• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.147-158
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• 2020

The aims of this study were to examine the grounds for the appropriateness of board games in daycare centers and kindergartens based on the child-centered, play-centerd activities of revised Nuri-curriculum and provide basic resources by the case studies of board game activities in each area of the Nuri-curriculum. For these aims, it suggested the rationale of board game use in early childhood education field: first, the value as an activity with concrete objects based on developmentally appropriate practice (DAP), second, children's voluntary participation and immersion due to the competition and rewards in gamification, third, integrated experience across all areas of the Nuri-curriculum. Also, it provided various samples of the integrated board game activities for children, and reviewed the precaution, pros and cons that emerged during the play. This study discussed the possibility and direction of board game activities in early childhood education and provided implications for organizing board game activities in the education field and developing new board game contents.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.198-208
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• 2000

Objectives：This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the attachment promotion program which was designed to promote attachment between autistic children and their mothers. The program was consisted of play activity centered mother-child interaction, educational activity for mothers by lecture, video-feedback session, and emotional supports. Methods：The subjects were consisted of 11 pairs of mother and child(7 for participant group：PG, 4 for non-participant group：NPG), who were 2-4 years-old autistic children. The data were collected by video-taping, behavioral observations, and analyzed by Wilcoxon Rank(Sign) Sum Test and Content Analysis. Results：The total attachment score increased from pre test to post-test of PG was significantly higher than that of NPG. The scores of attachment behaviors indicating proximity, mutuality and affect increased significantly(p<.05), while some behaviors indicating synchrony and jointattention did not. Especially the affectionate behaviors of PG demonstrated the most notable changes and they became more active, voluntary and reciprocal. After the program, the mother's nurturing behaviors of PG increased more than that of NPG, with no significant difference between two groups. The mother's behaviors to her child of PG became more child-centered, positively responsive, supportively expressive. As the attachment was promoted, there were also positive changes in the children's autistic behaviors with a great deal of individual differences. Conclusion：Our findings suggest that Mother-Child Attachment Promotion Program could be an effective early intervention model for autistic children.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to prove the effectiveness of the open medial (glenoid-based) anterior-inferior capsular shift in patients with multidirectional shoulder instability. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 19 patients treated by medial anterior-inferior capsular shift for multidirectional shoulder instability from March, 1998 to December, 2003. 15 patients of them have experienced recurrent dislocation. 8 patients(42%) showed bilateral laxity and 11 patients(58%) generalized ligamentous laxity, and 2 patients(10.5%) voluntary subluxation. An average follow-up was 24 months (range : $9{\sim}32$ months). Results: Pain improved in 18 patients of all. There was an average loss of 10 degree of external rotation, but no limitation of activity of daily living. There was no redislocation and subluxation, but two patients had some apprehension in sports activity. With Rowe score, the result was excellent or good in all patients. There were hematoma and local skin problem in 1 patient, but all had healed up. Conclusion: Medial anterior-inferior capsular shift in multidirectional shoulder instability provided satisfactory results in pain relief, patient's satisfactions and stability of glenohumeral joint. Though some of them have anterior gleniod deformities and large Hill-Sachs lesions, we could get good stabilities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.111-119
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• 2016

This study aimed to analyze postures that were frequently conducted in manufacturing industry. To find grip strength and muscle activities of each posture, Maximum Voluntary Contraction (MVC) and ElectroMyoGraphy (EMG) were measured. Based on the results of this study, the most appropriate posture could be suggested and used as a basic information for preventing musculoskeletal disorders. Most work-related musculoskeletal disorders have been occurred in the fields of manufacturing industry. According to previous studies, it was reported that the rate of musculoskeletal diseases of upper extremity was higher than that of other body parts. Accordingly, there were many studies about discomfort and grip strength of upper extremity. However, these studies dealt with single selection of wrist, elbow and shoulder. So, it was insufficient for comprehensive studies about upper extremity. And in order to improve the work posture, the physiological changes being generated by the combination of wrist, elbow and shoulder postures should be observed and analyzed. In order to conduct this study, thirty university students who had no records of MSDs involved were recruited. Independent variables were postures of wrist(pronation, neutral, supination), postures of elbow(flexion $45^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$) and postures of shoulder(flexion $0^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$). And dependent variables were MVC values and EMG values. Jamar dynamometer and TeleMyo 2400T G2 was used to measure MVC and EMG. MVC and EMG for 12 postures were measured for three second and for three times. Experiment was performed randomly. A 10 minutes rest period was provided after each t. To measure muscle load, the EMG signals of eight muscles (Biceps, Medial triceps, Lateral triceps, Brachioradialis, Extensor carpi ulnaris, Extensor carpi radialis, Flexor carpi ulnaris and Flexor carpi radialis) were evaluated. MVC values and EMG values were analyzed using Minitab ver. 14. The results showed that MVC value was the highest at shoulder $0^{\circ}$, elbow $45^{\circ}$ and wrist supination. In case of wrist postures, MVC of supination is the highest. In case of elbow and shoulder postures, MVC of flexion $45^{\circ}$ and $0^{\circ}$ was the highest. It was found that there were interaction between wrist and elbow posture under shoulder flexion and between shoulder and wrist under elbow flexion $45^{\circ}$. In case of the angle of shoulder $0^{\circ}$, elbow $45^{\circ}$ and wrist supination, the EMG values of four muscles(Medial Triceps, Extensor carpi ulnaris, Extensor carpi radialis, Flexor carpi ulnaris) were the highest. Based on this study, it is worth to note that the combination postures of upper extremity have a large impact on the MVC and EMG. The optimal condition upper extremity was shoulder flexion $0^{\circ}$, elbow flexion $45^{\circ}$ and wrist supination for preventing work-related musculoskeletal disease.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

To develop effective training methods for strengthening a weakened quadriceps femoris muscle in hemiplegic patients, we examined the effects of maximal isometric contraction of the nonparalyzed knee joint on the electromyographic activities of the paralytic muscle. An electromyogram (EMG) was used to record the electromyographic activities of the paralytic quadriceps femoris muscle in 27 hemiplegic patients. The maximal isometric contraction was measured for each subject to normalize the electromyographic activities. The maximal isometric extension and flexion exercises were randomly conducted when the knee joint angles of the nonparalyzed knees were $0^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, and $90^{\circ}$. The patients were encouraged to maintain maximal isometric contractions in both knee joints during each measurement, and three measurements were taken. A one-minute rest interval was given between each measurement to minimize the effects of muscle fatigue. An average from the three values was taken as being the root mean square of the EMG and was recorded as being the maximal isometric contraction. The electromyographic activity obtained for each measurement was expressed as a percentage of the reference voluntary contraction, which was determined using the values obtained during the maximal isometric contraction. The results of this study are summarized as follows: First, when the knee joint angle of the nonparalyzed knee was $0^{\circ}$, the electromyographic activities of the paralytic medial aspect of rectus femoris were related to measurement by a maximal isometric flexion exercise than by an extension exercise (p<.05). Second, when the knee joint angle of the nonparalyzed knee was $90^{\circ}$, the electromyographic activities of the paralytic lateral aspect of rectus femoris were related to measurement by a maximal isometric flexion exercise than by an extension exercise (p<.05). The results show that myoelectrical activities of paralytic quardriceps were not related to measurement angles and exercise directions of the nonparalized knee joint. Studies on various indirect intervention to improve muscular strength of patients with nervous system disorders of the weakened muscle should be constantly conducted.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.9-15
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine contraction of abdominal muscles on surface electromyographic (EMG) activity of superficial cervical flexors, rib cage elevation and angle of craniocervical flexion during deep cervical flexion exercise in supine position. Fifteen healthy subjects were participated for this study. All subjects performed deer cervical flexion exercise with two methods. The positions of two methods were no volitional contraction of abdominal muscles in hook-lying position with 45 degree hip flexion (method 1) and 90 degrees hip and knee flexion with feet off floor for inducing abdominal muscle contraction (method 2). Surface EMG activities were recorded from five muscles (sternocleidmastoid, anterior scaleneus, recuts abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique). And distance of rib cage elevation and angle of craniocervical flexion were measured using a three dimensional motion analysis system. The EMG activity of each muscle was normalized to the value of reference voluntary contraction (%RVC). The EMG activities, distance of rib cage elevation. and angle of craniocervical were compared using a paired t-test between two methods. The results showed that the EMG activities of sternocleidmastoid and anterior scaleneus during deep cervical flexion exercise in method 2 were significantly decreased compared to method 1 (p<.05). Distance of rib cage elevation and angle of craniocervical flexion were significantly decreased in method 2 (p<.05). The findings of this study indicated that deep cervical flexion exercise with contraction of abdominal muscles could be an effective method to prevent substitute motion for rib cage elevation and contraction of superficial neck flexor muscles.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.155-186
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• 2017

The purpose of the study is to analyze the operational case of gap year which can explore about guidance in some times before college entrance or during college life in the universities of main nations(England, American, and Japan) and draw from some implications for possibility of it's introduction in Korean university. It means that before students enter the college after finishing high school, they have various guidance activity and voluntary service activity for experiencing self-understanding out of regular curriculum. The study analyzed four universities in America, two universities in England, and one university in Japan. The main results indicate that the gap year can divide into system and university assisting finance. Based on the results and their implications of gap year case analysis in universities of England, America, and Japan, the study suggests that it needs to consolidate the related system of university and assist some finances, and systematic steps such as career exploration, career decision-making, career plan, and career preparation should be constructed.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 2005

As people prefer to use right or left hand, some have preferred chewing side while others do not. Totally, 82 volunteers composed of students and staffs from Dental Hospital College of Dentistry Yonsei University participated in this study for the investigation of influence of preferred chewing habit, that has lasted for more than a year, on electromyographic(EMG) activity of masticatory muscles and bite force. Among the 82 volunteers, 46 had preferred chewing habit while the other 36 did not. Prior to the investigation, those with factors that could affect the study, such as, general disease, irregular dentition and malocclusion, were screened and excluded by questionnaire and clinical examination. The results were as follows: 1. There was no significant difference in EMG activities between chewing side and non-chewing side of preferred chewing subjects at rest as well as maximal voluntary contraction(MCV)(p>0.05). 2. Asymmetrical coefficient of temporal and masseter muscle EMG activities between preferred chewing subjects and non-preferred chewing subjects at rest was not significantly different(p>0.05). 3. Asymmetrical coefficient of masseter EMG activity was significantly higher(p<0.05) than that of non-preferred chewing subjects at MCV, whereas that of anterior temporal muscle showed no difference(p<0.05). 4. In preferred chewing subjects, there was no significant difference in average bite force and occlusal contact area between chewing side and non-chewing side(p>0.05). 5. There was no significant difference in Asymmetrical coefficients of average bite force and occlusal contact area between preferred chewing subjects and non-preferred chewing subjects (p>0.05). Consequently, preferred chewing habit can be considered as physiological asymmetry with normal function rather than to have influence on EMG muscle activity of masticatory muscles, average bite force and occlusal contact area. Objective standardization to differentiate preferred chewing subjects and non-preferred chewing subjects should be established in the further study.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.37-51
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• 2018

Recently, urban parks are required to actively participate with residents in order to strengthen social functions and maintain sustainable management. This study analyzed the formation process of volunteer resident groups (Chamsamo) in the neighborhood parks in which local residents can participate in an ongoing basis based on the solidarity of a daily living space. The important factors in the activation of resident activity are derived from 5 aspects including resources, local area, resident group capacity, resident group role, and public support. The results of the study are as follows. 1) Life-friendly resources: It was important to find life-friendly resources such as 'Chamsaem' in the park. The combined resources of continuous human activities provided various benefits to the residents. This has led to stronger attachment and community activities to continue to utilize attractive resources in the park. 2) Sharing Common Daily Spaces and Expansion: As the Chamsamo activities were centered around the neighborhood, the network of activists in the local community expanded. This led to continued resident interest and favorable participation as well as to the regional expansion of Chamsamo activities. 3) Park management as part of everyday life: Park management became a part of everyday life, and pleasant park management was facilitated by utilizing the talents of the residents, who carried out diverse activities and constantly streamlined their hard labor. 4) Chamsamo's Leadership Linking Residents and the Public Sector through Leading Park Management Activities: Chamsamo served as a middle leader in linking the public sector and its users. 5) Role and Support of the Public Sector: In order to be able to sustain the activities of residents, the government's willingness to support the resident-led activities of the park in planning and operating the public sector was required. In the public management system of the park, support for residents' activities such as financing, education, and consulting was necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.1212-1217
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• 2004

The aim of this study was to investigate Quality characteristics of Pleurospermum kamtschaticum to increase the value of functional food resources. To examine Quality characteristics of Pleurospermum kamtschaticum, various factors such as color, texture, fiber, minerals, tannin, crude proteins, crude lipids and sensory quality, were determined using physicochemical methods. The contents of dietary fiber were 0.57％ and 0.54％ in each 100 g of leaf and stem parts (freeze drying base). In mineral content, potassium was the highest value in both of leaf and stem parts (freeze drying base). The contents of tannin were 108.1 $\mu$g/mL and 20.9 $\mu$g/mL in leaf and stem parts (fresh base) respectively. Blanching stems showed significant difference in hardness from freeze-drying leaves. The antioxidative activity in ethanol extracts of Pleurospermum kamtschaticum was investigated using peroxide value and free radical scavenging activity. Free radical scavenging activity in ethanol extracts of Pleurospermum kamtschaticum was 43.5％ in a 100 $\mu$g/mL level, and the antioxidative index was 1.09 in a 500 $\mu$g/mL level. For functional food using Pleurospermum kamtschaticum the contents of crude proteins and lipids were about 9％ and 26％, respectively. The results from sensory evaluation of each treatment older age showed a better acceptability.