• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제46권3호
• /
• pp.239-246
• /
• 2023

In this study, we assessed the effect of reduction of tumor volume in the head and neck cancer by using RANDO phantom in Static Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (S-IMRT) and Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) planning. RANDO phantom's body and protruding volumes were delineated by using Contour menu of Eclipse™ (Varian Medical System, Inc., Version 15.6, USA) treatment planning system. Inner margins of 2 mm to 10 mm from protruding volumes of the reference were applied to generate the parameters of reduced volume. In addition, target volume and Organ at Risk (OAR) volumes were delineated. S-IMRT plan and VMAT plan were designed in reference. These plans were assigned in the reduced volumes and dose was calculated in reduced volumes using preset Monitor unit (MU). Dose Volume Histogram (DVH) was generated to evaluate treatment planning. Conformity Index (CI) and R² in reference S-IMRT were 0.983 and 0.015, respectively. There was no significant relationship between CI and the reduced volume. Homogeneity Index (HI) and R² were 0.092 and 0.960, respectively. The HI increased when volume reduced. In reference VMAT, CI and R² were 0.992 and 0.259, respectively. There was no relationship between the volume reduction and CI. On the other hand, HI and R² were 0.078 and 0.895, respectively. The value of HI increased when the volume reduced. There was significant difference (p<0.05) between parameters (D_mean and D_max) of normal organs of S-IMRT and VMAT except brain stem. Volume reduction affected the CI, HI and OAR dose. In the future, additional studies are necessary to incorporate the reduction of the volume in the clinical setting.

• 한국비블리아학회지
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.55-75
• /
• 2023

본 연구에서는 충청북도 지역에 공동보존관 설립을 제안하고 있으며, 충청북도 각 도서관의 이용률이 저조한 자료를 공동보존자료관으로 이관 후 기존 공간의 효율성을 확보하고, 학교도서관의 교육과정의 적극적 지원을 도모하기 위하여 공동보존자료관 구축 타당성과 운영방법 등을 연구하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 문헌분석 방법과 현황조사, 그리고 실태조사 방법을 진행했다. 연구결과, 보존서고 공간 적정 수용 장서량 기준이 m²당 280권을 적용·산정했다. 즉, 공공도서관 초기 이관 장서는 45,580권, 학교도서관 이관 장서는 121,894권으로 산정하여 총 167,474권을 제안했다. 충청북도교육청 소속 공공도서관 및 학교도서관의 포화도에 따라 초기 장서량은 총 167,477권이며 매년 10% 증서를 기준으로 개관 이후 30년, 50년까지 측정한 것이다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.61-65
• /
• 2008

목 적: 전립선암 환자의 방사선 치료 시 전립선의 위치 변화 및 비뇨기계 부작용을 줄이기 위해 방광의 체적을 일정하게 유지하도록 한 후 초음파를 이용하여 방광의 체적 변화를 측정 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2002년 12월부터 2007년 8월 까지 이대 목동병원에서 전립선 암으로 진단받고 근치적 목적의 방사선 치료를 받은 환자 26명을 대상으로 하였다. 13명의 실험군 환자는 방광의 체적을 일정하게 유지하기 위하여 모의조사, CT 스캔, 및 치료 1시간 전에 450 cc의 물을 마시도록 하였다. 나머지 13명의 대조군 환자에 대해서는 특별한 지시를 하지 않았다. 각 환자의 CT영상에서 방광의 체적을 측정하였다. 3차원 입체 조형 치료 계획이 설계되었고 처방선량 70.2 Gy 조사할 경우 방광과 직장의 유효체적을 계산 하였다. 실험군에 속해 있는 환자에 대해 방사선 치료 전 방광의 체적을 초음파를 이용하여 6-8주 간 매주 측정하였고 방광의 체적 변화를 분석하였다. 결과: CT상에서 측정 한 방광의 평균 체적 및 표준 오차는 실험군의 경우 $283.5{\pm}114.0\;cc$ (40%) 이고 대조군의 경우 $181.2{\pm}120.1\;cc$ (66%) 이다. 실험군의 경우 CT 상의 방광 체적과 CT scan 전에 획득한 초음파 영상상의 방광 체적은 통계적으로 유의하지 않으나 상관관계가 있는 것으로 보이고 초음파를 이용하여 측정한 방광의 체적은 CT상에서의 체적의 평균 62% 이다. 실험군에 있어서 초음파 시스템을 이용하여 주간 측정한 방광의 체적의 변화는 상당히 컸으며 최소 33%에서 최대 75%까지 변화 하였다. 결론: CT 스캔 전에 일정한 양의 물을 마시도록 지시한 실험군의 환자들의 경우 대조군대비 평균 방광의 체적을 크게 유지할 수 있었다. 그러나 일정한 양의 물을 마시도록 지시하더라도 6-8주간의 치료 기간 중에 방광의 체적을 일정히 유지 하는데는 어려움이 있었다.

• 수산경영론집
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.75-96
• /
• 2009

The objective of this research was to estimate the size of consumption market for inland water fishes. Volumes and expenditures of a total of sixteen fishes consumed in 2007 were estimated based on a module developed. Data were collected through sample surveys of 3,081 households and 291 restaurants dealing with inland water fishes. On the basis of the results, people consumed an estimated 39.5 thousand ton as a whole on inland water fishes. An average person consumed 5.961 times and 1.136kg per year. An annual expenditure of 1,609.7 billion won was estimated. The total was divided 1,450.1 billion won on fishes(90%) and 1,595 billion won on shellfishes(10%). A typical consumer spent 41,668 won on fishes and 4,584 won on shellfishes, averaging about 46,300 won overall. Water eel was top in volumes and expenditure, while mudfish in consumption frequency.

• 대한교통학회지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.77-97
• /
• 1990

Compared to modal split, the methods of forecasting traffic volumes diverted in various types of I.C.s have not been sufficiently studied. The purpose of this study is to derive a new diversion function that can represent the directional traffic volume in accordance with various geometrics of I.C.s. In general, knowing various traffic impedances and the amount of traffic production and attraction, one can estimate proper traffic volumes associated with directions by using a well-defined diversion function. This function is usually made by a series of process such as surveying directional traffic volumes on several I.C.s, analyzing with a regression method and verifying those results by statistical approaches. The function has been developed by rigorous statistical testings, mainly a regression analysis. This paper presents an effective method in planning and designing new roads, I.C.s and route choice of subway. Finally, some comparisons and improvements and suggested when one uses different types of relevant models and functions.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.828-831
• /
• 2005

In feature-based multi-resolution modeling, the features are rearranged according to a criterion for the levels of detail (LOD) of multi-resolution models. In this paper, two different LOD criteria are investigated and discussed. The one is the volumes of subtractive features, together with the precedence of additive features over subtractive features. The other is the volumes of features, regardless of whether the feature types are subtractive or additive. In addition, the algorithms to define and extract the LOD models based on the criteria are also described. The criterion of the volumes of features can be used for a wide range of applications in CAD and CAE in virtue of its generality.

• 농촌계획
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2003

The objectives of the study are to improve techniques for social impact assessment and to suggest their measuring methods to apply in small scale rural development projects. Population, residence, industries, and traffic volumes were selected to measure the social and economic impact assessment of Seongeup agricultural water development project in Jeju Province. Existing data gathering methods were used to estimate the changes of population and traffic volumes. Interview schedule for villagers was applied to estimate the residents' satisfaction to living environments. Interview schedule for experts was applied to estimate agricultural productivity and land price. The results of social and economic impact assessment show that there will be considerable changes in living environments, agricultural productivity, and land price. On the contrary, the project will make little impacts on the changes of population, em-ployment, and traffic volumes.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.342-349
• /
• 2000

A soil whose texture is silt loam was collected for the study from an area around a nuclear facility in Korea. The equilibrium sorption coefficient between Co$^{2+}$in water and the soil was 1.51/kg, on the other hand, that between Co$^{2+}$ in EDTA and the soil was 0.21/kg. The values calculated by the developed nonequilibrium sorption code corresponded to the experimental values better than those calculated by the existing equilibrium sorption code. When an EDTA solution was used as a solvent to decontaminate Co$^{2+}$ in the soil column, the relative Co$^{2+}$ concentrations of the effluent were higher at 2~10 pore volumes than those of the case using water. The soil in the column was decontaminated by 95.5% of the total amount of Co$^{2+}$ after being flushed with EDTA solution of 20 pore volumes.e volumes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.497-501
• /
• 2005

This study deals with the removal of mercury species using a packed-bed column with spherical aminated chitosan material. These adsorbents revealed a high adsorption capacity for mercury species. Experiments with feed solutions of 10 ppm Hg dissolved in distilled water showed an excellent removal with a sharp increase of the filter effluent concentration after a total throughput of 900 bed volumes of feed water. Up to $95\%$ desorption was reached by using 3 bed volumes of 0.01 N EDTA solution. EDTA could be recovered by means of sulfuric acid with about $75\%$ efficiency. Almost the same results were obtained in repeated sorption and desorption experiments at identical conditions. The experiments demonstrated that the sorbents possessed practically no sorption capacity for alkaline earth ions ($Ca^{2+}\;and\;Mg^{2+}$). Their influence on the sorption of mercury was negligible. In experiments with spiked tap water of the Karlsruhe Research Centre and a feed mercury concentration of 0.01 mg/l, the breakthrough of Hg was observed only after a total throughput of about 6,000 bed volumes of feed water.

• 한국의사학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.25-42
• /
• 2002

Wang Bing reorganized "The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon Essential Questions" by adding 7 more volumes to the original 9 volumes and made it 24 volumes. And also rearranged the order in "preservation of health", "yinyang and five phases", "visceral manifestation", "treatment", "pulsation", "the channels", "diseases", "acupuncture ", "movement of the qi", "medical virtue", "wanton theory" etc. Though this, Wang Bing hoped the "The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon Essential Questions" to be reborn into a systematic and methodical medical book. Taoism, which is one of the characteristics of Wang Bing's medical conception, is revealed in both the contents of the book and the rearrangement of the book's order. Another feature is that he explains most of the diseases by the channel theory. His insists the script be interpretated in a new way that fits the situation and not to be bound to the words it self. And this also shows one of his conception of medicine.