• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2002

The aim of this study is to present the basic reference data of age and specipic gait parameters for Hemiplegia Patients. The basic gait parameters were extracted from 30 Adult Hemiplegia Patients and 30 normal adult, 50 to 60 years of age using VICON 512 Motion Analyzer. The results were as follows; 1) The mean Cadence of the adult to the hemiplegia were $108.50\pm11.67$ steps/min, to $77.57\pm22.71$ steps/min. 2) The mean Walking Speed of the adult to the hemiplegia were $1.07\pm0.18m/s$, to $0.44\pm0.14m/s.$. 3) The mean Stride Length of the adult to the hemiplegia were $1.17\pm0.12m$, to $0.69\pm0.21m.$ 4) The mean maximal angles of joint on the pelvic tilt for different adult or hemiplegia Were $7.60\pm3.91.,\;to\;9.63\pm4.94.\;(P<0.05)$ 5) The mean maximal angles of joint on the hip flexion motion for different adult or hemiplegia were $29.53\pm5.03.,\;to\;25.30\pm9.94.\;(p<0.05)$ 6) The mean maximal angles of joint on the knee flexion motion for different adult or hemiplegia were $56.36\pm5.81.,\;to\; 41.64\pm17.21.(P<0.05)$ 7) The mean maximal angles of joint on the ankle dorsiflexion motion for different adult or hemiplegia were $16.65\pm2.72.,\;to\;16.53\pm7.45$(P>0.05) 8) The mean maximal angles of joint on the ankle plantarflexion motion for different adult or hemiplegia were $7.11\pm5.42.,\;to\;2.81\pm6.14.$(p<0.05)

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.129-134
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• 2002

The aim of this study is to present the basic reference data of age and specipic gait parameters for Hemiplegia Patients. The basic gait parameters were extracted from 10 Adult Hemiplegia Patients, 5 left Hemiplegia Patients and 5 right Hemiplegia Patients, 50 to 60 years of age using VICON 512 Motion Analyzer. The results were as follows; 1) The mean Cadence of the left to the right hemiplegia were $75.81{\pm}28.10\;steps/min$, to $68.47{\pm}9.93\;steps/min$. 2) The mean Walking Speed of the left to the right hemiplegia were $0.45{\pm}0.28\;m/s$, to $0.44{\pm}0.14\;m/s$. 3) The mean Stride Length of the left to the right hemiplegia were $0.66{\pm}0.31\;m$, to $0.76{\pm}0.17m$. 4) The mean. maximal angles of joint on the pelvic tilt for different right or left hemiplegia were $8.59{\pm}5.13^{\circ}$, to $11.85{\pm}5.23^{\circ}$.(p>0.05) 5) The mean maximal angles of joint on the hip flexion motion for different right or left hemiplegia were $23.98{\pm}8.45^{\circ}$, to $25.81{\pm}5.39^{\circ}$.(p>0.05) 6) The mean maximal angles of joint on the knee flexion motion for different right or left hemiplegia were $29.52{\pm}10.24^{\circ}$, to $28.38{\pm}14.48^{\circ}$.(p>0.05) 7) The mean maximal angles of joint on the ankle dorsiflexion motion for different right or left hemiplegia were $14.68{\pm}5.03^{\circ}$, to $9.90{\pm}7.26^{\circ}$.(p>0.05) 8) The mean maximal angles of joint on the ankle plantarflexion motion for different right or left hemiplegia were $2.10{\pm}5.17^{\circ}$, to $8.63{\pm}5.81^{\circ}$.(p>0.05)

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of the peak plantar pressure distribution under the foot areas and the range of motion (ROM) of ankle joint according to gradients in treadmill gait. Method : Thirty normal subjects (15 male and 15 female) walked on treadmill at three gradient conditions ($0^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$, and $15^{\circ}$) in normal speed. The ankle ROM was measured using the CMS70P that is three dimensional analyzer for excursion of ankle ROM, plantar flexion, and dorsi flexion. The peak plantar pressure distribution under the hallux, 1st metatarsal head (MTH) and heel was measured using the F -Scan system with an in-shoe sensor. Data was collected from 9 steps of left sife foot in at each gradient condition while all subjects walked. Result : As the treadmill gradient increased, the excursion of ankle joint was significantly increased (p<.05). Also, plantar flexion and dorsi flexion was significantly increased according to treadmill gradients (p<.05). The peak plantar pressure under the 1st MTH was significantly increased (p<.05) and the peak plantar pressure under the heel was significantly decreased (p<.05) as the treadmill gradient increased. No significant different in the peak plantar pressure under the hallux was observed. Conclusion : This study suggests that physical therapy for patients who have limited ankle ROM should be considered sufficient range of motion for functional ambulation. And individuals that have painful forefoot syndromes, including metatarsalgia, hallux valgus, and plantar ulceration should be careful in walking to uphill, as there is high plantar pressure under the forefoot.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate muscle activity and gait pattern in lower limb depending on the outsole of heel rockers. Fifteen healthy men volunteered for this experiment. Each subject performed totally three trails with two pairs of different heel rocker shoes and a pair of normal running shoes at speed of 1.33m/s for 1 minute during walking on a treadmill. Kinematic data gathered in 100Hz was recorded and analyzed by using the 3D motion capture system to measure the trunk tilt and joint angle of the right lower limb. And the lower extremity muscle activities were simultaneously recorded in 1000Hz and assessed by using EMG. The statistical analysis was the one-way ANOVA with the repeated measures to compare among the three kinds of shoes. The level of statistical significance for all tests was 0.05. Joint angle of lower limb was showed statistically significant different in MST(hip joint), LHS(ankle joint), and RTO(knee and ankle joint). Muscle activity of rectus femoris and biceps femoris was statistically increased in both heel rocker shoes during gait cycle on treadmill. The maximum peak time of tibialis anterior in the negative heel rocker showed the delay of approximately 23.8%time than normal shoes. Gait pattern variability of the negative heel rocker was increased in the first half of the stance phase and the variability of the positive heel rocker was increased in the terminal stance phase. In Conclusion, stability was decreased in between joints of lower limb on positive heel rocker than negative heel rocker. This study found that there were different joint angle, muscle activity, gait pattern and coordinate system of the lower limb in each kind of shoes. These unstability affected the lower extremity and the whole body. A further study has to be continued with study of rehabilitation and exercise for a long-term.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2006

The purpose of the current experiment was to describe interlimb coordination when swing limb conditions are being manipulated by constraining step length or by adding a 5 or 10 pound weight to the swing limb distally. Subjects were asked to begin walking with the right limb to land on the primary target (normal step length) that is 10 cm in diameter. However, if, during movement, the light was illuminated, then the subject had to step on one of the secondary targets (long and short step length). These three step length conditions were repeated while wearing a 5 pound ankle weight and then when wearing a 10 pound ankle weight. Ground reaction force (GRF) data indicated that there were changes in the forces and slopes of the swing and stance Fx GRFs. Long stepping subjects had to increase the propulsive force required to increase step length. Consequently, swing and stance toe-off greatly increased in the long step length condition. Short step length subjects had to adequately adjust step length, which decreased the speed of gait initiation. Loading the swing limb decreased the force and slope of the swing limb. Swing and stance toe-off was longest for the long step length condition, but there was a small difference of temporal events between no weight and weight condition. It appears that subjects modulated GRFs and temporal events differently to achieve the peak acceleration force of the swing and stance limb in response to different tasks. The findings from the current study provide preliminary data, which can be used to further investigate how we modulate forces during voluntary movement from a quiet stance. This information may be important if we are to use this or a similar task to evaluate gait patterns of the elderly and patient populations.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2017

Cityschumers experience the urban with the visual perception while walking an average speed of 4km per hour. At this time, recognition of the color field accounts for more than 70%. Therefore, in this paper the environmental color of urban street is examined by dividing the pedestrian visual field area. In the urban street, the area of the visual field area of the pedestrian is divided into Ground Plane, Roadside, Canopy and Building Wall. In addition, we observe and color survey the environmental color of Exhibition Road, which is the northern side space of South Kensington in London, which adopted the world's first shared space. The color of the visual filed area was dominated as YR, GY, Y, PB. The Ground Pland was dominated by the YR. The reason for this is that the color of the floor has changed due to the shadows of surrounding architecture and facilities. Roadside was dominated in various ways such as GY, BG, PB, B and P. Canopy was mainly composed of PB, GY, etc. It was found that the material color of the lower part of the architecture was reflected. The architecture wall was affected by the reflectance and absorption rate of the transparent material. The first image that comes to mind when thinking about the urban is the street where pedestrians walk, feel and enjoy themselves. Therefore, it is suggested that various policy frameworks for managing and managing urban planning professionals may be different from the perceptions of pedestrians active in mega cities.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 1999

This study conducted 4 different kinds of underwear materials, which were A (Cotton 100%), B (Wool 100%), C (Cotton/Wool, 50/50%) and D (Acrylic/Cotton, 50/50%) and were done in a climate chamber under cold ambient $10{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, $40{\pm}5%RH$ by 6 male subjects who were in good health. Physiological parameters such as rectal and local skin temperature(forehead, forearm, hand, trunk, thigh, leg, foot, back and chest), heart rate, body weight loss, clothing microclimate, blood lactic acid concentration, and wearing sensation were measured. Started with a 15-min rest period, 15-min of exercise 1 (the condition of 4.5 mile/hr walking speed equivalent to with 8.5 Kcal energy consumption on the treadmill) period, 15-min rest period, exercise 2 (after 3minutes warming-up at 3.0. 3.7, 4.5. 5.2. 6.0, 6.7 mile/hr) until exhaustion period, and final 15-min of recovery period were performed. The results were as follows: The lowest mean skin temperature was acrylic/cotton in order of wool > cotton/wool > cotton > acrylic/cotton (F=13. 79. p<0.00l). Most of all skin temperature by parts of body had turned out in sequence of temperature wool > cotton/wool > acrylic/cotton > cotton. Fore arm part showed highest temperature about $32.43^{\circ}C$ on wool and had a tendency approximately $1.8^{\circ}C$ higher than cotton which had the lowest temperature, and had the biggest difference among garments in terms of skin temperature. The back temperature within clothing showed about $2^{\circ}C$ higher than the chest temperature within clothing. but the back humidity within clothing showed about 4~12% higher than the chest humidity within clothing. Body weight loss by each garment was this sequence; cotton > acrylic/cotton > wool > cotton/wool.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2013

본 연구는 네 가지의 가방 휴대방법에 따라 세 가지 가방의 무게를 달리하여 보행의 변화를 분석하고자 시행하였다. 20명의 건강한 성인이 연구에 참여하였다. 첫 번째 조건은 한쪽 어깨에 가방을 메고 보행하였고, 두 번째 조건은 한쪽으로 가로질러 가방을 매고 걸었다. 세 번째 조건은 양쪽 어깨에 가방을 메고 걸었고, 네 번째 조건은 한쪽 손으로 가방을 들고 걸었다. 각 네 가지 조건에 모든 대상자가 참가하였고, 오른쪽 신발에 SmartStep의 깔창을 깔고 오른쪽 발목에는 압력제어장치를 묶었다. 모든 대상자는 각각 4가지 조건에서 2.5 kg, 5 kg, 7.5 kg의 무게를 지닌 가방을 휴대하여 10 m를 걸었다. 각 조건에서 2.5 kg, 5 kg, 7.5 kg의 가방의 무게에 따라 입각기 비율, 유각기 비율과 보행속도는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.528-535
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• 2000

Objective : To investigate objectively the postoperative improvement of gait disturbance in patients with cervical myelopathy through a gait analysis. Patients and Methods : Ten patients who underwent cervical decompression and fusion for cervical myelopathy caused by spondylosis, OPLL, or concomitant hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum were studied. Preoperatively, gait disturbance was present in all patients. The patients were evaluated by gait analysis using three dimensional motion analyzer to collect data of linear and kinematic parameters before surgery, 1 week and 3 months after surgery. Statistical analysis of the related pre-and post-operative data were performed. Results : In the linear parameters, average value of cadence, walking speed, stride length, step time, width and double support were increased postoperatively compare to preoperative value. In the kinematic parameters, average value of knee flexion during initial swing phase, plantar flexion of ankle and range of motion of hip joint were increased as well. These differences were statistically significant(p<0.05). Conclusion : This study suggests that gait analysis can be used as a method of quantitative analysis of postoperative gait improvement in patients with cervical myelopathy.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.237-256
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to verify whether Mediterranean diet, which proved to have a significant effect on preventing dementia for people aged 65 or older, could be well modified to be a Korean-style Mediterranean diet. This study was performed as a randomized-controlled trial for 6 weeks. Functional physical changes, cognitive scores, depression scores and dietary changes were all assessed. The walking speed (P<0.001) and the cognitive scores were statistically improved in only the experimental group (P<0.001), and the depression scores were also significantly improved in only the experimental group (P<0.01). The dietary intake showed a 30% improvement for consuming more than 7 cups per day of vegetables and fruits. When the participants were contacted four months after the end of the study, 90% of them said that the Korean-style Mediterranean diet was feasible and 100% said the nutrition interventions helped them maintain the diet during their daily lives. The results suggest that although the Mediterranean diet can be difficult to apply, any limitations of this healthy diet can be overcome.