• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.190-195
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• 1996

Texture-modifying and freeze-thaw stabilizing effects of different wheat gluten and modified starches on surimi based-product were evaluated. The different incorporation manners of wheat gluten and modified wheat starch in surimi gel were also examined to evaluate their effects of textural properties on surimi gel. The addition of wheat gluten reduced the gel strength of surimi, but after freeze-thaw cycle it significantly improved freeze-thaw stability by reducing freexe-thaw expressible moisture and also by preventing rubbery texture development, Gluten-1 incorporated surimi gel showed higher functionality in forming cohesive gel determined by compressive and penetration force as wall as expressible moisture after freeze-thaw cycle. Surimi gel containing modified wheat starch showed better freeze-thaw stability that of modified potato starch. When a preblended mixture of wheat gluten and starch are incorporated into surimi gel, it made gel texture significantly softer as so in high sensory score. The compertition for moisture between gluten and starch is a main reason to show different way of textural modification.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.41-58
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• 1992

In the present study, an analytical solution method is proposed for the seismic design of anchored sheet pile walls used in port. The proposed analytical method deals with the anchored sheet pile walls with free earth support in sands and c- U soils, including the effects of hydrodynamic pressures and a condition of steady seepage between the two water levels. Also, the effects of various parameters(differential in water levels, anchor position, wall friction angle, dredge line slope, cohesion, adhesion etc.) on embedment depth, anchor force, and maximum bending moment are analyzed using the proposed method. In addition, comparisons between different definitions of safety factor are made, and necessary considerations required in the design of anchored sheet pile walls are examined.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.1502-1508
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• 2011

Ground anchor expands the hollow wall of settled part and has the structure which resists the designed tensile load by the bearing pressure generated by the wedge of the anchor body pressing in the expanded part. Such ground anchor has been recognized for stability and economicality since 1960s in technologically advanced nations such as Japan and Europe, and in 1970s, the Japan Society of Soil Engineering has established and announced the anchor concept map. The ground anchor introduced in Korea, however, has the structural problem where the tensile strength is comes only from the ground frictional force due to expansion of the wedge body. In an interval where the ground strength is locally reduced due to fault, discontinuation or such, this is pointed out as a critical weakness where the anchor body of around 1.0m must resist the tensile load. Also, in the installation of concrete block, the concentrated stress of concrete block constructed on the uneven rock surface causes damage, and many such issues in the anchor head have been reported. Thus, in this study, by using the expanded bit for precise expansion of settled part, the ground anchor system was completed so that the bearing pressure of ground anchor can be expressed as much as possible, and the bearing plate was inserted into the ground to resolve the existing issues of concrete block. Through numerical analysis and pullout test executed for verification of site applicability, the pullout-behavior characteristics of anchor was analyzed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.33-33
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• 2009

Silicon nano-structures have great potential in bionic sensor applications. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) anodic oxidation have many advantages for the nanostructure fabrication, such as simple process in atmosphere at room temperature, compatibility with conventional Si process. In this work, we fabricated simple FET structures with channel width W~ 10nm (nanowire) and $1{\mu}m$ (nano-ribbon) on ~10, 20 and 100nm-thinned silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers in order to investigate the surface effect on the transport characteristics of nano-channel. For further quantitative analysis, we carried out the 2D numerical simulations to investigate the effect of channel surface states on the carrier distribution behavior inside the channel. The simulated 2D cross-sectional structures of fabricated devices had channel heights of H ~ 10, 20, and 100nm, widths of L ~ $1{\mu}m$ and 10nm respectively, where we simultaneously varied the channel surface charge density from $1{\times}10^{-9}$ to $1{\times}10^{-7}C/cm2$. It has been shown that the side-wall charge of nanowire channel mainly affect the I-V characteristics and this was confirmed by the 2D numerical simulations.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2016

The reinforced-concrete multi-story shear-wall structure, which can free a building from beams and columns to allow the planning of a vast room, has increasingly been used in Japan as a high-rise reinforced-concrete structure. Since this structural system concentrates the seismic force onto multi-story shear walls inside, the bending deformation of the walls may cause excessive deformation on the upper floors during an earthquake. However, it is possible to control the bending deformation to within a certain level by setting high-strength and rigid beams (outriggers) at the top of the multi-story shear walls; these outriggers restrain the bending behavior of the walls. Moreover, it is possible to achieve high energy dissipation by placing vibration control devices on the outriggers and thus restrain the bending behavior. This paper outlines the earthquake response analysis of a high-rise residential tower to demonstrate the effectiveness of the outrigger frame incorporating vibration control devices.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.324-331
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• 2016

The present study focuses on the characteristics of a supersonic jet flowing from a rectangular nozzle exit on a flat plate. Flow visualization techniques using schlieren and kerosene-lampblack tracing are utilized to investigate shock reflection structures and boundary-layer separations over a flat plate. Wall pressure measurements are also carried out to quantitatively analyze the flow structures. All observations are repeated for multiple jet flow boundary conditions by varying the flap length and nozzle pressure ratio. The experimental results show that the jet flow structures over the flat plate are highly three-dimensional with strong bleeding flows from the plate sides, and that they are sensitive to plate length and nozzle pressure ratio. A multi-component force measurement device is also utilized to observe the characteristics of the jet flow thrust vectoring over the plate. The maximum thrust deflection angle of the jet is about $8^{\circ}$, demonstrating the applicability of thrust vector control via a flat plate installed at the nozzle exit.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.249-256
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• 2002

The stability of slurry trench system is closely associated with the characteristics of the filter cake (assumed impervious membrane) transferring the hydrostatic force of slurry to the trench walls. The effectiveness of this assumption in a wide range of trench systems has been examined with the aid of a Finite Element program. Build up of excess porewater pressure in the soil mass behind the filter cake is a function of the slurry density, the properties of filter cake, the ground conditions, time, the geometry of trench and the original ground water level. These factors were all investigated by the Finite Element Method. The most significant factors were found to be the ground conditions and the properties of filter cake.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1138-1144
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• 2002

Recently GDI(Gasoline Direct Injection) engine is spot-lighted to achieve higher thermal efficiency under partial loads and better performance at full loads. To realize this system, it is essential to make both stratified combustion and homogeneous combustion. Spray pattern must be optimized according to injection timing because ambient pressure in combustion chamber is varied with crank angle. In this experimental study, two types of visualization system such as laser scattering method and schlieren method were developed to clarity the spray behavior during on intake stroke. As the ambient pressure increases, thepenetration length and spray angle show a tendancy to decrease due to rising resistance caused by the drag force of the ambient air. Distribution of injected fuel on intake stroke has a significant effect on homogeneous mixture in the cylinder. These results provide the information on macroscopic wall-wet growth in the cylinder and design factors for developing GDI injector.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.31 no.7 s.262
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• pp.628-634
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• 2007

The present study investigated the heat/mass transfer characteristics in an equilateral triangular channel simulating the leading edge cooling passage in gas turbine blade. Using naphthalene sublimation method and pressure measurement experiments, local mass (heat) transfer and pressure coefficients were obtained. The experiments were conducted with three rotating numbers between 0.0 and 0.1; two channel orientations of $0^{\circ}$ (model A) and $30^{\circ}$ (model B); the fixed Reynolds number of 10,000. The results showed that the channel rotation caused the heat transfer discrepancy between suction and pressure sides. Due to the secondary flow induced by Coriolis force, the high heat transfer appeared on the pressure side. When the channel orientation was $30^{\circ}$ (model B), the secondary flow caused the more uniform heat transfer distribution among leading edge and inner wall on pressure side than that of the model A.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.443-450
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• 2009

This paper describes the experimental study that was conducted on the temperature characteristic and bending capacity of a steel-plate-reinforced concrete-wall module (SC module). The steel plate ratio and temperature loading parameters were tested, and the influence of these parameters on the moment-curvature relationship and on the bending strength of the SC module was investigated. The fundamental-structure characteristic result of every SC module that assumed practical use was investigated. In this study, the bending and flexural characteristics of SC structures were evaluated to verify the yielding and ultimate strength of the SC beam under thermal-loading conditions.