• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2008

Purpose: The isolated exercise therapy and its effect for the treatment of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) is not well known. The purpose of this study was to identify the clinical effect of stretching and strengthening exercise program on the patients' muscle function and range of motion, pain and gait in the management of the early stage PTTD. Materials and Methods: From October 2006 to March 2007, 14 patients with early stage PTTD (stage I or IIa) without surgical intervention were randomly assigned into two groups and we analyzed their clinical results. All patients were female and one who have sprained the same ankle during the program and one who withdrew from the program due to her private reason were excluded. At the last, the exercise group (EG) was seven and the control group (CG) was five. Mann-Whitney U test was used for the comparison of pain, ROM, muscle power, AOFAS score and 5 minute walking test of both groups. Wilcoxon-signed rank test was used for the comparison between the pre and post exercise program in EG. Results: The pain was significantly reduced in EG compare to CG and only the dorsiflexion was significantly increased in EG in the analysis of ROM. The dorsi flexion and plantar flexion power were significantly increased in EG. Conclusion: Our 6 weeks stretching and strengthening exercise program showed noticeably improved clinical result, and therefore it is recommended as one of the useful treatment option in the management of early stage PTTD.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of variations in arm swing during gait on movement of the trunk and pelvis. During the gait task, the angle of the trunk and pelvic rotation were analyzed according to arm swing conditions. Methods: Seventeen healthy males participated in this study. All subjects were analyzed for gait on a treadmill three times each under three different types of arm swing conditions - natural arm swing, restricted arm swing using a phone, restricted swing in both arms. 3-D motion analysis systems were used to collect and analyze the kinematic data of trunk and pelvic movements, and repeated one-way ANOVA was used to compare the trunk and pelvic kinematic data and symmetry index. The level of significance was ${\alpha}=0.05$. Results: The results showed kinematic differences in trunk and pelvic during gait based on the arm swing conditions. Specifically, there were significant differences in trunk rotation, left and right trunk rotation and symmetry index of trunk rotation during gait among the three arm swing conditions. ROM was used to calculate a symmetry index (SI) based on the average left and right trunk rotation in which a value closer to zero indicated better balance. The SI obtained for arm swing restricted with the phone was closer to -1 than the other conditions. Conclusion: Restricted arm swing due to use of a phone had the possibility to induce instability of postural control while walking, which could be seen to suggest a risk of falling during gait.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.444-449
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• 2020

I proposed small ambulatory robot actuators using piezoelectric benders. In order to make the motion of the biomimetic robot legs similar to the movements of the cockroaches or similar insects, two pairs of legs in the diagonal direction in the four leg structures are required to make the same movement. And elliptical displacement is realized by taking into account horizontal and vertical displacement of multimode oscillations and driving them by electrical signals with differences step by step, for example of 90° the T-shaped robot actuator showed wide range of speed (From 2 mm/sec. up to 266 mm/sec.) and ability of transportation (up to 10 g with 50 mm/s). Locomotive performance of the robot was competitive to the preceding robots, and moreover, the modular type actuators of a segmented myriapods robot could be added and removed for different tasks or performances.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.1-16
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• 2001

회전(turning)은 보행 중 방향을 바꾸는 운동 기술(motor skill)이고, 회전 전략(turning strategy)은 회전을 완수하는데 사용되는 일반적 행동 전형(generalized movement pattern)이다. 회전에 대한 보행속도의 영향은 분명하지 않다. 이 연구의 목적은 보행속도의 돌기 전략에 대한 영향을 분석하고 보행속도의 하지 내외 회전(internal and external rotation)에 대한 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 건강한 젊은 성인 15명이 이 연구에 자발적으로 참여하였다. 맥리플렉스 측정 장치(MacReflex measurement system)가 동작 분석(motion analysis)을 위해 사용되었다. 각각의 자원자들은 보행 중 90도 왼쪽으로 회전을 10회씩 완수하였다. 각각의 시도마다 보행속도를 다르게 하기 위해서 세 가지의 다른 요구들(slow, regular, fast)이 임의적으로 주어졌고 각각의 실제 보행속도가 자원자의 무게중심 변화에 따라 구해졌고 요구별 평균이 구해졌다. 회전 안쪽 발의 스핀(in side foot spin)은 보행속도가 증가함에 따라 증가했지만, 회전 바깥쪽 발의 스핀(out side foot spin)은 보행속도와 상관이 없었다. 하지의 내외 회전은 보행속도와는 상관이 없었지만, 같은쪽 발의 스핀과는 역관계가 있었다. 회전은 발 스핀이 있는 돌기와 발 스핀이 없는 돌기로 구분되는 것이 합당한 듯 하다. 제한된 시간과 공간 내에서 스핀은 보행속도가 빨라질수록 몸의 전방 운동량(forward momentum)에서 몸의 전방 운동량(forward momentum)으로의 전환이 스핀이 없는 회전 시보다 효율적이다. 고관절의 내외 회전 근육들은 회전전략에 상관없이 회전되는 동안 몸의 역학(body mechanics)을 조절하는데 중요한 역할을 맡고 있는 것으로 보인다. 앞으로 회전 시 몸의 생체 역학적 그리고 신경 근육적 기전들(biomechanical and neuromuscular mechanisms)을 밝히는 연구들이 필요하다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.667-673
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• 2010

This paper proposes a control method based on a pseudo-impedance model to control the motion of biped robots walking on an uneven surface. The pseudo-impedance model simulates the action of the ankle of a foot landing on the ground when a human walks. When the foot is in contact with the ground, the human ankle goes through two different phases. In the first phase, the human exerts little or no effort and applies no torque on the ankle so that the orientation of the foot is effortlessly and passively adjusted with respect to the ground. In the second phase of landing, the ankle generates a significant amount of torque in order to rotate and move the main part of the human body forward and to support the weight of the human; this phase is called the weight acceptance phase. Computer simulations of a 12-DOF biped robot with a 6-DOF environment model were performed to determine the effectiveness of the proposed pseudo-impedance control. The simulation results show that stable locomotion can be achieved on an irregular surface by using the proposed model.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.881-894
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• 2015

The silver generation have clothing style of optimal daily life comparing than young generation because they do not participate a specific sport event but daily- life exercise. As the human body ages, the figure of the silver generation shows different body shape because upper body changes to curved figure including the belly and waist part. Therefore, clothing characteristics for the silver generation should be considered with proper function, design and textiles to optimize body movement. This study investigated various exercise types according to motion analysis of the silver generation in order to develop the design of the active T-shirts reflecting the structural properties and providing the optimum exercise circumstance. The results to consider design needs are as followed; As the T-shirts design for the flexible exercise which required frequent movement of upper body such as bending and waist twisting during body stretching, a stretch fabric applied to the waist part considering T-shirts allowance and length to make extreme elongation and support for well-fitting appearance of the T-shirts. As the T-shirts design for the instantaneous reactionary exercise, high elastic four-way stretch fabric is applied to the part of arm hole to optimize skeletal and muscle movement for entire body and arm work. As the T-shirts design for the endurance exercise such as climbing, cycling, and walking, the shoulder line of the back part has cutting line allowance to make optimum movement of the upper body but no change of the waist part.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

Estimating algorithm of physical activity energy expenditure was implemented by using a tri-axial accelerometer motion detector of the SVM(Signal Vector Magnitude) of 3-axis(x, y, z). A total of 33 participants(15 males and 18 females) that performed walking and running on treadmill at 2 ~ 11 km/h speeds(each stage increase 1km/h). Algorithm for energy expenditure of physical activities were implemented with $VO_2$ consumption and SVM correlation between the data. Algorithm consists of three kinds and hip, wrist, waist and hip can be used to apply.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.287-290
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• 2017

A 6-month-old, 4.1 kg female Dachshund dog presented with intermittent non-weight bearing lameness of the right thoracic limb. Radiographs revealed caudolateral luxation of the right radial head and a shortened right ulna compared to the contralateral limb. Bone lengthening by distraction of the ulna using the Ilizarov technique was performed following ulnar osteotomy. The rate of distraction was 1.5 mm per day, adjusted a total of 3 times daily for a total distraction distance of 10 mm. The Ilizarov fixator was removed four weeks after surgery. The patient showed knuckling due to radial nerve injury that occurred during limb-lengthening. Corrective osteotomy was performed using a plate and pin for the luxation and deformity of the right radial head. The luxation of the radial head was successfully reduced following surgery. However, the knuckling persisted after surgery. Rehabilitation for radial nerve injury was performed using heat therapy, massage, a passive range of motion exercises, water treadmill exercises, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, leash-walking, and acupuncture. 15 months after surgery, the patient showed satisfactory weight-bearing ambulation without recurrence of lameness. The use of the Ilizarov technique is a good surgical option for the treatment of a patient with congenital elbow luxation.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.47-65
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• 2002

This study examined the correlations among the Berg Balance Scale, which is a clinical tool used to evaluate balance ability, spatiotemporal parameters of gait, and falling; determined the parameters most closely related to falling; and identified a discriminatory parameter and its predictability. Thirty-four subjects aged 72 to 92 years participated in this study. Following a questionnaire survey about falling, the Berg Balance Scale and spatiotemporal parameters of gait were measured. The results revealed that the incidence of falls increased with aging and an accompanying reduction in the flexion range of motion of the hip joint. The gait characteristics of elderly people who fell easily included a slower walking speed, shorter stride, and longer stance time than other elderly. When the cutoff score was set at 45, the Berg Balance Scale was able to identify correctly those individuals who truly have experience of falling than when the cutoff score was set at 39. But when the cutoff score was set at 39, the scale's specificity identifying correctly those individuals who truly have not experience of falling was higher than at the cutoff score of 45. Therefore, the Berg Balance Scale is an appropriate screening method in a clinical setting for the early detection of elderly people at risk of falling. In conclusion, elderly people with a Berg Balance Scale score. below 45 are the most likely to fall owing to their decreased balance ability.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.40-45
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• 2009

In this paper, we introduce a mobile-type tiny sensor device that can classify the activities of daily living based on the state-dependent motion analysis using a 3-axial accelerometer in real-time. The device consists of an accelerometer, GPS module, 32bit micro-controller for sensor data processing and activity classification, and a bluetooth module for wireless data communication. The size of device is 50*47*14(mm) and lasts about 10 hours in operation-mode and 160 hours in stand-by mode. Up to now, the device can recognize three user activities ("Upright", "Running", "Walking") based on the decision tree. This tree is constructed by the pre-learning process to activities of subjects. The accuracy rate of recognizing activities is over 90% for various subjects.