• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.27
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• pp.59-67
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to propose the methodology for introducing green infrastructure that can improve the health of citizens by promoting walkability. The methodology is composed of the following three phases: classification of the types of green spaces, selection of core green spaces with two separate analyses, and introduction of the framework of green infrastructure to promote walkability. In the first phase, the classification of the types of green spaces was carried out in order to understand existing distribution pattern of green spaces in study site. In the second phase, walkable blocks were selected by such methods as walkability value. Through these two analyses, all the blocks were divided into three groups according to the ranking figured up the second analyses' results. The blocks in the first group, the group involved in the top 30% and having the greatest ranking, were defined as walkable blocks. In the last phase, a basic frame of the green infrastructure in study site was introduced by connecting the walkable blocks with using other blocks and the green spaces over 1ha. In case study, 28 important green spaces and 35 walkable blocks were selected through the two analysis process. Then, the basic framework of green infrastructure based on the selected 28 important green spaces and 35 walkable blocks was introduced. The methodology applied to this study can be used to get the best selections of the proper green infrastructure in accordance with the purpose of the ecological and recreational local development. In particular, this study will suggest a specific analysis model to use for the ecological and walkable urban planning with green spaces existing in the city.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2000

For a walking robot with high constant body speed, the dynamic effects of the legs on the transfer phase are dominant compared with other factors. This paper presents a new force distribution algorithm to maximize walkable terrain without slipping considering the dynamic effects of the legs on the transfer phase. Maximizing the walkable terrain means having the capability of walking on more slippery ground under the same constraint, namely constant body speed. A simple force distribution algorithm applied to the proposed walking model with a pantograph leg shows an improvement in the capability of preventing foot-slippage compared with one using a pseudo-inverse method.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.103-107
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• 2015

China's rapidly growing cities offer a unique opportunity to create highly sustainable communities. Architects and their clients, typically real estate developers, are highly focused on strategies that are effective at reducing energy and water usage at the scale of the individual building or within a master plan of multiple related buildings. However, a closer look at energy consumption reveals that transportation uses more energy worldwide than residential and commercial buildings combined. In light of this, it is appropriate that China is making massive investments in transportation infrastructure like heavy rail rapid transit and grade separated expressways, but the end result of these investments to date has been to enable people to live further from where they work and shop rather than closer - while simultaneously not creating walkable communities. Using positive and negative examples from Asia and the rest of the world, this article will investigate the specific urban design policies such as height limits, setbacks, land use restrictions, parking ratios, and parcel size which might change to enable the creation of truly sustainable communities for China's 21st century.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.905-914
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• 2017

We examine 554 state basic districts and 1832 householders in Busan metropolitan city to see whether the physical and walkable characteristics of housing influence apartment housing prices. We use two-level models modeling for a more accurate analysis. Walkable characteristics in level 2 state basic districts potentially explain 77% of the variation in housing values, with the highest impact on crime safety characteristics. Overall, our spatial multi-level analysis based on new state basic districts in Korea explained price variation better than previous studies, which considered each householder. The results provide policy opportunities for planners and citizen groups to pursue strategies that encourage the development of walkable and sustainable neighborhoods.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.227-233
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• 2018

Objectives: Chronic diseases, including back pain, result in significant patient morbidity and societal burden. Overall improvement in physical fitness is recommended for prevention and treatment. Walking is a convenient modality for achieving initial gains. Our objective was to determine whether neighbourhood walkability, acting as a surrogate measure of physical fitness, was associated with the presence of chronic disease. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of prospectively collected data from a prior randomized cohort study of 227 patients referred for tertiary assessment of chronic back pain in Ottawa, ON, Canada. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was calculated from patient-completed questionnaires and medical record review. Using patients' postal codes, neighbourhood walkability was determined using the Walk Score, which awards points based on the distance to the closest amenities, yielding a score from 0 to 100 (0-50: car-dependent; 50-100: walkable). Results: Based on the Walk Score, 134 patients lived in car-dependent neighborhoods and 93 lived in walkable neighborhoods. A multivariate logistic regression model, adjusted for age, gender, rural postal code, body mass index, smoking, median household income, percent employment, pain, and disability, demonstrated an adjusted odds ratio of 2.75 (95% confidence interval, 1.16 to 6.53) times higher prevalence for having a chronic disease for patients living in a car-dependent neighborhood. There was also a significant dose-related association (p=0.01; Mantel-Haenszel chi-square=6.4) between living in car-dependent neighbourhoods and more severe CCI scores. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that advocating for improved neighbourhood planning to permit greater walkability may help offset the burden of chronic disease.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 2021

The study reports the clinical case of a patient with lower extremity weakness and gait disturbance treated with Korean medicine treatments including Chuna therapy. The patient suffered lower extremity weakness and gait disturbance with diagnosis of lumbar disk herniation and spinal stenosis. As a treatment, the doctor applied Chuna therapy, herbal medicine, acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, cupping and moxa. The effect of treatment was evaluated by numeral rating scale (NRS), self-walkable distance, functional independence measure (FIM), Oswestry disability index (ODI) and manual muscle test (MMT). NRS decreased from 6 to 4 at the leg. Self-walkable distance increased from 0 m to 10 m, FIM increased 85 to 96 points while ODI decreased 64% to 54%. MMT of hip flex and knee extension improved from grade 3+, grade 3 to grade 4, respectively. Korean medicine treatment can be effective for patients who suffer lower extremity weakness and gait disturbance due to lumbar disk herniation and spinal stenosis. Further clinical studies are required to verify these findings.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.125-131
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• 2022

This study was to investigate the effectiveness of combined Korean medicine treatment on a patient who was diagnosed on lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV) with localized bone marrow edema. The patient was treated with acupuncture, pharmacopucture, cupping and herbal medicine. We evaluated patient's progress using range of motion (ROM), EuroQol-5 dimensions (EQ-5D), Oswestry disability index (ODI), numerical rating scale (NRS), patient global impression of change, self-walkable distance. NRS of back pain decreased from 7 to 5, at the same time NRS of lower limb decreased from 4 to 3. EQ-5D score increased from 0.24 to 0.646. ODI score improved 80 to 62. Self-walkable distance and lumbar spine ROM also increased. As a result, clinical improvements were found in a patient. In conclusion, this study shows that Korean medicine treatment can be considered as effective conservative care for LSTV with localized bone marrow edema.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2006.05b
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• pp.505-508
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• 2006

Self-leveling mortar is walkable bottom mortar which can maintain the horizontality of self fluid and have the the quick-setting quality, the low-human-effort practicable material of high-quality bottom in construction. In accordance with more adhesive strength with bottom side and absorption control, Primer is used for purpose to prevent pin-hole occurrence by self leveling mortar application prior to construction. This study is composed measurement of absorption, adhesive strength. Used material is NP-40 as nonionic emulsifying agent, uses SA-210L as negative ion emulsifying agent, uses APS, SBS as ridical initiator. A result of test, in accordance with image of Primer, as low temperature and application frequency, indicates low absorption rate and adhesive strength, as solid powder and dryness time is increse, absorption rate and adhesive strength lowly shows figure.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.143-148
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• 2009

The pedestrian space of the street is one of the most important public places in the city. Sidewalks are the paths that everyone travels, and the spaces in which everyone comes together. By Whatever means they travel, everyone is ultimately a pedestrian during their journey through the residential area. Every year, more than six thousand Koreans are victimized by traffic accidents, and a half of them are pedestrians. This study aims at improving the pedestrian environment in residential area, and thus making road a walkable, pedestrian-friendly space. The study reviews the problems in the pedestrian environment of residential area and proposes improvement strategies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.1
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• pp.102-110
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• 2001

A townscape has both aspects of seeing and living. However, the main streams of townscape making have been mostly focused on the former perspective so far. Such trends are apt to lack the realities of urban living. In this view, a prerequisite to complement the existing formalistic view with this realistic one is needed in order to accomplish the holistic characteristics of a townscape. Many city governments of Korea are currently trying to improve the quality of living quarters by providing diverse kinds of open spaces such as vest-pocket parks, pedestrian-friendly streets, and supporting the residents participatory village making. In this context, this paper will review the possibilities of the realistic approaches in townscape making by examining some current cases being tried in Korea cities. In conclusion some main issues to be solved in future can be listed as the conflict between general citizen′s view and the residents′ view", the conflict between social aspects and aesthetical aspects" and the conflict between the tradition and the vernacular reality in design".