• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.682-689
• /
• 2019

This study aims to spatialize the gap between obesity levels through the body mass index, an objective indicator of the level of health among vulnerable people. Thus, areas where the BMI showed cluster patterns with spatial high and low values were extracted and the characteristics of the region were analyzed. The analysis showed that the I statistics for the obesity rate were 0.07 and the z-score was 4.39, confirming spatial autocorrelation. For z-score, it was much larger than the maximum threshold of 2.57. This means that the rate of obesity among the socially vulnerable is regional, and this gap is spatially significant. The results of comparing and analyzing the local environment for these areas of obesity and health care were found to be areas with poor public transportation, less readily available parks, and a concentration of single and multi-generation housing. The analysis results of this study are meaningful in that they provide spatial implications for the health of the socially vulnerable class that previous studies have neglected.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.37-42
• /
• 2023

Purpose: Compared to cities, rural areas are in a medical blind spot and face difficulties in accessing medical services due to inconvenient transportation facilities, lack of medical facilities, and the heavy burden of medical expenses. This study was carried out to identify the problems relating to the musculoskeletal system of the elderly in rural and fishing villages, which are medically vulnerable areas, and sought to present a regionally differentiated healthcare model. Methods: The study was conducted in 80 elderly people in two rural villages and two fishing villages after seeking inputs regarding medically vulnerable groups in the Gyeongnam Province. Postural balance and muscle flexibility were assessed and postural evaluation was conducted to identify musculoskeletal problems and gait stability. Strength and range of motion for each body segment were assessed for evaluating functional motion. Results: The elderly in both rural areas showed forward head posture characteristics. The strength level of the elderly in both rural areas was higher than the average, but their flexibility and balance ability were lower than the average. Conclusion: The musculoskeletal problems of the elderly in rural and fishing villages in this study did not show regional characteristics according to the area of residence. However, overall flexibility and balance ability appeared to be reduced. Therefore, a new management model connecting the region and the university is necessary in preparation for the coming era of community care.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.1208-1214
• /
• 2009

Sensor networks are vulnerable to data congestion and hot-spot compared with wireless networks. Mobile sink supporting route protocol has such problems as hot-spot and data congestion because agent of cluster node transmits all data packet. Therefore, mobile sink supporting route protocol needs to reduce the number of packets and keep the packets from concentrating on a single node. To solve these problems, we propose mobile sink supporting routing Protocol using agent of cluster node. Cutting down on the number of packets compared with the existing mobile sink supporting routing Protocol, our proposed protocol has reduced both communication overhead and energy consumption.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.397-408
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze water cycle area ratio and spatial evaluation of water cycle in urban area of Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do. Water cycle area ratio are analyzed by using spatial data of land-cover and land-use, and Hot spot analysis of GIS program was used for spatial evaluation of water cycle. The results are as below. Firstly, the high water cycle area ratio areas were forests, parks, and rivers, but urban areas covered asphalt and concrete were low under 40%. Public institutions and co-residential of urban areas were higher than others because of high area ratio of pervious land-cover. Spatial evaluation of water cycle was analyzed to vulnerable areas there are dense residential and commercial area. These areas are really occurring frequently flooding and immersion, therefore, is required water management facilities and improvement of land-cover from impervious to pervious. In the future, it will require additionally analysis of water cycle area ratio supplemented data of water management facility and ground water.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.304-312
• /
• 2022

Boxwood is a representative ornamental shrub that is widely used in landscaping horticulture. After pruning, damaged leaves or stems of boxwoods are unavoidably vulnerable to infection by various plant pathogens. Several boxwood diseases caused by fungi, such as Volutella blight and Macrophoma leaf spot, have been reported worldwide including Republic of Korea. In this study, we isolated and identified fungal pathogens of boxwood diseases that occurred in Korea and characterized their morphological and taxonomic characteristics. Boxwood samples showing blight symptoms were collected in Seoul, Republic of Korea, and the putative fungal pathogens Pseudonectria buxi, P. foliicola, and Neofusicoccum buxi were successfully identified. Investigation of the morphological features of the field isolates, including mycelial growth and conidial morphology, and phylogenetic analysis of multiple DNA barcode loci revealed that there were some morphological and genetic variations among isolates, but all of the analyzed isolates were closely related to the corresponding reference strains. We also found that P. foliicola strains were more virulent than P. buxi, and the N. buxi strains isolated in this study were weak pathogens or saprophytes. The results of our study will contribute to the development of control strategies for boxwood diseases caused by fungi and accelerate research on the complex ecology of boxwood diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.115-127
• /
• 2018

This study aims to propose management strategies of ventilation paths for improving urban thermal environments. For this purpose, Gimhae-si in Gyeongsangnamdo was selected as a study area. We analyzed hot spots and cool spots in Gimhae by using Landsat 8 satellite image data and spatial statistical analysis, and finally derived the vulnerable areas to thermal environment. In addition, the characteristics of ventilation paths including wind direction and wind speed were analyzed by using data of the wind resource map provided by Korea Meteorological Administration. As a result, it was found that a lot of hot spots were similar to those with weak wind such as Jinyoung-eup, Jillye-myeon, Juchon-myeon and the downtown area. Based on the analysis, management strategies of ventilation paths in Gimhye were presented as follows. Jinyoung-eup and Jillye-myeon with hot spot areas and week wind areas have a strong possibility that hot spot areas will be extended and strengthened, because industrial areas are being built. Hence, climate-friendly urban and architectural plans considering ventilation paths is required in these areas. In Juchon-myeon, where industrial complexes and agricultural complexes are located, climate-friendly plans are also required because high-rise apartment complexes and an urban development zone are planned, which may induce worse thermal environment in the future. It is expected that a planning of securing and enlarging ventilation paths will be established for climate-friendly urban management. and further the results will be utilized in urban renewal and environmental planning as well as urban basic plans. In addition, we expect that the results can be applied as basic data for climate change adaptation plan and the evaluation system for climate-friendly urban development of Gimhye.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.383-390
• /
• 2006

The SharkHartmann wavefront sensors are the most popular devices to measure wavefront in the field of adaptive optics. The Shack-Hartmann sensors measure the centroids of spot irradiance distribution formed by each corresponding micro-lens. The centroids are linearly proportional to the local mean slopes of the wavefront defined within the corresponding sub-aperture. The wavefront is then reconstructed from the evaluated local mean slopes. The uncertainty of the Shack-Hartmann sensor is caused by various factors including the detector noise, the limited size of the detector, the magnitude and profile of spot irradiance distribution, etc. This paper investigates the noise propagation in two major centroid evaluation algorithms through computer simulation; 1st order moments of the irradiance algorithms i.e. center of gravity algorithm, and correlation algorithm. First, the center of gravity algorithm is shown to have relatively large dependence on the magnitudes of noises and the shape & size of irradiance sidelobes, whose effects are also shown to be minimized by optimal thresholding. Second, the correlation algorithm is shown to be robust over those effects, while its measurement accuracy is vulnerable to the size variation of the reference spot. The investigation is finally confirmed by experimental measurements of defocus wavefront aberrations using a Shack-Hartmann sensor using those two algorithms.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.29-40
• /
• 2021

Risk factors that threaten public safety such as crime, fire, and traffic accidents have spatial characteristics. Since each region has different dangerous environments, it is necessary to analyze the spatial pattern of risk factors for each sector such as traffic accident, fire, crime, and living safety. The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of local safety level index, which act as an index that rates the safety level of each sector (traffic accident, fire, crime, living safety, suicide, and infectious disease) for basic local governments across the nation. The following analysis tools were used to analyze the spatial autocorrelation of local safety level index : Global Moran's I, Local Moran's I, and Getis-Ord's G⁎i. The result of the analysis shows that the distribution of safety level on traffic accidents, fire, and suicide tends to be more clustered spatially compared to the safety level on crime, living safety, and infectious disease. As a result of analyzing significant spatial correlations between different regions, it was found that the Seoul metropolitan areas are relatively safe compared to other cities based on the integrated index of local safety. In addition, hot spot analysis using statistical values from Getis-Ord's G⁎i derived three hot spots(Samchuck, Cheongsong-gun, and Gimje) in which safety-vulnerable areas are clustered and 15 cold spots which are clusters of areas with high safety levels. These research findings can be used as basic data when the government is making policies to improve the safety level by identifying the spatial distribution and the spatial pattern in areas with vulnerable safety levels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.91-100
• /
• 2011

Fire stations should be located in optimal location to act quickly in case of emergency and minimize damages as a public facility that protects life and property of local residents. Siting fire stations without regard for the accessibility and occurrence factors of an accident may provide fire service unequally. Therefore service analysis is necessary to reduce the blind spot of disaster and safety and to offer equal fire-service at this time. Especially fire stations can service more efficiently than before by reducing a more likely vulnerable area. This study suggests methods of mapping index of value that represents vulnerability of the occurrence of an accident and extracting service zone map of fire stations, as an initial research for offering efficient fire service. Geographical distribution mismatch between service zone map and vulnerability map is figured out and vulnerable area for fire service is defined by using map overlay method.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.73-81
• /
• 2009

Objectives : This study presents a scientific basis for the establishment of an environmental health contingency plan for dealing with accidental coastal oil spills and suggests some strategies for use in an environmental health emergency. Methods : We reviewed the existing literature, and analyzed the various fundamental factors involved in response strategies for oil spill. Our analysis included data derived from Hebei Spirit oil spill and used air dispersion modeling. Results : Spill amounts of more than 1,000 kl can affect the health of residents along the coast, especially those who belong to vulnerable groups. Almost 30% of South Korean population lives in the vicinity of the coast. The area that is at the highest risk for a spill and that has the greatest number of people at risk is the stretch of coastline from Busan to Tongyeong. The most prevalent types of oil spilt in Korean waters have been crude oil and bunker-C oil, both of which have relatively high specific gravity and contain volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and metals. In the case of a spill of more than 1,000 kl, it may be necessary to evacuate vulnerable and sensitive groups. Conclusions : The government should establish environmental health planning that considers the spill amount, the types of oil, and the distance between the spot of the accident and the coast, and should assemble a response team that includes environmental health specialists to prepare for the future oil spill.