• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Background: The method of measuring the walking function of patients with chronic stroke differs depending on patients walking capability and environmental conditions. Objects: This study aimed to demonstrate the influences of walking capacity and environmental conditions on the results of short- and long-distance walk tests in patients with chronic stroke. Methods: Forty patients with chronic stroke volunteered for this study, and allocated to group-1 (<.4m/s, household walking, $n_1=13$), group-2 (.4~.8m/s, limited community ambulation, $n_2=16$), and group-3 (>.8m/s, community ambulation, $n_3=11$) according to their walking capacity. The 10-meter walk test (10MWT) and 6-min walk tests, (6MWT) were used to compare the short- and long-distance walk tests results, which were randomly performed under indoor and outdoor environmental conditions. Results: The comparison of the results obtained under the indoor and outdoor conditions revealed statistically significant differences between the groups in the 6MWT and 10MWT (p<.05). Post-hoc tests' results showed significant differences between groups-1 and -2 and between groups-1 and -3 in the 10MWT, and between group-1 and -3 in the 6MWT. Furthermore, in group-2 the 10MWT and 6MWT results significantly differed between the indoor and outdoor conditions, and the values measured under the indoor and outdoor conditions significantly differed between 10MWT and 6MWT (p<.05). Group-3 showed a significant difference in 10MWT results between the indoor and outdoor conditions (p<.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the results of the short- and long-distance walk tests may differ depending on the walking capacity of patients with chronic stroke and the environmental condition under which the measurement is made, and these effects were greatest for the patients with the limited community ambulation capacity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.437-445
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analysis on diaphragm thickness and lung function of stroke patients by walking ability. Methods : We recruited thirty-five adults after stroke(20 male, 15 female) for our study. The subjects were divided into two groups; independent walking group(11 male, 9 female) and non-independent walking group(9 male, 6 female). Assessment of diaphragm thickness was performed using ultrasound in B-mode with a 7.5 MHz linea probe. During the experiment, the subject was seated in the chair. All subjects performed maximal expiratory flow maneuvers using a spirometer in order to determine the forced expiratory volume in 1 second ($FEV_1$), forced vital capacity(FVC), peak expiratory flow(PEF) and $FEV_1$/FVC. Chest expansion was measured with a tape-measure placed circumferentially around the chest wall at the xiphoid process. The collected data analyzed by independent t-test. Results : The diaphragm thickness were significant differences between the independent walking and nonindependent walking group. Values of forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at one second, peak expiratory flow in pulmonary function tests were significant differences between the independent walking and non-independent walking group. However, chest expansion were not significant differences in both of the group. Conclusion : This study showed that walking ability of stroke patients have influenced on diaphragm thickness and pulmonary function.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.96-104
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• 2008

Purpose: We had executed the 3 3 5 5 walking club program for 12 weeks for one hour three times per week to evaluate the effect of the program on health of the elderly. Methods: A pre and post measurement tool of the program was applied to measure obesity, rate of body fat, blood pressure, vital capacity, standard vital capacity, intake capacity of maximum oxygen, grasping power, reaction of whole body, pulse, body mass index (BMI), total bodily score, age of bodily strength, age of health. Data collected from this tool was analyzed by SPSS in paired t-test. Results: The 3 3 5 5 walking club program has affected the weight control of the participants. The participants of 3 3 5 5 walking club program reduced their weight from 61.7 kg to 61.25 kg, rate of body fat from 21.89 kg to 21.22 kg, standard vital capacity from 2,393.56 ml to 2,380.44 ml, reaction of whole body from 475.38 msec to 439.33 msec, and increased grasping power from 22.06 to 23.16 ml (p<.05), total bodily score 68.91 points to 71.38 points significantly (p<.05). Conclusion: The result indicated that the 3.3.5.5 Walking club program has an positive effect on improving health care of the elderly without special exercise tools.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.536-539
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• 1997

This paper presents a three dimensional modeling and a trajectory generation for minimized impact walking of the biped robot. Inverse dynamic analysis and forward dynamic analysis are performed considering impact force between the foot and ground for determining the actuator capacity and for simulating the proposed biped walking robot. Double support phase walking is considered for close to human's with adding the kinematic constraints on the one of the single support phase.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2664-2671
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• 2012

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical characteristics and walking ability in the elderly population. Subjects were 77 elderly (38 men and 39 women) who are capable of walking independently with and without walking aids. Correlation and stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were used to analyze the relationship between physical characteristics (age, gender, height, weight, body mass index, muscle mass, waist/hip ratio, heart rate, vital capacity, flexibility, maximum oxygen consumption, one-leg standing time, and strength of knee flexor and extensor) and walking velocity of subjects. Age, height, vital capacity, one-leg standing time, and strength of knee flexor and extensor showed significant correlations with walking velocity of subjects (p<.05). Further, the strength of knee flexor explained 27% of the variance, and up to 32% of the walking velocity could be explained when the strength of knee extensor were added to the model. The findings suggest that walking velocity of elderly depends on the strength of lower limb's strength and a variety of physical characteristics.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.75-84
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• 2022

Background: This study was to investigate the effect of non-invasive transcranial direct current stimulation due to hemiplegic patients due to stroke on temporal and spatial gait ability. Design: Randomized sham controlled trial. Methods: For the study method, 42 patients with hemiplegia due to stroke were randomly assigned to 14 patients each, and the general walking group, tDCS walking group, and tDCS (sham) walking group were subjected to 5 times a week, 30 minutes a day, and 6 weeks. In the temporal gait variables of hemiplegic patients due to stroke, the effect of the gait time, gait cycle, single support, double support, swing phase, stance phase, gait speed, cadence were measured. In spatial variables, one step length and one step length were measured. Results: As a result of the study, the EG group significantly increased in the step time, gait velocity, and cadence of the paralysis side in the comparison of temporal walking variables between groups according to the application of tDCS of walking ability in hemiplegic patients due to stroke patients(p<.05). In the change in spatial walking variables between groups according to the application of tDCS, the step length and stride length of the EG group showed a significant increase. Both the comparison of temporal and spatial symmetry walking variables between groups according to tDCS application was not significant(p>.05) Conclusion: As a result, tDCS has an effective effect on the improvement of the gait ability of stroke patients. In particular, it is an effective method of physical therapy that can improve the cadence and speed of gait, which can be combined with the existing gait training to effectively increase the gait of hemiplegia due to stroke patients.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.113-124
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of strengthening program for improving the muscle strength and body function in rehabilitation of patients with stroke Methods : We found the 15 precedent studies at online portal site of "Korea education and Research information service" and found 5 precedent studies at "Pubmed". We analyzed and describe the total 19 studies involving national and international research. Results : The strengthening exercise was adapted to lower extremities and trunk muscle of participants and the isokinetic (concentric and eccentric) exercise was most of exercise type and then manual isometric exercise, functional activities, progressive task oriented resistance exercise, PNF pattern exercise was following. The studies reported that the strengthening program increased target muscle strength and improved balance capacity and walking function for the participants positively. Conclusion : Conclusionally the several strengthening program can be the intervention to increase the muscle strength without increasing spasticity for patients with stroke. We think that the strengthening of lower extremities an improve balance capacity and walking ability and it can use the intervention to change the quality of life in patients with stroke. More than 3weeks strength program might be effectiveness, in case of acute patients with stroke, the improving of muscle strength is available but need to study for improving balance and walking capacity more in the future.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.743-752
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was conducted to combine the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP) on exercise capacity/tolerance and general health status of COPD patients based on the primary research results examined the effects of PRP, Method: Seventeen studies were selected by the sampling criteria established to include the studies that reported enough statistics necessary to conduct meta-analysis. Result: According to the study results, the most effective indicators for exercise capacity/tolerance were exercise time (such as cycling time or treadmill walking time) and ground walking distance within given time (6 minutes or 12 minutes), whereas effects on such indicators as VE and VO$_2$ were not statistically significant. PRP induced significant effect on patients' general health status, frequently measured by physical, psycho-emotional, and holistic indicators, the enhancement on psycho-emotional dimension resulted from PRP was more prominent than those of the other dimensions. From the results, it was noted that the place where PRP was given and the contents of PRP exercised their influence on the outcome variables. Which body part was trained was also one of the important factors that influence on the patients' perception of dyspnea during exercise as well as on exercise capacity/tolerance. Conclusion: PRP including exercise training significantly improved the exercise capacity and general health status of COPD patients.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.45-46
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• 2021

This study conducted an experiment on the crowd walking speed, one of the factors for calculating the evacuation capacity of a building. The experiment was measured the crowd walking speed by factor of corridor width and Vulnerable People to Disaster. The result of experiment, it saw the decrease of crowd walking speed due to rate of Vulnerable People to Disaster. In the future, using this as basic data, it is considered that additional research is need to development Human Safetay Standards in Korea.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.95-103
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• 2018

This study set out to evaluate the fitness of shelter locations by taking into consideration service zones according to walking speed, the changing population between day and night, and walking routes. Walking speed was defined as 1.6 m/s, 2 m/s based on the cases of previous studies. The changing population between day and night was estimated with the dasymetric mapping technique. Shelter service zones according to walking speed and routes were analyzed with the network of the location allocation model. The findings show some shelters had limits with their capacity according to the changing floating population and walking speed in time and space and raise a need to appoint additional shelters.