• 대한한방체열의학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.6-14
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• 2004

Purpose: We intended to research the relations between abdominal temperature and primary dysmenorrhea severity. Methods: We selected the 95 primary dysmenorrhea patients by means of screening test (first screening test-inquiry, second screening test-clinical test, additionally Waist-to-Hip ratio (WHR) by Inbody 2.0). We measured 4 points abdominal temperature (Chon-jung(CV17), Chung-wan(CV12), Kwan-won(CV4), Chung-guk(CV3)) by DITI (DOREX Inc., USA). And then we checked the difference of temperature $({\Delta}T)$ between CV17 and CV4 / CV17 and CV3 / CV12 and CV4 / CV12 and CV3. After that, we compared ${\Delta}T$ with primary dysmenorrhea severity evaluated by multidimensional scales (verbal rating scale modified from the one devised by Bibe roglu & Berhrman(VRS; B&B), multidimensional verbal rating scale by Andersch & Milsom(MVRS)). In dysmenorrhea severity, we standardized scale score and 3-group-severity by score (mild, moderate, severe). For statistics, we used Pearson correlations and Spearman's rho correlations, SPSS 11.0 for windows. Results: In case of MVRS, MVRS score and 3-group-severity were not correlated to ${\Delta}T$. In case of VRS; B&B, VRS; B&B score was correlated to ${\Delta}T$ (CV12 and CV4 / CV12 and CV3) and 3-group-severity was correlated to ${\Delta}T$ (CV12 and CV3). Statistically they showed significant result (p<0.05). So we can consider that ${\Delta}T$ (CV12 and CV3) and the primary dysmenorrhea severity by VRS; B&B are most correlated. Conclusion: The primary dysmenorrhea patients showed that severity by VRS; B&B was connected with ${\Delta}T$ (CV12 and CV3). So we can consider DITI as primary dysmenorrhea evaluation instrument and must further research measurement points for the exact primary dysmenorrhea evaluation by DITI.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.289-303
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• 2007

This report includes basic data on nutrition education for Chinese adolescents living in Korea. A total of 183 Chinese adolescents living in Incheon participated in the survey. Body composition was analyzed by the Inbody 4.0., and questionnaires on personal dietary behavior were administrated. When compared with the body measure indices of Korean adolescents, we found that height was similar, but weight greater ($5{\sim}12 kg$) among the participants. Regarding obesity, 30.0% of all students were obese (BMI>25), especially the high school boys (42.0%). But in the case of middle school boys, the rates of obesity and under weight (BMI<18.5) were the same (both of them at 22.9%). The average WHR (Waist Hip Ratio) of the female high school group (0.9) was over the normal range. The average percent body fat for each group was also over the normal range. The percentage of students having breakfast everyday was 52.2%, and the rate of skipping breakfast was 25.0%. In the obesity group, the rate of skipping breakfast was remarkably high (P<0.05). Because lunch service was not available at the schools, a lunch box from home was the most popular pattern (43.1 %), but eating out was also popular at 36.6%. For the male high school students, the eating out rate was 62.8%. Since many have-lived in Korea for a few generations, the students' eating practices were much closer to the Korean pattern. For their ordinary meal pattern, 96.0% of the students included Korean foods. however, for New Years Day, the rate of having Gyo-Ja was 75.2%, and having Wol-Byung at Choo-seok was 78.6%, showing that the Chinese tradition still remains. In the case of food preferences, the percentage having Kimchi everyday was 62.1 %, but those drinking green tea was 13.1 %. For cold drinks, the rate for drinking them more than twice per week was 71.6%. The most preferred cooking method was frying with oil (50.6%). Among the students who had visited China (or Taiwan), the rate for 'bad food familiarity' was 37.0%, and the rate for 'did not know Chinese traditional course menus' was 71.3%. As a result of combining eating practices from both China and Korea, and the absence of lunch service in Chinese schools, students are showing bad dietary behaviors. therefore, it is necessary to provide proper nutrition education and a system for lunch service in Chinese schools.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2006

이 연구에서는 고혈압 위험군을 대상으로 8주간의 개인별 맞춤형 DASH 식이 교육을 수행하여 고혈압 식단 관련 지식수준과 DASH 식단 실천정도, 혈압 조절 효과를 분석하고자 하였다. 프로그램 대상은 고혈압 발생 위험군으로 JNC에서 정의한 고혈압전단계로 정의한 수축기압이 120-139 mmHg, 또는 이완기혈압이 80-89 mmHg인 경우와, 체질량지수가 25이상인 경우, 그리고 허리둘레와 엉덩이둘레의 비율이 남자 0.95이상, 여자 0.85이상인 경우 중 어느 하나를 만족하는 경우로 하였다. 연구는 강원도 C시에서 2002년-2003년 주민 건강행태 및 건강조사 대상 중 기준에 해당하는 경우와 보건소 및 보건지소에서 외래 환자 중 해당자를 포함하였으며 8주 교육에 참가한 141명에 대하여 효과분석을 수행하였다. 교육프로그램 적용 후 지식수준 및 DASH 식습관 실천정도가 유의하게 증가하였으며 수축기압은 참여 전 $136.03{\pm}12.40mmHg$, 프로그램 참여 후 $126.09{\pm}11.25mmHg$로 프로그램 참여 후의 평균 혈압이 낮아졌으며 이완기 혈압 또한 프로그램 참여 전 $81.80{\pm}6.32mmHg$, 프로그램 참여 후 $76.44{\pm}10.61mmHg$로 통계적으로 유의한 감소를 나타냈다. 고혈압 환자의 혈압 조절을 위한 노력뿐 아니라 고혈압 예방을 위한 보건사업이 필요하며, 이 경우 DASH 프로그램은 효과적인 교육도구로 적용될 수 있다. 향후 관련된 교육 프로그램의 개발과 프로그램 적용이 지역사회를 대상으로 소개되고 확대 적용되기를 기대하는 바이다.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of electroacupuncture for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: A randomized, controlled pilot trial was conducted. Twenty-two participants were randomized into one of the two groups: an acupuncture group (n=11) and wait-list group (n=11). The treatment group received 8 sessions of electroacupuncture over 8 weeks. Twenty points (CV4, CV12, both LR14, GB26, ST25, ST34, ST40, ST36, SP4, SP6, LR3) were selected for needling. The control group did not receive acupuncture treatment during study period and followup were done in the 4th and 8th weeks after randomization in both groups. The primary outcome was body fat computed tomography and the secondary outcomes included blood test (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transferase, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoproteincholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, blood sugar test, ${\gamma}$-guanosine triphosphate) and body composition test (body mass index, weight, body fat mass, body fat rate, waist hip ratio). Safety was assessed at every visit. Results: There was no significant differences in between the experimental group and control group. There were no adverse events. Conclusions: The results suggest that In patients with NAFLD, electroacupuncture treatment did not induce worsening of liver disease and liver function, but it was no improvement symptoms of fatty liver. Study of herb medicine treatments and other acupuncture therapy of NAFLD are required later.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2020

Objectives: Obesity is becoming more popular disease worldwide. Because of the side effects of conventional obesity treatment modality, herbal medicine treatment is becoming more preferred. Gambihwan which including Ephedra sinica Staph is widely used in traditional Korean Medicine practice for obesity treatment. Garcinia cambogia is a kind of health functional food that has body fat reducing effect. Nowadays, ephedra and Garcinia cambogia are often used simultaneously in clinical practice of Korean Medicine. However, the effectiveness and safety of combination therapy in obesity treatment is not well established. Methods: We conducted retrospective observational study to explore effectiveness and safety of combination therapy. We evaluated effect of combined treatment of Gambihwan and Garcinia cambogia on body weight, body mass index, body fat mass, and waist hip ratio reduction. We also assessed safety via liver function test and adverse event. Results: Finally, 23 patients were included. In paired t-test, body weight significantly decreased from 64.50±14.50 kg to 62.94±13.85 kg (P<0.001) and body mass index were also significantly decreased from 24.43±3.79 kg/㎡ to 23.83±3.59 kg/㎡ (P<0.001). Body fat mass was also reduced. Aspartate transaminase and alanine aminotransferase were not significantly increased. There were no drug-induced liver injury and no severe adverse event. Conclusions: In our retrospective review, we found combination therapy of Gambihwan and Garcinia cambogia reduce body weight, body mass index and body fat mass. There were no severe adverse event and drug induced liver injury which indicated safety of combination therapy in obesity treatment.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.327-341
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• 1997

It is a well known fact that obesity is an important cause of cardiovascular disease, emphasized by many studies. Recently, cardiovascular diseaase has been found to correlate not only to the extent of obesity, but also the fat distribution of the individual; especially, focusing on obesity of the abdomen. Unfortunately, the proposed indices for abdominal obesity are numerous, and the results vary according to the index chosen. Three-hundred and twelve bus drivers in November, 1995, were chosen as subjects of this study. The author chose to measure serum lipid levels, fasting blood sugar levels and blood pressure, that are thought to be important risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. Obesity indices were calculated using anthropometric measurements. We were able to evaluate the significance of obesity indices by examining correlations between these indices and the risk factors of cardiovascular disease. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The abdominal obesity indices and risk factors of cardiovascular disease, the levels of total cholesterol in the serum, fasting blood sugar levels, and diastolic blood pressure, increased significantly according to age. 2. There was a significant difference in the abdominal obesity indices according to drinking and smoking habits controlled for age. Among the risk factors of cardiovascular disease, triglyceride and diastolic pressures had significant differences according to the presence or absence of a drinking history controlled for age. 3. Although all obesity indices showed significant correlations, the weakest correlation was between BMI and abdominal diameter index and the strongest correlation was between sagittal diameter and sagittal diameter matched for height. 4. There was a negative correlation between HDL-cholesterol and obesity indices. The weakest correlation was between fasting blood sugar levels and both SD and SDH showed correlations with the risk factors. 5. There was a significant correlation between SD and total cholesterol in the serum and fasting blood sugars controlled for age, drinking, and BMI. 6. After categorizing the subjects into 2 separate age groups at the 40 year mark, in the less than 40 you old age group, controlled for drinking and BMI, the results of comparitive studies have shown correlations between total cholesterol serum levels and waist-hip ratio, conicity-index, and SD. There were correlations between fasting blood sugar levels and SD, ADI, and SDH. There were no correlations between obesity indices and both total cholesterol serum levels and fasting blood sugar levels in the greater than 40 year old age group. There were significant correlations between abdominal obesity indices and total serum cholesterol or fasting blood sugar levels in the less than 40 year old age group, but no correlations in the age group over 40. These correlated factors between abdominal obesity and cardiovascular disease are assumed to exist in Korea as well. Furthermore, in this study a high correlation was found between SD, SDH and the risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Even when controlled for age, drinking, smoking, and BMI, the correlations between risk factors of cardiovascular disease and these indices exist. Therefore, the obesity indices, SD and SDH may prove to be important prognostic indicators or risk factors of cardiovascular disease.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.418-425
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate correlations between bone mineral density (BMD) and dietary and non-dietary factors in female college students. The BMD of the subjects (n = 38) was measured using DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) at lumbar spine and three femoral sites including femoral neck, ward's triangle, and femoral trochanter. Three-day 24-hour dietary recall data were collected from each subject to assess consumption levels of nutrients and food groups. The mean (${\pm}SD$) values of age, age of menarche, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fat mass, and % body fat of the subjects were 21.34 (${\pm}1.73$) years, 13.1 (${\pm}1.2$) years, 161.3 (${\pm}5.0$) cm, 53.7 (${\pm}7.2$) kg, 20.6 (${\pm}2.6$) $kg/m^2$, 0.80 (${\pm}0.04$), 15.4 (${\pm}4.4$) kg, and 28.2 (${\pm}4.7$), respectively. The BMD values of lumbar spine, femoral neck, ward's triangle, and femoral trochanter as T-value were $1.150{\pm}0.13\;g/cm^2$, $0.932{\pm}0.11\;g/cm^2$, $0.850{\pm}0.13\;g/cm^2$, and $0.721{\pm}0.10\;g/cm^2$, respectively. The daily mean energy intake of the subjects was 1660.6 kcal. The intake levels of carbohydrate, calcium, iron, vitamin C, and folic acid were lower than the KDRIs, while those of fat, phosphorus, sodium, vitamin A, and vitamin $B_6$ were higher than the KDRIs. Significantly negative correlation were detected between consumption of fat and oils and the BMD of all sites measured (p < 0.05). Potato and starch intake was negatively correlated to the BMD of femoral neck and word's triangle (p < 0.05). The intake of cereals was found to be negatively correlated to the BMD of ward's triangle (p v 0.05). There was also negative correlation of intake of soybeans and products with the BMD of lumbar spine (p < 0.05). Weight and muscle mass were positively correlated to the BMD of both lumbar spine and femurs (p < 0.01). Significantly positive correlations between BMI, and fat mass and the BMD of lumbar spine were observed (p < 0.001). Additionally fat mass was positively correlated to the BMD of femoral neck. WHR and % body fat were positively correlated to the BMD of lumbar spine (p < 0.05). Negative correlation was found between a serum calcium level and the BMD of femoral neck (p < 0.05). In summary non-dietary factors generally showed significant correlations with the BMD of lumbar spine, while several dietary factors showed significant correlations with the BMD of femurs.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.33-45
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• 1995

Serum levels of antioxidant vitamins and lipids were determined along with anthropometric measurements in 174 healthy male subjects with mean age of 50.3$\pm$6.8 years from Taegu area in Korea. Body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip(W/H) ratio of the subjects were 23.18$\pm$2.46 and 0.88$\pm$0.04, respectively and their systolic and distolic blood pressures were 127.8$\pm$15.5 and 83.9$\pm$10.8mmHg. Twenty one percent of the subject had BMI over 25. Average seum levels of total cholesterol, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were 187.7$\pm$34.9, 117.6$\pm$33.5, 41.1$\pm$9.0 and 140.7$\pm$83.6mg/dl, respectively. Sixteen percent of the subject had LDL-chole-sterol over 130mg/dl. Serum level of lipid peroxide measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) of the subject was 2.01$\pm$0.77 MDA nmoles/ml and those of $\alpha$-tocopherol, retinol. ascorbic acid and sum of $\alpha$- and $\beta$-carotene were 9.59$\pm$3.11$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 1.15$\pm$ 0.38$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 10.5$\pm$3.8$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml and 64.6$\pm$43.$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, respectively. About 14% of the sujects had low vitamin E status of less than 7.0$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml,. while 6% had low vitamin C status of less than 4.0$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, Serum vitamin E showed positive correlations with total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride, but no correlation with TBARS. Fatty acids of serum total lipid were composed of 42.9% as saturnted. 19.3% as monounsaturated and 36.7% polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA). N-6 and n-3 PUFA were 27.7% and 8.3% of total fatty acids. N-6/n-3 PUFA ratios were negatively correlated both with serum total cholesterol and TBARS.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.737-745
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• 2017

본 연구는 학령기 비만아동을 위한 지역사회 참여형 비만관리 프로그램을 개발하여 비만지수와 운동습관, 식습관, 생활습관에 미치는 영향을 검정한 비동등성 대조군 사전 사후설계이다. 연구대상자는 초등학교 4학년 학생 중 체질량지수가 2007년 소아 및 청소년 표준 성장 도표를 이용하여 85백분위수 이상인 아동으로 실험군 24명과 대조군 27명이었다. 비만관리 프로그램은 실내활동과 실외활동으로 이루어졌으며, 10주간 진행되었다. 실외활동은 줄넘기와 걷기운동을 매주 2회, 전래놀이를 매주 1회 실시하였다. 수집된 자료의 분석은 Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, chi-square test, independent t-test, repeated measure ANOVA를 사용하였다. 연구결과 실험군에서 체질량지수는 $23.64kg/m^2$에서 $22.96kg/m^2$로 감소하였고(p<.001) 복부지방률은 0.889에서 0.887로 유의하게 감소하였다(p<.036). 그러나 체지방률은 유의한 변화가 없었다. 중재 후 운동습관(p=.004), 식습관(p=.003), 생활습관(p=.001)은 모두 향상되었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 본 연구에서 개발된 지역사회 참여형 비만관리 프로그램은 학령기 비만아동들의 비만지수와 비만을 감소시키는 생활습관의 개선에 효과적인 간호 중재임이 확인되었다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.245-256
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• 2019

Objectives: Although the number of laboratory workers is constantly increasing every year, few studies have been conducted on the health and nutritional status of these research workers. This study determined the health status of laboratory workers by analyzing their anthropometric indices, dietary life, vitamin D status and blood clinical indices. Methods: The subjects consisted of 100 female laboratory workers. This study investigated their diet, anthropometric indices, vitamin D status and blood clinical indices. The subjects were divided into two groups according to their duration of working in a laboratory (<1 year, $${\geq}_-1year$$). Results: The average age and body mass index (BMI) of subjects were 23.18 years and $21.51kg/m^2$, respectively Those subjects with over 1 year employment ($${\geq}_-1year$$) had a significantly higher waist-hip ratio than that of the subjects with the less than 1 year employment (<1 year). The mean serum vitamin D level of all the subjects was 10.04 ng/mL, which is close to a level of vitamin D deficiency. There was a significantly higher average intake of calories in the over 1 year employment group as compared to that of the less than 1 year employment group. The frequency of eating sweet snacks was significantly higher for the over 1 year employment group. The correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between the serum 25-(OH)-vitamin D level and the time of exposure to sunlight, while dietary intake of vitamin D did not show correlation with the serum 25-(OH)-vitamin D level. However, the serum 25-(OH)-vitamin D level was also negatively correlated with both the percentage of body fat and visceral fat. Conclusions: Laboratory workers are a very high risk group in terms of their nutritional status of vitamin D. Therefore, they need greater time of exposure to sunlight as well as increasing their dietary consumption of vitamin D. In addition, it is important for laboratory worker to practice regular and balanced dietary habits in order to maintain a healthy life.