• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.64-68
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• 2004

Cell-separating enzyme (Sumyzyme MC) was used to investigate enzymatic maceration of strawberry, sweet persimmon, kiwi, onion, garlic, and cucumber, Maceration rate, volume, brix, color, particle size distribution, and viscosity were determined, and microscopic observation made on suspensions containing single cells. Sweet persimmon and strawberry showed over 90% meceration rates, and kiwi showed 80%. Color, storage test, and sensory evaluations of single-cell suspensions and their filtrates were performed before and after sterilization. Total dietary fiber contents of raw material and single-cell suspension of garlic were 30.77 and 18.55%, respectively, Results indicate fruit and vegetable suspensions produced through enzymatic disintegration using cell-separating enzyme can be utilized as basic materials in the manufacture of single-cell foods.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.389-394
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• 1998

Cyclosporine (CsA) is a major immunosuppressive drug used widely to prevent organ allograft rejection. fits potential organotoxicity by prolonged use is known to cause both direct tissue damage and indirect pharmacokinetic interactions with other drugs. This study was performed to determine the effect of nicardipine (NCP) on the pharmacokinetic parameters of CsA in Sprague-Dawley rats. Each rat was administered with CsA in saline-treated group or in NCP-treated group which was pretreated with NCP (5 mg/kg/12 hours, i.p.) for 6 days. The plasma CsA concentration were analyzed by reversed HPLC: UV system at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after bolus injection of CsA (10 mg/kg). Pharmacokinetic parameters (mean$\pm$ SD, n=7) such as initial plasma concentration (C(0)), mean residence time (MRT), steady-state volume of distribution (Vdss), terminal half-life (t$\frac{1}{2}$($\beta$)) and plasma clearance (CLp) of CsA in each groups (saline-group vs NCP-group) were determined as follows: C(0) (5.66$\pm$ 1.98 vs 17.98$\pm$2.36, p<0.01); Vdss (2.68$\pm$ 1.6 vs 0.94 $\pm$ 0.25, p<0.01); CLp (0.53 $\pm$0.18 vs 0.21 $\pm$0.06, p<0.01). Therefore, Our results indicate that nicardipine significantly affects the pharmacokinetic parameters of cyclosporme, especially C(0), Vdss, and CLp in NCP-treated group. We suggest that the significant pharmacokinetic interaction between cyclosporine and nicardipine should be considered and cyclosporine level should be closely monitored and dosage reduction made as necessary in clinical situation that was coadministered with CsA and NCP.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2000

We studied the exchange anisotropy of Ni-Fe/Co-Fe/Mn-Ir/Cu/buffer/Si multilayers using D.C magnetron sputtering technique. Generally, Ni-Fe/Mn-Ir/buffer(Cu)/Si multilayers cannot pin the ferromagnetic layer for the lower exchange biased field. We got $H_{ex}$ ex/ increased by two times, after using Cu/Ta as buffer layer to get larger grain size of Mn-Ir layer and inserting very thin Co-Fe layer between the Ni-Fe layer and the Mn-Ir layer to get improved grain-to-grain epitaxy relation at the interface between Ni-Fe layer and Mn-Ir layer. The variation of $H_{ex}$ by thickness of Mn-Ir layer in ferromagnete/Mn-Ir/buffer/Si multilayers is different to that in Mn-Ir/ferromagnete/buffer/Si multilayers, because the volume distribution of grain size of Mn-Ir layer and the exchange energy at the interface between the Mn-Ir and the ferromagnetic layers is different for stacking sequence.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.103-112
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• 1995

Population pharmacokinetics for gentamicin were compared with 24 American patients (16 male and 8 female) and 16 Korean-American appendicitis patients(12 male and 4 female). Two to six blood specimens were collected from all patients at the following times: just before a regularly scheduled infusion and at 1/2 hour after the end of a 1/2 hour infusion. Nonparametric expected maximum(NPEM) algorithm for population modeling was used. The estimated parameters were the elimination rate constant(K), the slope of the relationship between K versus creatinine clearance(KS), the apparent volume of distribution(V), the slope of the relationship between V versus weight(VS), gentamicin clearance(CL) and the slope of the relationship between CL versus creatinine clearance and the VS(CS). The output includes a 3-dimensional plot of the joint probability density function(PDF), two marginal PDF, means, medians, modes, variance, skewness, kurtosis, and CV%. The mean K(KS) were 0.424$\pm$0.139(0.00429$\pm$0.00164) and 0.411$\pm$0.135 hr$^{-1}$ (0.00475$\pm$0.00180[hr.mL/min/1.73m$^{2}]^{-1}$) for American and Korean-American populations, respectively. The mean V(VS) were not different at 15.6$\pm$4.77(0.233$\pm$0.0526) and 15.1$\pm$3.84L(0.239$\pm$0.0492 L/kg) for American and Korean-American populations, respectively (P>0.2). The mean CL (CS) were 6.28$\pm$1.85(0.0634$\pm$0.0191) and 5.70$\pm$1.77 L/hr(0.0701$\pm$0.0215 L/kg[hr.mL/min/1.73m$^{2}$)] for American and Korean-American populations, respectively. There are no differences in gentamicin pharmacokinetics between American and Korean-American Appendicitis patients.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.24-35
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• 2004

In order to analyze the hydrogen distribution during a severe accident in the APR1400 containment, GASFLOW II was used. For the APR1400 NPP, a hydrogen mitigation system is considered from the design stage, but a fully time-dependent, three-dimensional analysis has not been performed yet. In this study GASFLOW code II is used for the three-dimensional analysis. The first step to analysis involving hydrogen behavior in a full containment with the GASLOW code is to generate a realistic geometry model, which includes nodalization and modeling of the internal structures such as walls, ceilings and equipment. Geometry modeling of the APR1400 is conducted using GUI program by overlapping the containment cut drawings in a graphical file format on the mesh view. The total number of mesh cells generated is 49,476. And the calculated free volume of the APR1400 containment by GASFLOW is almost the same as the value from the GOTHIC modeling. A hypothetical SB-LOCA scenario beyond design base accident was selected to analyze the hydrogen behavior with the hydrogen mitigation system. The source of hydrogen and steam for the GASFLOW II analysis is obtained from a MAAP calculation. Combustion pressure and temperature load possibilities within the compartments used in the GOTHIC analysis are studied based on the Sigma-Lambda criteria. Finally the effectiveness of HMS installed in the APR1400 containment is evaluated from the point of severe accident management

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.527-537
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• 2016

Recent automakers are trying to be more precise with the dimension check and moving parts to guarantee high quality and satisfy customer requirements. The aim of this paper is to investigate the design tolerance suitability of door operating mechanism linked arms, lever, and cam-shaft in a mobile air handling unit. These parts are complicated because doors, arms, lever and cam-shaft are connected nonlinearly in 3D. The current tolerance analysis method poses problems in design analysis because the moving doors are reasonably suitable for the AHU function. The 3-DCS analysis method provided useful results not only in establishing the inspection criteria for the quality control of products but also in enabling economical production. As a result, the vent door had $1.62^{\circ}{\sim}1.72^{\circ}$ and the defrost door had $0.84^{\circ}{\sim}0.9^{\circ}$ for the directly connected arms operating-type. For the lever connected arm operating-type, the foot door had $2.0^{\circ}{\sim}2.24^{\circ}$ tolerance, while the tolerance values satisfied the air flow volume distribution rate criteria in the AHU. Finally, the results have confirmed the design's tolerance suitability by using 3-DCS analysis at the early design stages. Reliability can be achieved by analyzing accumulated tolerance during the sub-parts assembly process and the moving mechanism linked especially by arms, lever, and cam-shaft.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Data was collected to develop equation for predicting stemp taper for Carpinus laxiflora in Jeju Experimental Forests. The Models tested for choosing the best-fit equations were Max & Burkhart's model, Kozak's model, and Lee's model. Performance of the equations in predicting stem diameter at a specific point along a stem was evaluated with fit and validation statistics and distribution of residuals on predicted values. In result, all the three models gave slightly better values of fitting statistics. In plotting residuals against predicted diameter, Max & Burkhart's model showed underestimation in predicting small diameter and Lee's Model did the same in predicting small diameter. Based on the above analysis of the three models in predicting stem taper, Kozak's model was chosen for the best-fit stem taper equations, and its parameters were given for C. laxiflora. Kozak's model was used to develop a stem volume table of outside bark for C. laxiflora.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.665-676
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• 2022

The e-commerce had been expanding in the distribution channels, recently. Then, COVID-19 and social distancing rules led to a surge of online hypermarkets volume. In this study, we examined workplace environments of delivery drivers, firstly. Second, this study was also designed to examine the influencing factors of the perceived working environments change on the job satisfaction, dealing with the recent surge of work. We analyzed 324 data using various ways like descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance, factor analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. The analysis revealed that their job satisfaction was lower than the average score and their working time was too long. In addition, the changes of the workplace environments were divided into labor intensity change and working condition change, which all had a significant effect on job satisfaction. So we should devise some long-term and short-term plans to make the level of job satisfaction among delivery drivers high on workplace environments.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.126-140
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• 2023

In this study, the cause of subsidence in limestone mine was analyzed using a LiDAR-based geometry model. Using UAV and ground-based LiDAR systems, a precise geometry model was constructed for the subsidence surface and mine tunnel, and the results of on-site geological survey and rock mass classification were utilized. Through the geometry model, distribution of thickness of crown pillar and faults around the subsidence area, calculation of the volume of the subsidence area and subsidence deposit, and analysis of the subsidence surface inclination were conducted. Through these analyzes, the causes of ground subsidence were identified.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.203-209
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• 2023

Cobalt sulfide nanocomposites were synthesized through a simple hydrothermal method as anode materials for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). In this work, a cobalt sulfide nanoparticle (CoS-NF) and a cobalt sulfide nanocomposite integrated with reduced graphene oxide (CoS@G-NC) were fabricated for electrochemical energy storage performance of battery. The as-prepared CoS@G-NC electrode exhibited reversible and stable cycle performance (62 % after 30 cycles at current density of 200 mA g^-1). The improved electrochemical property was attributed to the small grain growth and uniform distribution of cobalt sulfide during synthesis, which maximized the diffusion pathway for sodium ions and effectively suppressed the delamination and volume expansion of cobalt sulfide during the conversion reaction. The results provide promising anode materials for next-generation SIBs.