• 대한의료기공학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.24-51
• /
• 2017

Objective : The purpose of this study is to introduce Whidam's Su-Gi therapy(WST.) as a remarkable traditional manual therapy. Main subject : WST. is a traditional manual therapy from Do-In(導引) An-Kyo(按蹻) that treats disease by controlling Gi(Gi-Gong therapy). It makes treatment effects by pushing Sa-Gi(邪氣) which becomes aggregation-accumulation(積聚) to right places by using pointillage, stroking, and rubbing with doctor's focused intention(意念). The cervical spine connects body and brain, so treating cervical spine could be a foundation of all treatment. Discussion : WST. is a manual therapy that treats not only muscles, nerves, vessels, joints but also Oriental medicine concept-meridian, acupoint and Gi(氣). Conclusions: 1) WST. is a traditional manual therapy using Gi-Gong, 2) WST. changes Sa-Gi(邪氣) into Jung-Gi(正氣), which means curing aggregation-accumulation(積聚), 3) Cervical WST. treats a passage that connects upper and lower parts of human body; heart and brain, and 4) Cervical WST. is a treatment to activate So-Ju-Cheon(小周天), which controls human body immunity.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.285-294
• /
• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 흰 쥐의 상악 대구치를 발거한 후 치주인대세포를 $0^{\circ}C$/2 MPa고압-저온하에 1주간 보관시켜 MTT, WST-1 검색법을 이용하여 측정한 치주인대세포의 활성도를 저속 냉동법(No Additional Pressure, 2, 3 MPa), 급속 냉동법(No Additional Pressure, 2 MPa), $-5^{\circ}C$/90 MPa초고압 저온보존법과 비교하여 평가하는 것이다. 생후 4주된 암컷 Sprague-Dawley계 흰쥐의 상악 좌우 제1, 2대구치를 발거하여 각 군 당 12개의 쥐 치아를 MTT, WST-1 검색에 이용하였다. 실험군은 9개군으로 대조군은 즉시 발치군이며, 각각 3 MPa, 2 MPa, No Additional Pressure (NAP)의 압력을 가한 후 $4^{\circ}C$에서 $-35^{\circ}C$까지 $-0.5^{\circ}C$/min 속도로 서서히 냉동시킨 뒤 $-196^{\circ}C$에 냉동한 저속 냉동군, 발치 후 동해방지제 처리과정을 거쳐 각각 2 MPa, NP의 압력을 가한 후, $-196^{\circ}C$의 액화질소에 넣어 냉동한 급속 냉동군, 발치 후 각각 2MPa,NP의 압력을 가한 후, $0^{\circ}C$에 보관한 저온 보존군, $-5^{\circ}C$/90 MPa의 초고압 저온 보존군으로 나누었다. 보존액은 F medium을 사용했으며 동해방지제로 10% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)를 사용하였다. 치근면을 단위면적으로 표준화하기 위해 MTT, WST-1 측정값을 Eosin 염색 후 530 nm에서 측정한 흡광도 값으로 나누었다. 통계 분석을 위해 one way ANOVA를 시행하였으며 사후 검정으로는 Tukey HSD 방법을 사용하였고 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. MTT 검색법 및 WST-1 검색법 결과 $0^{\circ}C$/2 MPa 고압 저온 보존군이 즉시 발치군보다 세포 활성도가 낮았으나 통계적 유의차는 없었으며, 저속 압력 냉동군(NP, 2 MPa, 3 MPa)과, 급속 압력 냉동군(NP, 2 MPa), 저온보존군($0^{\circ}C$/NP), 초고압 저온 보존군($-5^{\circ}C$/90 MPa)보다 통계적으로 유의차있게 높은 세포 활성도를 나타내었다(p < 0.05). 2. MTT검색법 및 WST-1 검색법 결과 $-5^{\circ}C$/90 MPa 초고압 저온 보존군이 가장 낮은 세포 활성도를 나타내었으며, MTT 검사 결과에서는 모든 군에 대해 통계적으로 유의성 있는 결과를 보였다(p < 0.05). 위의 결과를 통해, $0^{\circ}C$/2 MPa (20기압)의 고압-저온 보존법이 다른 급속 냉동 보관법(2 MPa, NAP)이나 저속냉동보관법(3, 2 MPa, NAP), $-5^{\circ}C$/90 MPa 초고압 저온 보존법에 비해 우수한 쥐 치아의 치주인대세포의 활성도를 보여 차후 치아의 재이식시 치아보관을 위한 방법으로의 가능성을 제시하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.356-363
• /
• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 흰 쥐의 상악 대구치를 발거한 후 치주인대세포를 압력을 이용한 저속 냉동 보관법으로 냉동 보관시 치주인대세포의 활성도를 저속 냉동법, 냉장 보관법과 비교하여 평가하고자 하였다. 생후 4주된 암컷 Sprague-Dawley계 흰쥐의 상악 좌우 제 1,2 대구치를 발거하여 각 군 당 18개의 쥐 치아를 MTT, WST-1 검색에 이용하였다. 실험군은 4개군으로 대조군은 즉시 발치군이며, $4^{\circ}C$냉장고에 일주일간 보관한 냉장군, 발치 후 동해방지제 처리과정을 거쳐 $4^{\circ}C$에서 $-35^{\circ}C$까지 $-0.5^{\circ}C$/min 속도로 서서히 냉동시킨 뒤 $-196^{\circ}C$에 냉동한 저속 냉동군, 3MPa의 압력을 가하고 $-0.5^{\circ}C$/min 속도로 $4^{\circ}C$에서 $-35^{\circ}C$까지 서서히 냉동시킨 뒤 $-196^{\circ}C$에 냉동한 압력 저속 냉동군으로 나누었다. 보존액은 F medium을 사용했으며 동해방지제로 10% dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO)를 사용하였다. 일주일 후 해동하여 MTT, WST-1검색을 시행한 뒤 치근면을 단위면적으로 표준화하기 위해 MTT, WST-1 측정값을 Eosin 염색 후 530nm에서 측정한 흡광도 값으로 나누었다. 통계 분석을 위해 one way ANOVA를 시행하였으며 사후 검정으로는 Tukey 방법을 사용하였고 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. MTT 검색에 의한 흡광도를 Eosin 염색 후 측정한 흡광도로 나눈 값에서는 압력 저속 냉동군은 즉시 발치군보다 유의성 있게 세포 활성도가 낮았으나(p<0.05), 저속 냉동군이나 냉장군과 비교할 때는 높은 세포 활성도를 보이며 통계적 유의성이 있었다(p<0.05). 2. WST-1 검색에 의한 흡광도를 Eosin 염색 후 측정한 흡광도로 나눈 값에서도 MTT 검색과 마찬가지로 압력 저속 냉동군에서는 즉시 발치군보다 유의성 있게 세포 활성도가 낮았으나(p<0.05), 저속 냉동군이나 냉장군과 비교할때는 높은 세포 활성도를 보이며 통계적 유의성이 있었다(p<0.05). 위의 결과를 통해, 3MPa(30기압) 압력을 이용한 저속 냉동 보관법은 $4^{\circ}C$냉장법이나 압력을 사용하지 않은 다른 냉동 보관법에 비해 우수한 쥐 치아의 치주인대세포의 활성도를 보여 차후 치아의 재식/이식을 위한 중-장기 치아보관을 위한 방법으로의 가능성을 제시하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제34권6호
• /
• pp.491-499
• /
• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 구강상피세포를 배양한후 각기 다른 조건의 냉동 보존법으로 6일간 보존시 각각의 세포의 활성도를 Cell counting, WST-1, Clonogenic capacity의 방법을 이용하여 비교 평가하기 위함이다. 각 실험군당 $1\times10^6$개의 세포를 다음의 방법으로 6일간 냉동 보존한다. Freezing container에 담아 $1^{\circ}C$/min의 냉동속도로 $-70^{\circ}C$까지 냉동 후 $-196^{\circ}C$에 냉동하여 보관한 일반 냉동 보존군, 세포를 바로 $-196^{\circ}C$의 액화질소에 넣어 냉동한 급속 냉동 보존군, $4^{\circ}C$에서 $-35^{\circ}C$까지 $-0.5^{\circ}C$/min속도로 서서히 냉동시킨 뒤 $-196^{\circ}C$에 냉동한 저속 냉동 보존군, 2 Mpa, 3 Mpa의 압력을 가하고 $-0.5^{\circ}C$/min속도로 $4^{\circ}C$에서 $-35^{\circ}C$까지 서서히 냉동시킨 뒤 $-196^{\circ}C$에 냉동한 2 Mpa, 3 Mpa압력 저속 냉동 보존군으로 나누었다. 6일 후 냉동되었던 세포를 급속 해빙하여 각각의 Cell counting, WST-1, Clonogenic capacity 값을 측정하여 비교하였다. 실험 결과 2 Mpa혹은 3 Mpa의 압력을 이용한 저속 냉동법이 저속 냉동법 및 급속 냉동법 보다 세포 활성도에 있어 우수한 경향을 나타내었다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 1996년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.101-107
• /
• 1996

In this study, the wedge splitting test (WST) specimens with various strength levels were tested to investigate the fatigue crack growth behavior of concrete. Selected test variables were concrete compressive strength with 2 levels (28 MPa, 60 MPa, 100 MPa) and maximum fatigue loading with 2 levels (75%, 85%). Fatigue testing was preceded by fracture energy test and the crack growth was measured by means of the compliance calibration method, 60 WST specimens were cast for the fatigue test, and 6 companion cylinders ($\phi$100${\times}$ 200 mm) for each batch. In fatigue test, the frequency of loading cycle was 1 Hz, and the minimum fatigue loading level was 5~10 % of ultimate monotonic loading. On the basis of the experimental results, a fracture mechanics-based empirical relationships for fatigue crack growth rate (da/dN-$\Delta$KI relationships) were presented. In addition, the effect of initial notch depth on the fracture energy and the validity of compliance calibration technique for the WST were shown.

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.109-124
• /
• 2014

Objective: This study was conducted for one-hand users including hemiplegic clients currently using general folding manual wheelchairs, so as to analyze their specific problems and recommend solutions regarding usage. Background: Traditional manual wheelchairs require considerable use and control of both hands for operation, thus adaptations become necessary for individuals with asymmetrical use of hands. Method: Thirty hemiplegic clients who were admitted to rehabilitation and convalescent hospitals participated as subjects. The research tools were general folding manual wheelchairs commonly used by people with impaired gait, and the Wheelchair Skills Tests (WST) WST-M/WCU 4.1 version was adopted as the assessment tool. All participants were asked to fill out questionnaires on demographics and wheelchair usage characteristics. Assessment procedures were performed with currently used manual wheelchairs and with/without the use of foot to control the wheelchair. Results: When the participants drove folding manual wheelchairs without the use of foot, even the lowest failure rate among the WST items tested recorded 96.7%. On the contrary, with the use of foot in maneuvering the wheelchairs, failure rates dropped noticeably and success rate among the WST items tested was as high as 86.7%. Conclusion: These findings imply that the use of one-arm (hand) propellable (drivable) wheelchair can be an active and effective solution in resolving problems for hemiplegic clients using existing manual wheelchairs. As such, the government should provide institutional support to further develop and distribute this device or technology, and promote relative research in tandem. For now, the supply of commercially available device to hemiplegic clients is deemed urgent and also a mechanism to provide the devices and relevant services. Application: This study offers viable solutions for hemiplegic clients who rely on existing manual wheelchairs to increase their mobility and occupational performance.

• 한국어병학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 2015

In this study, we conducted to the development of a rapid antimicrobial susceptibility test method using WST-1 which is known to water-soluble tetrazolium salt, in order to rapidly response against bacterial diseases in fish. Eight of antibiotics which are permissioned for marine organism from government were used to rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the WST-1. As a result, a similar tendency was verified compare to conventional antibiotic susceptibility test results. Generally, the antibiotic susceptibility test method required about 3 days (72 hours) for determine the effective antibiotics, however, we have confirmed that the our method using WST-1 was required at least 36 hours in this study. Consequentially, our method will contribute to development of rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing for bacterial diseases in fish.

• 전자진흥
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.60-61
• /
• 1987

• 센서학회지
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.412-417
• /
• 2023

There is increasing interest in the rapid and highly sensitive monitoring of cell viability in biological and toxicological research. Conventional methods depend on optical assays using Water Soluble Tetrazolium-8 (WST-8) or 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, which requires a large volume of samples and special instruments, necessitating shipment of clinical samples to laboratories. This paper reports on the development of a rapid and sensitive electrochemical (EC) sensor using screen printed electrode (SPE) and surface modification using 4'-mercapto-N-phenylquinone diamine (4'-NPQD), as double electron mediators, for monitoring cell viability via the measurement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). We used the sensor to observe the viability of MCF-7 and doxorubicin (Dox)-treated cells. The oxidation current of NADH was measured via chronoamperometry (CA), and the EC results showed a good linear relationship when compared with NADH quantification using WST-8 assay. The analysis time was only 10 s and limit of detection (LOD) of NADH was 1.78 µM. Our EC method has the potential to replace conventional WST assays for cell viability and cytotoxicity experiments.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.39-44
• /
• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro cytotoxicity of the pozzolan cement and other root-end filling materials using human periodontal ligament cell. Materials and Methods: Endocem (Maruchi), white ProRoot MTA (Dentsply), white Angelus MTA (Angelus), and Super EBA (Bosworth Co.) were tested after set completely in an incubator at $37^{\circ}C$ for 7 days, Endocem was tested in two ways: 1) immediately after mixing (fresh specimens) and 2) after setting completely like other experimental materials. The methods for assessment included light microscopic examination, cell counting and WST-1 assay on human periodontal ligament cell. Results: In the results of microscopic examination and cell counting, Super EBA showed significantly lower viable cell than any other groups (p < 0.05). As the results of WST-1 assay, compared with untreated control group, there was no significant cell viability of the Endocem group. However, the fresh mixed Endocem group had significantly less cell viability. The cells exposed to ProRoot MTA and Angelus MTA showed the highest viability, whereas the cells exposed to Super EBA displayed the lowest viability (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The cytotoxicity of the pozzolan cement (Endocem) was comparable with ProRoot MTA and Angelus MTA. Considering the difficult manipulation and long setting time of ProRoot MTA and Angelus MTA, Endocem can be used as the alternative of retrofilling material.