Effect of Light-emitting Diodes on Photosynthesis and Growth of in vitro Propagation in Tea Tree (Camellia sinensis L.) (LED 광질이 차나무 기내배양묘의 생육 및 광합성에 미치는 영향)
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- Journal of agriculture & life science
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- v.53 no.6
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- pp.13-21
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- 2019
The influences of light generated by LEDs on shoot growth and photosynthesis of Tea plant(Camellia sinensis L.) were evaluated. The growth characteristics were investigated after 45 days of culture under four different light qualities: fluorescent lamp, red LED, blue LED, red+blue+white LED. Shoot growth was promoted by red light, especially root length and area were further promoted under the red+blue+white LED. Also, T/R ratio and Chlorophyll content were highest in red+blue+white. Fluor Cam was used to measure the fluorescence images of the plants, inhibition of photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm) were not changed in all treatment. However, non-photochemical quenching(NPQ) were found rapidly increasing in blue LED, these results were that blue LED were inhibit photosynthetic efficiency and must be considered for efficiently in vitro cultivation of the tea plant. The above results suggest that light qualities could be an important factor to foster in vitro growth of the species. Also, In order to produce healthy plants, it is effective to using light qualities of red+blue+white LED on in vitro culture of the tea plant. These results could be used to mass propagating shoot and produce of healthy seedling.
Obesity is a pro-inflammatory state that contributes to the development of metabolic disorders such as hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver, and cardiovascular disease. In this study, we evaluated the inhibition of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice by Peucedanum japonicum Thunberg L. water extract (PJT). Lipid accumulation measurement indicates that PJT markedly inhibited adipogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. RT-PCR results demonstrated that the mRNA expression of adipogenic transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα) in 3T3-L1 cells were significantly down-regulated by PJT treatment. Oral administration of PJT (100, 300, and 500 ㎎/㎏, b.w/daily for 4 weeks) was conducted in high-fat diet induced obese mice and C57BL/6 mice. The PJT-administered group of HFD-induced mice had a lower body weight gain, along with decreased serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol compared with the control mice, however, the HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio was increased. Furthermore, the elevated mRNA expression levels of adipogenesis related genes in the white adipose tissue of obese mice were significantly suppressed by PJT. These results indicate that PJT exhibits anti-obesity effects in obese mice by decreasing in serum lipid levels and lipogenesis related gene.
Thirty three members of the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons were surveyed to determine the clinical manifestations and current management of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS). The members completed a registration form and a questionnaire that indicated their treatment preferences for patients treated during 1996. The response rate was 84.8 %, and 23 institutions participated. Three hundred and sixty-three cases of IHPS were analysed. The male to female ratio was 5.15: 1. The presenting symptoms were nonbilious vomiting in 363 cases(100 %), palpable mass in the upper abdomen in 200 cases (55.1 %) and visible peristaltic waves in 67 cases(18.5 %). Fluid therapy was done in 161 cases(44.4 %) for preoperative preparation. Twenty patients(5.5 %) were premature. There were 27 low birth weight babies(7.7 %). The onset of symptoms ranged from 1 to 14 weeks of age with a peak occurrence at 2 to 4 weeks of age. Two hundred and thirty-six cases(66.6 %) presented within 4 weeks of age. There was one set of male twins and a family history of twins. The modes of feedings were: breast feeding; 69 cases(24.5 %), formula feeding; 176 cases(62.4 %) and mixed feeding; 37 cases(13.1 %). The preferred diagnostic modalities were ultrasonography (US) 229 cases(63.1 %), UGI series 27 cases(7.4%) and US and UGI series combined 86 cases(23.7 %). Only 21 cases(5.8 %) were operated on without imaging study, ie. with positive physical finding. Perforation of the mucosa during pyloromytomy occurred in 5 cases. All were treated successfully with primary closure. Persistent vomiting over 2 weeks after operation were reported in 5 cases. Three wound infections, one aspiration pneumonia and one postoperative bleeding were reported. There was no mortality in 363 cases.
A survey on the intestinal atresias was made among 34 members of Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons. The response rate was 82.4 %. Two hundred and fifteen patients from the January 1, 1994 to December 31, 1996 were analyzed. The lesions were 73 cases of duodenum(DA), 72 cases of jejunum(JA), 71 cases ileum(IA) and 2 cases cecum and sigmoid colon respectively. There were 2 cases of combined anomalies (DA + JA + IA and DA + JA). Male to female ratio was 1:1 in DA, and 1.8:1 in JA. Seventy four cases(34.3 %) were premature babies(DA 35.2 %, JA:48.6 %, IA:19.2 %), and 62 cases(28.7 %) had low birth weight (DA:39.4 %, JA 33.0 %, IA:13.7 %). Antenatal diagnosis was made in 92 cases(43.6 %). However 22 cases (23.9 %) of them were transferred to pediatric surgeon after delivery. Maternal polyhydramnios was observed in 63 cases(28.9 %). Seventy· five cases(34.4 %) were taken only simple abdominal film for diagnostic studies. The associated malformations were observed in 54 aresia and were observed more frequently in DA(35 cases, 47.9 %). Meconium peritonitis due to intrauterine bowel perforation was more frequently associated with IA compared to DA and JA. The overall mortality rate was 30 %. (Abbreuations:
The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70
The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70
This study was carried out to investigate the difference and genetic similarity at the level of molecular genetics. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood of Holstein, Korean cattle, Charolais, and hybrid between Korean cattle and charolais and RAPD(random amplified polymorphic DNAs) was analyzed by PCR(polymerase chain reaction). After genetic similarity value from different breeds are analyzed, genetic similarity was estimated by UPGMA(unweighted pair-group method using average). The results obtained from this study can be summarized as follows: 1. When genomic DNA which was extracted from different breeds was subjected to electrophoresis on 1.5% agarose gel, bigger than 12.2kb was appeared. Ratio by absorbance of
The return of water to the atmosphere from water, soil and vegetation surface is one of the most important aspects of hydrological cycle, and the seasonal trend of variation of river basin evaporation is also meaningful in the longterm runoff analysis for the irrigation and water resources planning. This paper has been prepared to show some imformation to estimate the monthly river basin evaporation from pan evaporation, potential evaporation, regional evaporation and temperature through the comparison with river basin evaporation derived from water budget method. The analysis has been carried out with the observation data of Yongdam station in the Geum river basin for five year. The results are summarized as follows and these would be applied to the estimation of river basin evaporation and longterm runoff in ungaged station. 1. The ratio of pan evaporation to river basin evaporation (
The purpose of the survey was to clarify the clinical features and management of the anorectal malformations (ARM) in Korea. Twenty-seven members of the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons were surveyed. The members completed a case registration form for each patient during the two years period of 1996-1997, and a questionnaire that contained their management preferences for primary and complicated patients. Twenty-four members of the 22 institutions registered 295 cases of the ARM, and 27 out of 34 members (77.1 %) responded to the questionnaire. The patients were classified by the Wingspread classification of ARM(1984). The case registration form was a modification of Wingspread workshop for the postoperative assessment and case registration. The male to female ratio was 1.7 : 1. The average number of patients per surgeon was 6.1 cases per year. Prematurity(< 36 weeks) was present in 1.9 % of cases and low birth weight (< 2.6 Kg) in 12.1 %. Among 187 male patients, 62 were high(H) type, 29 intermediate(l) type, 88 low(L), and 8 unclassified. In female, there were 2 cases of cloacal anomalies(C), 4 H type, 30 I type, 66 L type and 6 unclass ified. For male, 87.9 % of H and I type were operated by the Pena procedure, but only 7.9 % in L types. In female, all of C, H and I types, and 40.9 % of L type were done by the Pena procedure. One case expired (MR; 0.003%) as a result of surgical complication. Over-all complication rate was 12.5 %. Among 6 cases of reoperation, 4 were failed Pena procedures. Among 140 colostomies sigmoid colon was utilized in 75.7%, and loop colostomy was commonly used. Ten surgeons prefered primary maturation of the stoma. In conclusion, posterior sagittal anorectoplasty is popular for high types of ARM in this country, but considerable number of patients are still suffering from failed operations. For better understanding and analysis, necessity of prospective study by new classification was discussed.
The main objective of this research was to understand the characteristics of complementary color scheme through the analysis of contemporary women's fashion color coordination as they appear in the 'Collections'. Data collection of 115 was done through review of 'pr