• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.994-1002
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• 2012

An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of age and caponization on the development blood and bone characteristics development in male country chickens in Taiwan. A total of two hundred 8-wk-old LRI native chicken cockerels, Taishi meat No.13 from LRI-COA, were used as experimental animals. Cockerels were surgically caponized at 8 wks of age. Twelve birds in each group were bled and dressed from 8 wks to 35 wks of age at 1 to 5 wk intervals. The results indicated that the plasma testosterone concentration was significantly (p<0.05) lower in capons after 12 wks of age (caponized treatment after 4 wks) than that of the intact males. The relative tibia weight, bone breaking strength, cortical thickness, bone ash, bone calcium, bone phosphorus and bone magnesium contents were significantly (p<0.05) higher in intact males, while capons had higher (p<0.05) plasma ionized calcium, inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase concentration. The plasma testosterone concentration, relative tibia weight, tibia length, breaking strength, cortical thickness, bone ash, calcium, and phosphorus contents of intact males chickens increased significantly (p<0.05) with the advance of age. In addition, the relative tibia weight of capons peaked at 18 wks of age, and declined at 35 wks of age. The bone ash, calcium and phosphorus content increased most after 14 wks of age in male native chickens in Taiwan. Also, tibia length and cortical thickness peaked at 22 wks of age. However, the peak of bone strength was found at 26 wks of age. These findings support the assertion that androgens can directly influence bone composition fluxes in male chickens. Caponization caused a significant increase in bone loss at 4 wks post treatment, which reflected bone cell damage, and demonstrated reductions in the relative tibia weight, breaking strength, cortical thickness, bone ash, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium contents, and increases in plasma ionized calcium, inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase concentration.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.81-85
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• 1970

These experiments were designed to study the influence of protein undernutrition during lactation period(3 wks) or after-weaning period(8 wks) on growth of organs, and on brain and liver composition of the experimental rats. The following experimental groups were studied. Group No. Rats Lactation(3 wks) (Diet of mother rat) After-weaning period(8wks) Rehabilitation Period(17wks) I 8 25% Casein diet 25% Casein diet 25% Casein diet II 8 12% Casein diet 25% Casein diet 25% Casein diet III 8 25% Casein diet 5% Casein diet 25% Casein diet IV 8 12% Casein diet 5% Casein diet 25% Casein diet After the perriod of rehabilitation(17 wks) with 25% casein diet, the following results were obtained. 1. Most of the organs except the spleen could not catch up with the normal group in their weights for the group of protein undernutrition during lactation(3 wks), even after 17 weeks of rehabilitation. For the group of protein undernutrition during after-weaning period(8 wks) brain, lung, heart, spleen and pancreas could catch up with the normal group after rehabilitation. According to this result it is assumed that the growth of brain, lung, heart and pancreas might be developed mostly during lactation and that the growth of liver and kidney might be developed after-weaning period continuously. 2. For the groups of protein underuntrition during lactation period or after-weaning period the amounts of total lipid, cholesterol and phospholipid of brain were lower than those of normal group. Especially, cholesterol level was significantly lower than normal group. And there was also a significant difference in the phospholipid level of the after-weaning(8 wks) deprivation group. 3. The groups of protein undernutrition during lactation or after-weaning period(8 wks) showed lower level of liver nitrogen and higher level of liver fat. Especially, protein undernutriton during lactation gave a greater influence on the lever of liver fat.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2012

연구 목적: 이 논문은 임플란트 고정체가 골융합이 이루어지기전 의원성 동요가 있을 경우 골결합에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 알아 보고자 한다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 실험에 사용한 임플란트는 직경 3.73 mm, 길이 4 mm의 순수한 타이타늄과 RBM ($MegaGen^{(R)}$: Ca-P) 처리된 임플란트(Grade IV)를 사용하였다. 몸무게 3.5kg 이상의 토끼(Female, New Zealand White)의 한쪽 경골에 2개씩 양쪽 다리에 임플란트를 식립하여 모두 80개의 임플란트가 식립되었다. 비틀림 제거력(Removal torque)의간격에 따라 그룹 I (6주), 그룹 II (4일+6주), 그룹 III (4일+1주+6주), 그룹 IV (1주+6주), 그룹 V (1주+1주+6주), 그룹 VI (2주+6주), 그룹 VII (2주+1주+6주), 그룹 VIII (3주+6주), 그룹 IX (3주+1주+6주), 그룹 X (10주)으로 10개의 그룹으로 나누었다. 본 실험에서 그룹 I과 그룹X가 대조군이며, 비틀림 제거력은 digital torque gauze (Mark-10, USA)를 사용하여 6주와 10주에 측정하였다. 실험군에서는 마지막 비틀림 제거력을 측정하기 전에 의원성 동요를 가하여 한 번 혹은 두 번 비틀림 제거력을 측정하여 그 수치를 기록하였다. 그 후, 대조군을 제외하고 비틀림 제거력을 측정한 임플란트는 가급적 원래의 위치로 돌려 놓고 봉합을 하였다. 모든 실험군은 마지막 비틀림 제거력 측정전까지 6주간의 치유기간을 주었으며, 마지막 비틀림 제거력은 실험군 첫 번째 또는 두 번째 비틀림 제거력값과 비교하여 결과를 분석하였다. 결과: 마지막 비틀림 제거력 측정값에서 그룹X (10주)의 값이 대조군인 그룹 I (6주)의 값보다 높았으나, 통계적으로는 유의하지 않았다. 실험군과 대조군 사이의 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(P>.05). 첫 번째 비틀림 제거력 측정치에서, 실험군(4일혹은1주)에서 다른 실험군(2주혹은3주)의 수치보다 낮은 값을 보였다. 치유기간에 따른 각 실험군의 비교에서, 최종 비틀림 제거력 값이 첫 번째 비틀림 제거력 값 보다 현저히 높은 값을 보였다. 결론: 골유착이 형성되기 전 한 번 또는 두 번 의원성으로 동요는, 만약 충분한 치유기간을 가지게 될 경우 임플란트의 골유착에 영향을 주지 않는다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.984-989
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• 2004

Three hundred and twelve female Tsaiya ducks from four lines (L1051, L1052, L1053 and L1054) were used in this study to investigate the changes in plasma calcium and inorganic phosphorus levels, blood pH, carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO$_{2}$), bicarbonate ion concentration ($HCO_{3}^{-}$), and base excess (BE) during laying periods. The results indicated that plasma calcium and inorganic phosphorus concentration at 40 and 50 wks of age were higher (p<0.05) than those at other ages. Significant positive correlation coefficients were found between plasma calcium and inorganic phosphorus levels at each age tested from 20 to 50 wks. Ducks from L1053 showed lower (p<0.05) blood pH, BE and $HCO_{3}^{-}$ as compared with other lines. Ducks from L1054 had higher (p<0.05) blood pH, BE and $HCO_{3}^{-}$ than those of other lines showing that there were some differences on blood parameters among lines. Eggshell strength decreased with age up to 65 wks and remained constant thereafter. Egg weight increased gradually from 30 to 60 wks and decreased slightly after 70 wks of age. Plasma inorganic phosphorus level in 40 and 50 wks old birds was positively correlated with eggshell strength, while blood $HCO_{3}^{-}$ in 40 and 50 wks old birds was negatively correlated with eggshell strength.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.34-47
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• 2007

Statement of problem: Conventional mandibular complete denture lacks in support and stability for edentulous patients to use. Purpose: To enhance support and stability of mandibular complete denture, 2 implants were inserted on the inter-mental foramina space of edentulous patients. With 2 magnetic attachments on the inner side of the overdenture, we gave immediate loads and evaluated the stability of the implants, the responses of the supporting tissues, and the satisfaction of the patients. Material & methods: 6 edentulous patients (5 male, 1 female) each recieved 2 SLA implants in the inter-mental foramina region and implants were immediately loaded with overdenture with magnet attachments. To evaluate the implants stability and the peri-implant tissues, clinical exams, RFA tests and radiographic exams were preformed at the 1 week, 2wks, 6wks, 12wks, and 24wks. post- surgery. Results: The mean surgery time was $45.7{\pm}7.7mins$., while the denture delivery time was $45.5{\pm}12.6mins$. Only 2 of 14 implants were failed. Survived implants that remained were clincally and radiographically stable. Mean ISQ values were relatively stable, showing $69.71{\pm}5.55$, $69.00{\pm}9.48$, $67.92{\pm}7.86$, $67.92{\pm}9.58$, $70.08{\pm}7.61$, $71.92{\pm}6.43$ at the 1 wk, 2 wks, 6 wks, 12 wks, 24 wks. follow up check. Crestal bone changes were $-1.18mm{\pm}0.68mm$, $-1.35{\pm}0.69mm$, $-1.47{\pm}0.68mm$ at the 6wks, 12wks, 24wks. follow up check. Bleeding on probing(BOP index) was not significant. Conclusion: Mandibular ovedentures with 2 magnetic attachments over two interforaminal implants on edentulous patients for immediate function is a recommendable novel treatment for edentulous patients which shows stability on the implants and supporting tissue.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.75-83
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• 1999

To investigate the effects of negative therapy at back meridian points on blood gas components and immune functions in male college students, this study was conducted on treatment types(abdomen group and back group) at three sampling times (before, post-2 wks and post-4 wks) by using $2{\times}3$ factoral design. Blood gas $components(pH,\;PCO_2,\;PO_2,\;HCO_3^-,\;O_2SAT,\;BE)$, red blood cell, hematocrit, hemoglobin, white blood cell and subsets(neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil. lymphocyte, monocyte), total T cells, helper T cells, suppressor T cells, Th/Ts ratio, total B cells, serum immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE), Cytokines(Interlukin$-1{\beta}$, -2, -4, 2 receptor, -6 and ${\gamma}$-interferon), NK cells were measured. Collected with data were analyzed statistically by repealed measured ANOVA. The pattern of change between two groups for hematocrit, hemoglobin, suppressor T cells, interleukin-6, ${\gamma}-interferon$, NK cells at post-2 weeks and BE, lymphocyte, basophil at post-4 weeks was significantly different(p<0.05) And also the pattern of change over time for ${HCO_3}^-$(2 wks vs 4 wks), WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte(0 wks vs 2 wks and 2 wks vs 4 wks) was significantly different(p<0.05). In summary, these data suggest that negative therapy at back meridian points had an effect on blood gas components and immune functions in male college students because practicing negative therapy at back meridian points was not associated with changes of all blood gas components and immune factors but associated with changes of BE, hematocrit, hemoglobin, WBC. neutrophil, lymphocyte, interleukin-6. ${\gamma}-interferon$, NK cells.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.1034-1038
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• 2007

To examine the difference of health-related quality of life (QoL) of obese patients between before and after treatment of Korean traditional medicine. This study was assessed in 18 obese-women (age 29.72${\pm}$7.38) treated by acupuncture and herbal medicine using SF-36 quality of life questionnaire between January and July 2006, a 36 item instrument yielding 8 dimensions (Social functioning, Role limitation-Physical, Role limitation-Emotion, Mental health, Vitality, Bodily pain, and General health) and a total score. Their weight was measured by Inbody 3.0 (Biospace co. Korea). QoL and body composition was assessed twice at baseline (B) and 4 weeks after treatment. Auricular acupuncture and electrical needle stimulation to abdomen, thigh, and arm fat was used twice a week and complex herb formula was prescribed according to their constitution and symptoms for 4 weeks. Herb medication was taken 2 times a day. Respective variables were analyzed with Wilcoxon signed ranks test and the level set for statistical significance was p <0.05. The mean of the body weight (P=0.000;B64,68${\pm}$6.86, 4 WKs 60.47${\pm}$5.69), fat percentage (P=0.000;B33.14${\pm}$4.86, 4 WKs 30.16${\pm}$5.34), body mass index (P=0.000;B25.18${\pm}$2.44, 4 WKs 23.46${\pm}$2.09) and fat weight (P=0.000;B21.66${\pm}$5.06, 4 WKs 18.41${\pm}$4.57) of some obese patients decreased significantly between before and after treatment for 4 weeks. Physical functioning (P=0.48;B27.06${\pm}$3.17, 4 WKs 28.00${\pm}$1.71), Mental health (P=0.01 ;B18.83${\pm}$5.25, 4 WKs 22.00${\pm}$3.73), Vitality (P=0.028;B13.89${\pm}$3.03, 4 WKs 15.44${\pm}$2.53), Bodily pain (P=.0014;B8.84${\pm}$1.75, 4 WKs 10.15${\pm}$1.78), and the total scores (P=0.001;B104.99${\pm}$12.60, 4 WKs 114.58${\pm}$11.11) of SF-36 were increased significantly after treatments. These data show some differences in QoL and BMI between before and after treatment on obesity and suggest that the treatment with acupuncture and herbal medicine have a positive impact on several domains of QoL of some obese patients. Further randomized clinical trials (RCTs) including follow-up are needed to examine whether acupuncture and herb medicine have a positive effect on QoL of treatment group compared with control group.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.53-57
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• 1985

본 연구는 서울대학교 농과대학 실험목장에서 사육되었던. Broiler 종계 3계통에 대하여 이면교잡을 실시하고 여기에서 작출된 9개 교배조합의 자료를 이용하였다. 총 32수의 부가계와 209수의 모가계에서 생산된 1,109수의 암ㆍ수탉을 공시하여 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 교배조합, 집구, 성별에 대한 분산분석은 모두 고도의 유의성 (P〈0.01)이 인정되었다. 2. 부모 결합분산성분에 의한 유전력은 2, 4, 6 및 8주령 체중에서 각각 0.32, 0.31, 0.35 및 0.29로 추정되었다. 3. 2, 4, 6 및 8주령의 체중에 대한 상관분석에서 2주령과 8주령에서는 0.72의 유전상관과 0.35의 낮은 표현형-상관을 보였으며, 4주령과 8주령에서는 0.91 및 0.61의 유전상관과 표현형상관을 보였다. 또한 6주령과 8주영에서 0.94의 높은 유전상관 및 0.78의 표현형상관이 추정된 결과 broiler종계 교잡시험에 있어서 4주령 및 6주령 체중을 이용하여 8주영 체중에 대한 조기판정의 가능성을 보였다. 4. 2주령부터 8주령까지 broiler 성장을 다항회귀에 적합시킨 결과 전체평균에 의한 것이 W=-141.13＋30.575 D＋G.161D$^2$ (단 14$\leq$D$\leq$56), 암컷은 W=-228.42＋29.886D＋0.126 D$^2$(단, 14$\leq$D$\leq$56), 수컷은 W=-257.14＋3l.474 D＋0.202ㅇ$^2$(단, 14$\leq$D$\leq$56)으로 추정되었다 (W: body weight, D: days of age). 이들 모두 $R^2$가 0.99이상 고도의 적합도를 보였으며, 2적령시 8.36g의 암수 체중차리에서 적령이 경통함에 따라 68.08g(4주령), 169.99g(6주령), 293.19g(8주령)의 성에 의한 차이가 크게 나타났다. 따라서 암수 혼합사육시에는 성에 대한 효과가 적은 계통의 조합으로 선발이 고려되어야 하며, 또한 출하시 체중에 따라 분리사육하는 것이 바람직하다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.264-275
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• 2003

The purpose of this study were to develop a smoking preventive education program for elementary students and evaluate it's effectiveness. This study was a quasi experimental study under the nonequivalent control group with pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this study were 62 who are attending elementary school(31 for each group), 2 different district elementary school. The subjects were matched by grade, similar in anti-smoking educational background of smoking, as well as their residence and income level of their families. The instruments used in this study was 18 criterion referenced test items modeled by Dick & Carey that were developed by researchers for evaluating the subjects' knowledge and attitude about smoking. A pretest was administered a week before treatment The program given to the experimental group is composed of the texts explaining the poisonous substances in tobacco, social and cultural harmfulness of smoking to the body and psychology, indirect smoking, smoking of pregnant women, motives of smoking, refusal skills of smoking; and for the subjects' understanding and the better results of study - pictures, role play, discussion, text through computer based multi-media, puzzle searching for hidden pictures, cross-word puzzle, and finally compensation. The data were collected for 50 days form mid- September to the end of October in the year of 2000, composed of formative evaluation, pre-test and summative evaluation via 2 sessions. Accordingly, the collected data were analysed by t-test, paired t-test, repeated measure ANOVA by the SAS program. This research summarize the findings as follows; 1. There was a significant difference in knowledge between the experimental group(after 1 wks t=10.4680, p=.0001; after 4 wks t= 9.310, p=.0001) and control group(after 1 wks t=0.0420, p= .9669; after 4 wks t= -0.378 p=.7079) in between the results of 1 and 4 week after education in summative evaluation (F=27.45, P=.0001). 2. There was non statistical significant difference in attitude between the experimental group (after 1 wks t=1.2292, p=0.2286 ; after 4 wks t=1.330, p=0.1935) and control group (after 1 wks t=0.1819, p=0.8569 ; after 4 wks t=0.2970, p=0.7685) in between the results of 1 and 4 week after education in summative evaluation(F=0.71, P=0.494). To sum up, the statistics of conclusive analysis evaluative for the children under school age of the 'knowledge acquisition' about smoking harmfulness. On the other hand, as there was already sound attitude about smoking, the evaluation of attitude was non significant difference between control group and experimental group, just there was partially significant difference.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.466-475
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 인공 사육 모델 시스템과 인공 쥐용 분유를 이용하여 출생 직후 12시간 이내에 엄마 쥐들로부터 신생 쥐를 분리하여 n-3 지방산 결핍분유와 n-3 지방산 적절분유로 3주 동안 사육한 후(이유기) 각각 장기들을 취하고 또한 성숙 쥐(15 wks)의 뇌, 망막, 간을 취하여 뇌 성장 발달 과정 동안 n-3지방산 결핍이 이들 장기들의 지방산조성 변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 이유기와 성숙기 쥐의 뇌 지방산 조성은 n-3 지방산 적절군과 대조군과 비교했을 때, n-3지방산 결핍군의 경우 n-6지방산의 함량은 높았으나 (p<0.05), 총 monounsaturated 지방산과 총 n-3 지방산의 함량은 낮았고(p<0.05), 총 saturated 지방산의 경우는 변화가 없었다. 기대했듯이 뇌 DHA의 경우 n-3 지방산 결핍군은 n-3 지방산 적절군과 대조군에 비해 이유기 때 $50\%$, 성숙기에는 $70\%$까지 감소하였고 반면 n-6 계열인 DPAn-6의 함량은 상당히 증가하였음을 살펴볼 수가 있었다. 이유기의 망막의 총 saturated 지방산과 총 monounsaturated 지방산에는 식이군 사이에 변화가 없었고 22:4n-6, DPAn-6와 총 n-6 지방산의 함량은 n-3 지방산 결핍군에서 n-3 지방산 적절군과 대조군에 비해 증가하였으나(p<0.05), 22:5n-3, DHA와 총 n-3 지방산의 함량은 상당히 감소하였음을 관찰할 수가 있었다(p<0.05). 성숙 쥐 망막의 지방산조성의 경우 20:4n-6, 22:4n-6, 22:5n-6와 총 n-6 지방산의 함량은 n-3 지방산 결핍군에서 n-3 지방산 적절군과 대조군에 비해 증가하였으나(p<0.05), 22:5n-3, DHA와 총 n-3 지방산의 함량은 상당히 감소하였다(p<0.05). 특히 n-3 결핍군의 망막 DHA는 이유기 때 $57\%$ 감소에서 성숙기에 $63\%$까지 감소하였다. (p<0.05). 간의 경우, 이유기의 n-3 지방산 결핍군의 DHA는 $65\%$ 감소한 반면 간의 DPAn-6는 $59\%$ 증가하였다. 흥미로운 것은 이유기의 간 지방산 조성과는 대조적으로 성숙기의 n-3 지방산 결핍군의 18:2n-6, 20:3n-6, 20:4n-6와 22:4n-6 지방산 함량이 현저히 감소된 것과는 달리 DPAn-6의 함량이 n-3 지방산 적절군보다 $143\%$까지 증가되었음 관찰할 수 가 있었다(p<0.05). 이상의 장기들의 n-3지방산 결핍군은 이유기와 성숙기에서 DPAn-6/DHA비와 n-6/n-3비 또한 n-3 지방산 적절군과 대조군에 비해 컸으나(p<0.05) DPAn-6와 DHA의 합에는 변화가 없었다. 따라서 뇌 성숙 발달 과정동안 n-3 지방산 결핍은 뇌의 DHA의 결핍을 초래하고 이러한 비정상적인 조건에서 DPAn-6의 증가를 유발하였으며 이러한 지방산 조성의 변화와 공간과 후각에 기초를 하는 기억 학습 능력 저하의 관련성에 대해서는 앞으로 연구가 진행되어져야 할 것으로 사료되어진다.