• Title/Summary/Keyword: WOM effect

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Moderating Effects of Online Platform Business Ecosystems between Customer Participation and Psychological Ownership: A Comparison of Kakao and Facebook Ecosystems (고객참여와 심리적 주인의식의 관계에서 온라인 플랫폼 비즈니스 생태계 유형의 조절효과: 카카오와 페이스북 생태계의 비교)

  • Joo, Jaehun;Shin, M. Minsuk
    • The Journal of Information Systems
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.75-104
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    • 2016
  • Purpose The business ecosystem perspective offers a new lens in which to view customers. Customers as the member of business ecosystems influence firms by participating in both the firm level activities and the business ecosystem level activities. For example, customers participate in the business ecosystems by forming interest groups, allowing their voice to be heard the within business ecosystems. Customers can also, turn public opinion around and foster the business ecosystems favorable to firms. On the other hand, as an extreme case of customer participation, customers can engage in community activities to boycott the purchase of products or services from certain firms or business ecosystems. Design/methodology/approach This study views content creation and feedback activities as customer participation in the firm level. On the other hand, word-of-mouth (WOM) and boycott activities are considered as customer participation in the business ecosystem level. This study presents a research model regarding the relationships among customer socialization, customer participation, and psychological ownership. The proposed model is validated through an empirical analysis on online platform business ecosystems. Findings When the two business ecosystems are compared, different results were drawn. In the Facebook ecosystem, boycott and psychological ownership did not have a significant relationship. However, in the Kakao ecosystem, the two had a significant positive relationship. The mediating effect of the business ecosystem type sheds a light on the mission, purpose, vision, and other values associated with the theory of the business on the customer-firm relationship. Further implications for theory and practice were discussed in this study.

Examining the Effects of Perceived Value of Social Media on the Brand Relationship Quality: The Moderating Role of Self-Esteem (소셜 미디어의 인지된 가치가 브랜드관계품질에 미치는 영향에 관한 탐색적 연구: 자기존중감 조절 효과)

  • An, Kyung-Min;Lee, Yong-Chan
    • Journal of Industrial Convergence
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.1-14
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    • 2016
  • According to the previous studies about relationship marketing, customers who have relationship with preferable brand or company take spontaneous word of mouth(WOM) and make more purchases than those who don't. Recently, as e-commerce has been combined with social media, many companies that are looking for solution which can promote customer relationship quality using social media. This study aims to investigate the role of customer's perceived value on brand relationship quality in social media. Although perceived value has been defined from many perspectives, we only consider "perceived social value" and "perceived emotional value" in this paper. According to social capital theory, self-esteem is an important variable when we explain the relationships. Thus this paper considers "self-esteem" as a moderating variable between relationship quality and relationship retention. To serve the research purpose, we collect 226 valid questionnaires from social media users. And we analyze data set and test research hypotheses by using SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20. We expect that the result contain a lot of implication for both researchers and practitioners. Major findings from analyzing 226 valid questionnaires are as follows. First, when customer recognizes social value about brand or company, relationship quality with the brand or company has been improved. Second, when customer recognizes emotional value about brand or company, relationship retain intention with the brand or company has been improved. Third, self-esteem doesn't have moderating effect between relationship quality and relationship retention in social media.

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Development of Demand Prediction Model for Video Contents Using Digital Big Data (디지털 빅데이터를 이용한 영상컨텐츠 수요예측모형 개발)

  • Song, Min-Gu
    • Journal of Industrial Convergence
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.31-37
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    • 2022
  • Research on what factors affect the success of the movie market is very important for reducing risks in related industries and developing the movie industry. In this study, in order to find out the degree of correlation of independent variables that affect movie performance, a survey was conducted on film experts using the AHP method and the importance of each measurement factor was evaluated. In addition, we hypothesized that factors derived from big data related to search portals and SNS will affect the success of movies due to the increase in the spread and use of smart phones. And a prediction model that reflects both the expert survey information and big data mentioned above was proposed. In order to check the accuracy of the prediction of the proposed model, it was confirmed that it was improved (10.5%) compared to the existing model as a result of verification with real data.Therefore, it is judged that the proposed model will be helpful in decision-making of film production companies and distributors.

The Mediating Effect of Trust and Customer-Company Identification(CCID) on the relationship between Service Quality, CSR and Behavioral Intention in Insurance Company (보험회사의 서비스 품질, 사회적 책임활동과 고객행동의도 간의 관계에서의 신뢰 및 고객-기업동일시의 매개효과)

  • Hong, Soonran;Park, Hyeonsuk
    • Journal of Service Research and Studies
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.123-143
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    • 2018
  • This research examines empirically the causal relationship among service quality, CSR, trust, customer-company identification(=CCID), customer's behavioral intention as well as the mediating effect of trust and CCID on the relationship between service quality, CSR and customer's behavioral intention in insurance industry. With this background, this study conducted a statistical analysis based on survey data collected from insurance customers. The result of this empirical study is as follows. First, insurance company's CSR activity has a positive impact on customer's trust and customer-company Identification( =CCID). Second, both customer's trust and CCID have positive and significant effect on customer's behavioral intention. Third, we also find that both trust and CCID has a mediating effect on the relationship between service quality, CSR and customer's behavioral intention. This research shows that CSR activity of insurance company can enhance both customer's trust and CCID, in turn, when CSR activity and service quality is mediated by customer's trust and customer-company identification, it could be linked to customer's behavioral intention such as repurchasing, positive WOM(=word of mouth). This study is likely to contribute to CSR and service marketing research of insurance company.

Influence of Characteristics of Performance Video Content on WOM Effect through Trust and Satisfaction (공연 영상콘텐츠 특성이 신뢰와 만족을 통해 구전효과에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Sin-Bok;Park, Chanuk
    • The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.129-137
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    • 2019
  • New technology leads the fast changes to cope with the fourth industrial revolution in the modern society. To meet the changes of the times, not only daily life but also cultural life of the modern people are changing, and these changed the times when we watch the cultural performances such as drama, musical, and opera that we should appreciate onsite into the times to see them whenever and wherever we want to see upon digitalizing them. However, studies have not been actively performed on the performance videos unlike other areas probably since they expect better image quality and services. Hence, considering the expectations from performance video contents by consumers as benefit, convenience, and innovation, this study was conducted to review the effectiveness of these attributes on the trust and satisfaction level. Also, upon reviewing the effectiveness of these on the word of mouth effect, expansion potential of the performance video contents was investigated to deduct the meaningful implications. Study results showed that benefit and convenience affected trust and satisfaction positively while innovation did not affect them at all. Yet, trust and satisfaction showed the positive influence on the word of mouth effect.

The Effect of Brand Webtoon Users' Need for Uniqueness on Attitudes towards the Content and the Intention of WOM: Focusing on a mediation effect of the need for self-expression and a moderation effect of the perception of persuasive intent (브랜드 웹툰 수용자의 독특성 욕구가 콘텐츠 태도 및 구전의도에 미치는 영향: 자아표현 욕구 충족의 매개와 지각된 설득의도의 조절효과를 중심으로)

  • Lee, Hui-Jun;Jo, Chang-Hwan
    • (The) Korean Journal of Advertising
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    • v.28 no.8
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    • pp.111-132
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    • 2017
  • This study investigates how consumers' need for uniqueness and for self-expression have influence on their attitude towards brand webtoon contents and word of mouth intention. The results of this study shows that among the sub-dimensions of brand webtoon users' need for uniqueness, unpopular choices has a significantly positive influence on their need for self-expression, and in turn it has a strong positive impact on both attitude towards the webtoon content and intention of word of mouth. In particular, the data show that respondents' perceived perception of the persuasive intent of the brand webtoon moderates the effect of need for self-expression on the attitude towards the content. More specifically, respondents who perceive the persuasive intent in brand webtoon show a lesser degree of favourable attitude towards the content than do respondents who do report a low level of perception of persuasive intent of the brand webtoon. In sum, this study not only provides a theoretical foundation to understand how consumers perceive brand webtoons in terms of their need for uniqueness and for self-expression, but the study has implications for practitioners who are interested in using a brand webtoon for marketing.

Assessing the Damage: An Exploratory Examination of Electronic Word of Mouth (손해평고(损害评估): 대전자구비행소적탐색성고찰(对电子口碑行销的探索性考察))

  • Funches, Venessa Martin;Foxx, William;Park, Eun-Joo;Kim, Eun-Young
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.188-198
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    • 2010
  • This study attempts to examine the influence that negative WOM (NWOM) has in an online context. It specifically focuses on the impact of the service failure description and the perceived intention of the communication provider on consumer evaluations of firm competence, attitude toward the firm, positive word of mouth and behavioral intentions. Studies of communication persuasiveness focus on "who says what; to whom; in which channel; with what effect (Chiu 2007)." In this research study, we examine electronic web posting, particularly focusing on two aspects of "what": the level of service failure communicated and perceived intention of the individual posting. It stands to reason electronic NWOM that appears to be trying to damage a product’s or firm's reputation will be viewed as more biased and will thus be considered as less credible. According to attribution theory, people search for the causes of events especially those that are negative and unexpected (Weiner 2006). Hennig-Thurau and Walsh (2003) state "since the reader has only limited knowledge and trust of the author of an online articulation the quality of the contribution could be expected to serve as a potent moderator of the articulation-behavior relationship. We therefore posit the following hypotheses: H1. Subjects exposed to electronic NWOM describing a high level of service failure will provide lower scores on measures of (a) firm competence, (b) attitude toward the firm, (c) positive word of mouth, and (d) behavioral intention than will subjects exposed to electronic NWOM describing a low level of service failure. H2. Subjects exposed to electronic NWOM with a warning intent will provide lower scores on measures of (a) firm competence, (b) attitude toward the firm, (c) positive word of mouth, and (d) behavioral intention than will subjects exposed to electronic NWOM with a vengeful intent. H3. Level of service failure in electronic NWOM will interact with the perceived intention of the electronic NWOM, such that there will be a decrease in mean response on measures of (a) firm competence, (b) attitude toward the firm, (c) positive word of mouth, and (d) behavioral intention from electronic NWOM with a warning intent to a vengeful intent. The main study involved a2 (service failure severity) x2 (NWOM with warning versus vengeful intent) factorial experiment. Stimuli were presented to subjects online using a mock online web posting. The scenario described a service failure associated with non-acceptance of a gift card in a brick-and-mortar retail establishment. A national sample was recruited through an online research firm. A total of 113 subjects participated in the study. A total of 104 surveys were analyzed. The scenario was perceived to be realistic with 92.3% giving the scenario a greater than average response. Manipulations were satisfactory. Measures were pre-tested and validated. Items were analyzed and found reliable and valid. MANOVA results found the multivariate interaction was not significant, allowing our interpretation to proceed to the main effects. Significant main effects were found for post intent and service failure severity. The post intent main effect was attributable to attitude toward the firm, positive word of mouth and behavioral intention. The service failure severity main effect was attributable to all four dependent variables: firm competence, attitude toward the firm, positive word of mouth and behavioral intention. Specifically, firm competence for electronic NWOM describing high severity of service failure was lower than electronic NWOM describing low severity of service failure. Attitude toward the firm for electronic NWOM describing high severity of service failure was lower than electronic NWOM describing low severity of service failure. Positive word of mouth for electronic NWOM describing high severity of service failure was lower than electronic NWOM describing low severity of service failure. Behavioral intention for electronic NWOM describing high severity of service failure was lower for electronic NWOM describing low severity of service failure. Therefore, H1a, H1b, H1c and H1d were all supported. In addition, attitude toward the firm for electronic NWOM with a warning intent was lower than electronic NWOM with a vengeful intent. Positive word of mouth for electronic NWOM with a warning intent was lower than electronic NWOM with a vengeful intent. Behavioral intention for electronic NWOM with a warning intent was lower than electronic NWOM with a vengeful intent. Thus, H2b, H2c and H2d were supported. However, H2a was not supported though results were in the hypothesized direction. Otherwise, there was no significant multivariate service failure severity by post intent interaction, nor was there a significant univariate service failure severity by post intent interaction for any of the three hypothesized variables. Thus, H3 was not supported for any of the four hypothesized variables. This study has research and managerial implications. The findings of this study support prior research that service failure severity impacts consumer perceptions, attitude, positive word of mouth and behavioral intentions (Weun et al. 2004). Of further relevance, this response is evidenced in the online context, suggesting the need for firms to engage in serious focused service recovery efforts. With respect to perceived intention of electronic NWOM, the findings support prior research suggesting reader's attributions of the intentions of a source influence the strength of its impact on perceptions, attitude, positive word of mouth and behavioral intentions. The implication for managers suggests while consumers do find online communications to be credible and influential, not all communications are weighted the same. A benefit of electronic WOM, even when it may be potentially damaging, is it can be monitored for potential problems and additionally offers the possibility of redress.

Electronic Word-of-Mouth in B2C Virtual Communities: An Empirical Study from CTrip.com (B2C허의사구중적전자구비(B2C虚拟社区中的电子口碑): 관우휴정려유망적실증연구(关于携程旅游网的实证研究))

  • Li, Guoxin;Elliot, Statia;Choi, Chris
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.262-268
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    • 2010
  • Virtual communities (VCs) have developed rapidly, with more and more people participating in them to exchange information and opinions. A virtual community is a group of people who may or may not meet one another face to face, and who exchange words and ideas through the mediation of computer bulletin boards and networks. A business-to-consumer virtual community (B2CVC) is a commercial group that creates a trustworthy environment intended to motivate consumers to be more willing to buy from an online store. B2CVCs create a social atmosphere through information contribution such as recommendations, reviews, and ratings of buyers and sellers. Although the importance of B2CVCs has been recognized, few studies have been conducted to examine members' word-of-mouth behavior within these communities. This study proposes a model of involvement, statistics, trust, "stickiness," and word-of-mouth in a B2CVC and explores the relationships among these elements based on empirical data. The objectives are threefold: (i) to empirically test a B2CVC model that integrates measures of beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors; (ii) to better understand the nature of these relationships, specifically through word-of-mouth as a measure of revenue generation; and (iii) to better understand the role of stickiness of B2CVC in CRM marketing. The model incorporates three key elements concerning community members: (i) their beliefs, measured in terms of their involvement assessment; (ii) their attitudes, measured in terms of their satisfaction and trust; and, (iii) their behavior, measured in terms of site stickiness and their word-of-mouth. Involvement is considered the motivation for consumers to participate in a virtual community. For B2CVC members, information searching and posting have been proposed as the main purpose for their involvement. Satisfaction has been reviewed as an important indicator of a member's overall community evaluation, and conceptualized by different levels of member interactions with their VC. The formation and expansion of a VC depends on the willingness of members to share information and services. Researchers have found that trust is a core component facilitating the anonymous interaction in VCs and e-commerce, and therefore trust-building in VCs has been a common research topic. It is clear that the success of a B2CVC depends on the stickiness of its members to enhance purchasing potential. Opinions communicated and information exchanged between members may represent a type of written word-of-mouth. Therefore, word-of-mouth is one of the primary factors driving the diffusion of B2CVCs across the Internet. Figure 1 presents the research model and hypotheses. The model was tested through the implementation of an online survey of CTrip Travel VC members. A total of 243 collected questionnaires was reduced to 204 usable questionnaires through an empirical process of data cleaning. The study's hypotheses examined the extent to which involvement, satisfaction, and trust influence B2CVC stickiness and members' word-of-mouth. Structural Equation Modeling tested the hypotheses in the analysis, and the structural model fit indices were within accepted thresholds: ${\chi}^2^$/df was 2.76, NFI was .904, IFI was .931, CFI was .930, and RMSEA was .017. Results indicated that involvement has a significant influence on satisfaction (p<0.001, ${\beta}$=0.809). The proportion of variance in satisfaction explained by members' involvement was over half (adjusted $R^2$=0.654), reflecting a strong association. The effect of involvement on trust was also statistically significant (p<0.001, ${\beta}$=0.751), with 57 percent of the variance in trust explained by involvement (adjusted $R^2$=0.563). When the construct "stickiness" was treated as a dependent variable, the proportion of variance explained by the variables of trust and satisfaction was relatively low (adjusted $R^2$=0.331). Satisfaction did have a significant influence on stickiness, with ${\beta}$=0.514. However, unexpectedly, the influence of trust was not even significant (p=0.231, t=1.197), rejecting that proposed hypothesis. The importance of stickiness in the model was more significant because of its effect on e-WOM with ${\beta}$=0.920 (p<0.001). Here, the measures of Stickiness explain over eighty of the variance in e-WOM (Adjusted $R^2$=0.846). Overall, the results of the study supported the hypothesized relationships between members' involvement in a B2CVC and their satisfaction with and trust of it. However, trust, as a traditional measure in behavioral models, has no significant influence on stickiness in the B2CVC environment. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on B2CVCs, specifically addressing gaps in the academic research by integrating measures of beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors in one model. The results provide additional insights to behavioral factors in a B2CVC environment, helping to sort out relationships between traditional measures and relatively new measures. For practitioners, the identification of factors, such as member involvement, that strongly influence B2CVC member satisfaction can help focus technological resources in key areas. Global e-marketers can develop marketing strategies directly targeting B2CVC members. In the global tourism business, they can target Chinese members of a B2CVC by providing special discounts for active community members or developing early adopter programs to encourage stickiness in the community. Future studies are called for, and more sophisticated modeling, to expand the measurement of B2CVC member behavior and to conduct experiments across industries, communities, and cultures.

Mediating Effects of Perceived Risk and Usefulness between Online Information Credibility and Intention to Use (온라인 정보의 신뢰성 및 정보 활용의도 사이의 지각된 위험과 유용성의 매개효과에 관한 연구)

  • Sun, Jonghak;Yoon, Jung-Hyeon
    • Management & Information Systems Review
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.99-118
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    • 2014
  • Using the theory of attribution, this study investigates the determinants if controllability and explores underlying dimensions of online information credibility, and then investigates if the credibility of online information influences the users' intention to use the online information for evaluating or judging the involved products. Moreover, as a research attempt to investigate the impacts of online information credibility, this study examines whether the main effect of perceived online information credibility on the intention of using online information to make a decision of purchase is mediated by both perceived risk and perceived usefulness. A total of 287 survey forms were collected from online consumers. We examined reliability by exploring internal consistency of the multiple item scales in the overall sample. Convergent and discriminant validity were also examined for evidence of construct validity. Then, PLS technique was employed to test the research model. As a result of analyzing data from a dataset of 287 responses via PLS technique, it is found that (1) both sources (controllability and stability) of perceived credibility are significantly associated with both perceived risk and perceived usefulness, and (2) perceived risk as well as perceived usefulness partially mediate the link between the two sources of credibility and intention to use. The findings of this study also suggest that the two dimensions of online information credibility influence information recipient's intention to use. Moreover, the online information including descriptions about controllability and stability can trigger potential consumers to perceive risk about consumption of the informed products and services. Therefore, providing online information with highly described controllability and stability can increase not only the credibility of the online information itself, but also the intention to use the online information through perceived risk and usefulness.

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STUDY ON COMPARISON OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY BETWEEN HORSERADISH(ARMORACIA RUSTICANA) ROOT EXTRACTS AND SYNTHETIC ALLYL ISOTHIOCYANATE AGAINST ORAL PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS (구강 내 미생물에 대한 서양산 고추냉이 (Horseradish, Armoracia rusticana) 뿌리 천연추출물과 합성 Allyl isothiocyanate의 항균활성 비교)

  • Park, Kwang-Sun;Park, Ho-Wom;Shin, Il-Sik;Lee, Ju-Hyun;Seo, Hyun-Woo
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.36 no.2
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    • pp.217-226
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    • 2009
  • Allyl isothiocyanate (AIT), the principle ingredient of antimicrobial ingredients from horseradish root, can be prepared from extracts of horseradish root or synthetic method. It is reported that the horseradish root extract has the antimicrobial effect against various oral microorganisms, while there is no further study about the antimicrobial effect against the oral microorganisms of synthetic AIT derived from synthetic method. The aim of the study is to compare the difference of the antimicrobial effect between horseradish root extracts and synthetic AIT. To evaluate the antimicrobial effect, we measured the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and the results are like following. 1. The MIC of horseradish root extract against 7 kinds of oral pathogenic microorganisms is about 117$\sim$1,750 ppm(0.0117$\sim$0.175%), and the MIC of the synthetic AIT is about 344$\sim$3,000 ppm(0.0344$\sim$0.3%), which have the antimicrobial effects against all kinds of microorganisms. 2. The MBC of the horseradish root extracts against the 7 kinds of oral microorganisms is about 625.2$\sim$6,000 ppm(0.06252$\sim$0.6%), and the MBC of the synthetic AIT is about 1,750$\sim$7,000 ppm(0.175$\sim$0.7%), which have the antimicrobial effects against all kinds of microorganisms.

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