 두께를 증가시키는 방안이 연구되었다. 본 연구에서는 압력관 두께변화가 Zr-2.5Nb 압력관의 응력, 수소농도 및 수소지연파괴에 미치는 영향에 대해 연구를 수행하였다. 압력관 두께가 현재의 4.2 mm에서 5.2 mm로 증가할 경우에 압력관이 받는 응력과 발전소 가동중에 누적되는 중수소 흡수량은 19% 줄어드는 것으로 나타났으며, 압력관에 균열이 발생할 경우 발전소 냉각동안에 일어나는 균열 성장은 상당히 감소한다. 수소지연파괴는 압력관이 받는 응력과 누적되는 수소량에 비해 지배되는데 이와 같은 결과로부터 두꺼운 압력관은 수소지연파괴 관점에서 상당한 이점이 있는 것으로 평가되었다. 그러나 압력관 두께 증가는 수소지연파괴의 성장속도를 가속할수도 있으므로 앞으로 연구할 사항이다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제54권1호
• /
• pp.87-103
• /
• 2015

This paper focuses on an analytical research on the critical buckling load of cylindrical shells with stepwise variable wall thickness under axial compression. An arctan function is established to describe the thickness variation along the axial direction of this kind of cylindrical shells accurately. By using the methods of separation of variables, small parameter perturbation and Fourier series expansion, analytical formulas of the critical buckling load of cylindrical shells with arbitrary axisymmetric thickness variation under axial compression are derived. The analysis is based on the thin shell theory. Analytic results show that the critical buckling load of the uniform shell with constant thickness obtained from this paper is identical with the classical solution. Two important cases of thickness variation pattern are also investigated with these analytical formulas and the results coincide well with those obtained from other authors. The cylindrical shells with stepwise variable wall thickness, which are widely used in actual engineering, are studied by this method and the analytical formulas of critical buckling load under axial compression are obtained. Furthermore, an example is presented to illustrate the effects of each strake's length and thickness on the critical buckling load.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.321-328
• /
• 2006

본 연구에서는 범용난류유동수치모형인 FLUENT를 이용하여 다양한 유공벽의 두깨와 흐름 조건에 대한 수치실험을 실시하고, 그 결과를 이용하여 유공벽의 두께가 고려된 새로운 에너지 손실계수 산정식을 얻었다. 그 결과 유공벽의 두께가 두꺼워질수록 에너지손실계수 ${\alpha}$가 감소하여 기존의 예연오리피스 감식에 의한 값의 최대 40%정도까지 감소함을 할 수 있었다. 새로운 공식의 타당성을 검토하기 위해 본 연구에서 계시한 공식을 이용하여 파 반사율을 구하고 기존의 공식에 의한 반사율 및 수리실험을 통해 측정된 결과와 비교하였으며, 새로운 공식의 우수성이 확인되었다.

• 소성∙가공
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.432-438
• /
• 2011

A method for estimating the shear spinnability is suggested, and it was applied to sheets of Ti-6Al-4V alloy for estimation of shear spinnability at hot working temperature. The effective working temperature was $850^{\circ}C$ or above. The hot spinning operation was carried out in two steps of shear spinning. The reduction of thickness at the first step was 50% and 45% at the second, and the overall reduction of thickness was 72.4%. The cone spinning process could produce a uniform wall thickness with only a few percent tolerance, proving itself appropriate for making cones of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with uniform wall thickness.

• 연구논문집
• /
• 통권31호
• /
• pp.135-147
• /
• 2001

The wall-thickness of insulated pipelines can be easily evaluated by measuring the gamma-ray transmission intensity because this intensity is inversely proportional to the thickness of insulated pipeline. The main purpose of this study is to develop the nondestructive and filmless on-line inspection system of corrosion by measuring the wall thickness of insulated pipeline. The inspection system is constructed with radioisotope, 64 channel photo diode array detector, crawler system and data taking and operating software. The traditional off-line radiographic method carried out by exposing film cassettes can be replaced by this cost-effective on-line digital imaging method and the application will be greatly expected especially in the chemical and petrochemical industries.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.46-52
• /
• 2019

This work proposes a noncontact ultrasonic transducer for detecting wall-thinning of containment liner plates of nuclear power plants by measuring their thickness without physical contact. Because the containment liner plate is designed to prevent atmospheric leakage of radioactive substances under severe nuclear accident, its wall-thinning inspection is important for safety of nuclear power plants. Wall-thinning investigation of containment liner plates have been carried out by measuring their thickness with contact-type ultrasonic thickness gauge by inspectors and needs a lot of time and cost. As an alternative, an electromagnetic acoustic transducer measuring precisely thickness of containment liner plates without any physical contact or couplant was suggested in this research. A transducer generating and measuring shear ultrasonic waves in thickness direction was designed and wave field produced by the transducer was analyzed to verify the design. The working performance of the suggested transducer was tested with carbon steel plate specimens with various thicknesses. The test result shows that the proposed transducer can measure thickness of the specimens precisely without any couplant and implies that swift scanning of wall-thinning of containment liner plates will be possible with the proposed transducer.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.32-37
• /
• 1998

The objective of this study was to analyze lodging-related traits using different cultivars from Korea, Japan, and the U.S. in direct seeded rice on dry paddy field. Stem diameter and culm wall thickness were highest in 'Caloro' followed by 'Nongan', 'M202', and 'Calrose'. All the U.S. cultivars were higher than the others in stem diameter and culm wall thickness. These two traits were important with regard to lodging. The highest breaking strength (1442g) was observed in Caloro. 'Gancheoek', 'Dongjin', and transplanted 'Hatsuboshi' showed more than 1000g in breaking strength. Lodging index was lowest in Hatsuboshi followed by Nongan and Gancheok. Even though breaking strength of the U.S. cultivars was higher than others, their lodging index values were high. There were no statistically significant differences in starch content. However, Calrose, Caloro, Dongjin, and Koshihikari were relatively higher than others in starch content. Positive correlations were found between culm base weight, lignin and breaking strength. High contents of lignin and cellulose were observed in Nongan, transplanted Hatsuboshi, Calrose, and Caloro. Traits such as stem diameter, culm wall thickness, bending moment, culm length, breaking strength, cellulose, lignin, and culm base weight were closely related to a lodging index. According to path coefficient analysis, most important traits were culm length, stem diameter, thickness of clum wall, and top plant weight.