• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.101-107
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• 2018

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of taping intervention in patients with stroke through a review analysis of taping interventions used to enhance physical function and activity in patients with stroke. We searched randomized controlled trials using electronic databases. We also manually reviewed sources to identify additional relevant studies. Taping intervention is an approach to treat individuals with impaired physical function and activity. Taping interventions affect body functions by providing increased muscle strength, proprioceptive sensation, and range of motion, as well as decreased rigidity and pain. Taping interventions also improve walking, balance and arm functions, such as physical activity. Taping intervention for patients with stroke has been shown to be highly effective and is therefore strongly recommended; however, it is suggested that it be further developed to improve its efficacy as an intervention method and to create additional taping methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.79-84
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• 2017

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine how task-oriented training focused on lower extremity strengthening can affect mobility function and postural stability. METHODS: The study's subjects included 10 children with cerebral palsy: 7 girls and 3 boys between the ages of 4 and 9 whose Gross Motor Functional Classification System (GMFCS) level was I or II. Their functional mobility was gauged using the Gross Motor Function Measurement (GMFM), and their postural stability was evaluated using a force platform. Participants received task-oriented training focused on lower extremity strengthening for 5 weeks. The study used a paired t-test to investigate the difference in mobility function and postural stability of children with cerebral palsy before and after the lower extremity strengthening exercise. RESULTS: The GMFM dimensions D (standing) (p<.02) and E (walking) (p<.001) improved significantly between the pre-test and post-test. A significant increase in the posturographic center of pressure (CoP) shift and surface area of the CoP were found overall between the pre-test and post-test (p<.001). CONCLUSION: The present study provides evidence that an 8-week task-oriented training focused on strengthening the lower extremities is an effective and feasible strategy for improving the mobility function and postural stability of children with cerebral palsy.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.47-52
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of the study was to examine if a respiratory muscle strengthening training in patients with stroke can improve their pulmonary function. Methods : Volunteers were included for the study if a patient diagnosed stroke more than 6 months and had 24 points or higher in MMSE-K scores. Twenty-eight subjects participated in this study and were randomly divided into two groups; a breathing exercise group(n=14) and a control group(n=14). The intervention for all subjects was conducted for 20minutes, three times a week for 4 weeks. Subjects for the breathing exercise group had the respiratory muscle strengthening training using spiro-tigers, where-as subjects in the control group got their usual treatment ie a postural training. The six-minute walking test(6MWT) and the pulmonary function tests(FVC, $FEV_1$, $FEV_1$/FVC, VC, Vt, IRV and ERV) were employed to assess treatment effects at baseline and after their intervention. Results : Twenty-four subjects finished their 4-week treatment programs. The general characteristics between groups were found to be similar (p>0.05). The pulmonary function between groups were also observed no difference across groups at the baseline measurement (p>0.05). In the post treatment group comparison, subjects in the breathing exercise group showed an increase in lung function with VC ($2.73{\pm}0.80{\ell}$) and Vt ($0.87{\pm}0.38{\ell}$) than those in the control group ($1.91{\pm}0.80{\ell}$ and $0.48{\pm}0.22{\ell}$ respectively) (p<0.05). However, there was no difference found in 6MWT, FVC, $FEV_1$, $FEV_1$/FVC, IRV, and ERV across groups (p>0.05). Conclusion : A significant increase in VC and Vt was found in subjects with stroke, who had four-week training on respiratory muscle strengthening. However, respiratory muscle strengthening showed no effect on walking speed and FVC, $FEV_1$, $FEV_1$/FVC, IRV, and ERV in patients with stroke.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.55-62
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• 2013

The exoskeleton robot to assist walking of hemiplegia patients or disabled persons has been studied in this paper. The exoskeleton robot with degrees of freedom of 2 axis has been developed and tested for joint motion. The obtained EMG signal from normal person was analyzed and the control signal was extracted from it for convenient and automotive performance of assistance robot to help hemiplegia patient walks as normal person does. the purpose of using FES(Functional Electrical Stimulation) for hemiplegia patient's walk is to restore damaged body function by this, but this could give fatal electrical shock to patients by wrong use or cause quick fatigue in muscle by continuous stimulation. The convenient movement of hemiplegia patients with minimum muscle fatigue was looked possibly by operation of assistance robot exoskeleton using control signal. and the walking assistance exoskeleton robot seemed works more efficiently than using FES stimulator. The experiment in this study was performed based on usual motion in our life like walking, standing-up, sitting-down, and particularly feedback control system using Piezo sensor along with button switch was applied for smooth swing motion in walking. The experiment also shows that hemiplegia patients can move conveniently by using electromyogram signal of healthy leg for the operation signal of assistance robot system attached at damaged symmetrical leg.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.709-717
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• 2013

This paper presents the development of a specialized underwater leg with a manipulator function(convertible-to-arm leg) for the seabed walking robot named CRABSTER200(CR200). The objective functions of the convertible-to-arm leg are to walk on the seabed and to work in underwater for precise seabed exploration and underwater tasks under coastal area with strong tidal current. In order to develop the leg, important design elements including the degree of freedom, dimensions, mass, motion range, joint structure/torque/angular-speed, pressure-resistance, watertight capability and cable protection are considered. The key elements of the convertible-to-arm leg are realized through concept/specific/mechanical design and implementation process with a suitable joint actuator/gear/controller selection procedure. In order to verify the performance of the manufactured convertible-to-arm leg, a 25bar pressure-resistant and watertight test using a high-pressure chamber and a joints operating test with posture control of the CR200 are performed. This paper describes the whole design, realization and verification process for implementation of the underwater convertible-to-arm leg.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.169-175
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• 2016

There are many researches to develop robots that improve its mobility and task planning to adapt in various uneven environments. In this paper, we propose the design method and task planning of quadruped robot which can have top-bottom docking structure. The proposed quadruped robot is designed to adjust leg length using linear actuators and perform top-bottom docking and undocking using octagonal cone shaped docking module. Also, to stable walking and information gathering in the various environments, a geomagnetic sensor, PSD sensor, LRF sensor and camera. We propose an obstacle avoidance method and the topbottom docking algorithm of the two quadruped robots using linear actuator. The robot can overcome obstacles using adjusting leg length and activate the top-bottom docking function. The top-bottom docking robots of two quadruped robot can walk 4 legged walking and 6 legged walking, and use 4 arms or 2 arms the upper. We verified that the docking robots can carry objects using 4 leg of the upper robot.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.219-229
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• 2016

Purpose: Patients with Parkinson's disease suffer many restrictions in daily life. This case report investigated how intervention with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF)-based physical therapy can affect the activities of Parkinson's patients. Methods: The subject was a 67-year-old female patient diagnosed with Parkinson's disease 3 years ago. Since the last five months, overall activities have become difficult for her, and she finally visited a hospital to take outpatient physical therapy because of the gait difficulties she suffered. The patient's medical history, system review, body structure and function, and activities were evaluated. The patient had difficulties in activities such as lying down, sitting, standing, maintaining a standing position, and walking. The PNF-based intervention was used for treating the impairments and improving the activities. The intervention was performed for 30 min a day, three times a week, for eight weeks. The qualifier of the international classification of functioning, disability, and health was used to measure the result, and the measurement was conducted before and after the intervention for eight weeks. Results: According to the result, the scores for maintaining a standing position, moving around within the home, and going to the toilet improved to "no problem" from "moderate problem." The scores for shifting the body's center of gravity, walking short distances, and washing oneself improved from "moderate problem" to "mild problem." The scores for sitting and standing improved to "no problem" and "mild problem" from "complete problem." The scores for preparing meals and doing housework improved from "severe problems" to "mild problem" or "moderate problem." The scores for walking long distances, moving around outside the home and other buildings, and using transportation did not show significant changes. Conclusion: Intervention with PNF-based physical therapy improved the activity of patients with Parkinson's disease, thus proving its effectiveness. The case report suggested that a therapist can use PNF as a physical therapy intervention for patients with Parkinson's who suffered restrictions in daily activities.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to establish intra-rater, inter-rater, test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity of figure-of-8 walk test in people with stroke. Methods : The subjects of this study were 17 patients who were diagnosed with a stroke. Subjects were tested twice by the same raters, with 1 day between tests. Subjects were assessed by two physical therapists. Test-retest reliability was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). The concurrent validity was demonstrated by spearman correlation of F8WT with 10m walking test (10MWT), timed up and go test (TUG), Berg balance scale (BBS), dynamic gait index (DGI) and four square step test (FSST). Results : Intra-rater, inter-rater, test- retest of F8WT time, showed high reliability. Intra-rater, inter-rater, test-retest of F8WT steps demonstrated high reliability. Intra-rater, inter-rater, test-retest of F8WT total smoothness score showed below moderate reliability. There was a significant positive correlation of F8WT time with 10MWT, TUG, FSST. There was a significant negative correlation of F8WT time with DGI, BBS. There was a significant positive correlation of F8WT steps with 10MWT, TUG, FSST. There was a significant negative correlation of F8WT steps with DGI. There was a significant positive correlation of F8WT test total smoothness score with BBS. Conclusion : The time, and number of steps in F8WT show high inter, intra-rater, test-retest reliability. The F8WT smoothness shows below moderate reliability. The F8WT shows high concurrent validity with other comparable balance, and walking tests. The F8WT is a valid and reliable measure for assessing walking function in patients with a stroke.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.20-28
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• 2012

Gait analysis is an examination which extracts objective information from observing human gait and assesses the function. The equipments used recently for gait analysis are expensive due to multiple cameras and force plates, and require the large space to set up the system. In this paper, we proposed a method to measure human gait motions in 3D from a monocular video. Our approach was based on particle filtering to track human motion without training data and previous information about a gait. We used dynamics to make physics-based motions with the consideration of contacts between feet and base. In a walking sequence, our approach showed the mean angular error of $12.4^{\circ}$ over all joints, which was much smaller than the error of $34.6^{\circ}$ with the conventional particle filter. These results showed that a monocular camera is able to replace the existing complicated system for measuring human gait quantitatively.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.300-307
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• 2019

This study develops a user centered outdoor jacket capable of energy harvesting based on consumer needs. Jackets are designed for typical outdoor activities such as hiking, trekking, and climbing, integrated with an energy harvesting module that can generate electric power from arm swing in outdoor and daily life walking. Textile based energy generators developed by the previous research of Lee & Roh (2018) were used. A prototype was created based on the arm swing motion experiment for location options and energy harvesting system functions, the simulation by the design sketch, and evaluation of the wearing test by experts. In-depth interviews were later conducted for the prototype with 10 outdoor experts to derive the optimal location of an energy harvesting system in three ways, and the prototype was revised to 5 styles that reflected reviews by experts on function and appearance. Research indicated that the energy harvesting jacket design signifies a user-centered design based on expert interviews and usability evaluation as well as previous research on energy generation and storage device. The jacket is convenient because it combines an energy generator in an optimal position to maximize energy generation with a storage and charging device that can be inserted into various position options for accessibility.