• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1117-1127
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• 2012

In this paper, the monopole antenna for satisfying GSM900/DCS1800/PCS1900/UMTS2100 services is designed. We can get the characteristic of the low frequency bands by connecting the front patch to the back patch of the antenna and get the low frequency resonance band using a front patch slit. The proposed antenna total volume is $40{\times}98{\times}1.6\;mm^3$, and it is designed on the FR-4 substrate having a relative dielectric constant of 4.4. As measurement result after fabrication, showed that the resonant frequency bandwidths are 156 MHz(828~984 MHz), 708 MHz(1.476~2.184 GHz) based on the return loss of 10 dB, and the radiation patterns show as the omnidirectional shapes for the E-field and H-field. For analyzing the human effects, the proposed antenna is mounted on the mobile-phone case. The averaged peak SAR over 1 g and 10 g is simulated and measured when the input power is 0.25 W. We have checked the variation of the SAR values when the antenna is mounted 4 different directions, then checked the direction having a relatively higher SAR. The results also satisfied the limiting SAR values which are 1.6 W/kg and 2.0 W/kg averaged over 1 g and 10 g tissues respectively.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.127-143
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• 2014

This study investigated color barley powder substituted for wheat flour in bread recipes with the amounts of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. Color barley powder consisted of 9.35% of moisture content, 9.37% of crude protein, 1.64% of crude fat and 2.96% of crude ash. Water soluble dietary fiber is 3.21, insoluble dietary fiber is 4.91, total dietary fiber content is 8.12, and ${\beta}$-glucan is 49.31. DPPH radical scavenging activity is 56.76%, total phenol content is 234.34. The farinograph measurement result of the bread made with color barley powder showed that consistency, water absorption, development time and time breakdown have decreased. The alveogram measurement result of the bread made with color barley powder showed that overpressure, extensibility, swelling index and deformation energy have increased. The amylograph measurement result of the bread made with color barley powder showed that peak viscosity, hot past viscosity and breakdown have decreased. Baking loss and specific loaf volume have decreased as the color barley powder content increased. The chromaticity measurement result showed that the 'L' and 'b' of bread have increased as the color barley powder content increased, while the chromatic 'a' value increased. The texture measurement result showed that the hardness and gumminess of bread have increased as the color barley powder content increased. cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness have decreased. Overall preference scores showed a high overall acceptability for the bread made with 10% color barley powder.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.109-139
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• 2004

The first successful sustained powered flight by Wright Brothers was further extended to the rapid development of aviation technology, that led to transpacific flights, the invention of supersonic planes, and enabled hundreds of people to travel in the space, in addition to the fact that around 10 people had stepped on the moon, all of which were made possible within the very same century. However, on the back side of this most wondrous human technology, the vulnerableness to the aviation accident has been constantly accompanied with, right from the very beginning stage of the aircraft development. Moreover, the development of future aircraft is being focused on the aircraft performance, the increment of the number of passengers aboard and also its speed. In proportion to these phenomena of mega sizing the aircraft, the development of new technology and the increment of air traffic volume, the number of aviation accident is expected to augment, resulting in the enormous loss of human lives and properties. In order to prevent the disastrous aviation accident as such, it is essential to conduct the accident investigation in a specialized, systematic and scientific manner. In search for the method to attain the effective function of the aviation accident investigation organization, in this study, issues were examined as follows: The full-time Board Members and the establishment of an integrated investigation agency, The systematized security of status as an accident investigator, Inclusion of a human factors specialist in the investigator group organization, liability limit of an accident investigator Stipulation of the definition and the investigation scope of an accident and serious incident, along with the main body of conducting the investigation into the accident involving both civil and public aircraft, in the regulations related to the accident investigation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.650-654
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• 2013

The feasibility of incorporating cinnamon as a value-added food ingredient in bakery food products was investigated using sponge cakes as a model system. Cinnamon powder was incorporated into sponge cakes at 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4% weight amounts, based on the total weight of wheat flour. Cake qualities, such as pH, moisture content, specific volume, and baking loss, decreased significantly with increasing levels of cinnamon powder added (p<0.05). In terms of color, lightness and yellowness decreased, with increasing levels of cinnamon powder. Redness significantly increased for crumb, but decreased for crust (p<0.05) with increasing levels of cinnamon powder. Hardness also significantly increased (p<0.05), while total polyphenol content significantly increased, up to a 2% addition of cinnamon powder, and gradually increased afterwards. Finally, the consumer acceptance test has indicated that higher levels of cinnamon incorporation (2% or higher, w/w) have a considerable adverse effect on consumer preferences in all attributes. In contrast, sponges cakes with a minimal level of cinnamon powder (1%, w/w) are recommended for taking advantage of the functional properties of cinnamon powder without sacrificing consumer acceptability.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.90-98
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• 2018

Purpose: We evaluated the learning curve and short-term surgical outcomes of robot-assisted distal gastrectomy (RADG) performed by a single surgeon experienced in open, but not laparoscopic, gastrectomy. We aimed to verify the feasibility of performing RADG without extensive laparoscopic experience. Materials and Methods: Between July 2012 and December 2016, 60 RADG procedures were performed by a single surgeon using the da $Vinci^{(R)}$ Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical). Patient characteristics, the length of the learning curve, surgical parameters, and short-term postoperative outcomes were analyzed and compared before and after the learning curve had been overcome. Results: The duration of surgery rapidly decreased from the first to the fourth case; after 25 procedures, the duration of surgery was stabilized, suggesting that the learning curve had been overcome. Cases were divided into 2 groups: 25 cases before the learning curve had been overcome (early cases) and 35 later cases. The mean duration of surgery was 420.8 minutes for the initial cases and 281.7 minutes for the later cases (P<0.001). The console time was significantly shorter during the later cases (168.6 minutes) than during the early cases (247.1 minutes) (P<0.001). Although the volume of blood loss during surgery declined over time, there was no significant difference between the early and later cases. No other postoperative outcomes differed between the 2 groups. Pathology reports revealed the presence of mucosal invasion in 58 patients and submucosal invasion in 2 patients. Conclusions: RADG can be performed safely with acceptable surgical outcomes by experts in open gastrectomy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.2717-2722
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• 2013

Background: The objective of this research is the computed axial tomography (CT) imaging grading of radiation induced pneumonitis (RP) and its correlation with clinical and radiotherapeutic parameters. Materials and Methods: The chest CT films of 20 patients with non-small cell lung cancer who have undergone threedimensional conformal radiation therapy were reviewed. The proposed CT grading of RP is supported on solely radiological diagnosis criteria and distinguishes five grades. The manifestation of RP was also correlated with any positive pre-existing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) history, smoking history, the FEV1 value, and the dosimetric variable V20. Results: The CT grading of RP was as follows: 3 patients (15%) presented with ground glass opacity (grade 1), 9 patients (45%) were classified as grade 2, 7 patients (35%) presented with focal consolidation, with or without elements of fibrosis (grade 3), and only one patient (5%) presented with opacity with accompanying atelectasis and loss of pulmonary volume (grade 4). Both univariate and multivariate analysis revealed as prognostic factors for the radiological grading of RP the reduction of FEV1 and the V20 (P=0.026 and P=0.003, respectively). There was also a significant (P<0.001) correlation of radiological grading of RP with FEV1 and V20 (spearman rho 0.92 and 0.93, respectively). Conclusions: The high correlation of the proposed radiological grading with the FEV1 and the V20 is giving a satisfactory clinical validity. Although the proposed grading scale seems relevant to clinical practice, further studies are needed for the confirmation of its validity and reliability.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.31-51
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• 2009

The characteristics of Jin's ideas on clinic theory can be arranged as follows. 1. Jin emphasized warming and tonifying[溫補] in treatment and the part that shows this the best is the taking care of[調理] the Vital gate[命門], kidney, liver, and spleen. His ideas were based on his understanding of a human life's origin, and was influenced by Seolgi(薛己), Joheon-ga(趙獻可) and Janggaebin(張介賓)'s Vital gate and source Gi theory(元氣說) so scholastically, he has that in common with them but was later criticized by later doctors such as Oksamjon(玉三尊) as an 'literary doctor(文字醫)' who followed the ideas of "Uigwan(醫貫)". 2. The warming and tonifying school[溫補學派], who were influenced by Taoism, said in their theory of disease outbreak[發病學說] that since one must not hurt one's Yin essence and Yang fire [陰精陽火] there is more deficiency than excess, so that was why they used tonifying methods. Jin was also like them and this point of view is universal in internal medicine, gynecology, pediatric medicine and surgery and so on. 3. Jin, who saw the negative form of pulse diagnosis[診脈] emphasized following symptoms over pulse diagnosis using the spirit of ‘finding truth based on truth[實事求是]' in "Maekgyeolcheonmi(脈訣闡微)", but emphasized 'the combination of pulse and symptoms[脈證合參]'. He understood pulse diagnosis as a defining tool for symptoms, and in "Seoksilbirok(石室秘錄)" simplified pulse diagnosis into 10 methods : floating/sunken(浮沉), slow/fast(遲數), large/fine(大小), vacuous/replete(虛實) and slippery/rough(滑澀). 4. Jin used 'large formulas(大方)' a lot that usually featured a large dose, and in " Bonchosinpyeon(本草新編)" he thought of the seven formulas(七方) and ten preparations(十劑) as the standard when using medicine. He did away with old customs and presented a 'new(新)' and 'extra(奇)' point of view. He especially used a lot of Insam(人蔘) when tonifying Gi and Geumeunhwa(金銀花) when treating sores and ulcers. 5. In the area of surgery Jin gave priority to the early finding and treatment of disease with internal treatment[內治] and was against the overuse of acupuncture. However records of surgical measures in a special situation like lung abscesses(肺癰) and liver abscesses(肝癰), and anesthetic measures using 'Manghyeongju(忘形酒)' and 'Singoiyak(神膏異藥)' and opening the abdomen or skull, and organ transplants using a dog's tongue are important data. 6. Jin stated the diseases of Gi and blood broadly. Especially in the principles of treating blood, blood diseases had to be forwarded[順] and Gi regulation[理氣] was the number one priority and stated the following two treatments. First, in "Jeonggiinhyeolpyeon(精氣引血篇)" of volume 6 of "Oegyeongmieon(外經微言)", for the rules for treating blood he stated the pattern identification of finding Gi in blood and blood in Gi. Second, he emphasized Gi regulation(理氣) in blood diseases and stated that the Gi must be tonifyed after finding the source of the loss of blood.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.124-130
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• 2006

To examine the effects of alcohol consumption on body fluid restoration and fat mobilization following exercise induced dehydration, nine healthy collegiate men ($24{\pm}2yrs,\;177{\pm}5cm,\;72{\pm}8kg,\;10.5{\pm}2.3%$ body fat) underwent three experiments. In each experiment, subjects ran on a treadmill to reduce individual body mass to $2.2{\pm}0.1%$ and consumed one of three beverages containing 0, 4, or 8% alcohol over 60 min followed by 4 hr of resting recovery. They consumed approximately 150% of weight loss $(2053{\pm}204,\;2091{\pm}149,\;and\;1943{\pm}295mL)$ and content of alcohol was $9.9{\pm}1.0(0%),\;71.9{\pm}5.1(4%)$, and $132.2{\pm}20.1g$ (8% trial). Body weight, urine volume and samples, blood samples, and thirst sensation were measured five times; at baseline, immediately after exercise, and 0, 1st, and 4th hr of recovery. Blood alcohol concentration after ingestion was $0.0{\pm}0.0(0%),\;0.1{\pm}0.02(4%)$, and $0.2{\pm}0.03%$ (8% trial). No differences in blood sodium and potassium concentrations, and urine specific gravity were noticed over time periods and trials. Thirst sensation tended to be elevated in all trials immediately after exercises and urine output was elevated during the recovery. The magnitude of changes in these variables was proportional to the alcohol concentrations, but not statistically significant. While serum osmolality was not different among trials and time periods in 0 and 4% trials, it was higher during recovery than the baseline in the 8% trial (P<0.01). Triglycerides did not change throughout the time period and among trials. Free fatty acids were elevated after exercise in all trials and 4th hr of recovery in 0% (P<0.05). Subjects' net body fluid balance at 4th hr of recovery was negatively maintained and proportional to alcohol concentrations. Only 8% trials showed a significant reduction at 1st and 4th hr of recovery compared to 0 hr. The results suggested that diuretic effect of alcohol after moderate level of dehydration appeared dose dependent, but beverage containing alcohol up to 4% did not induce impaired rehydration than alcohol free drinks. Alcohol effects on fat mobilization during recovery appeared to be minimal and the mechanism is unclear.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.7
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• pp.613-621
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• 2016

This research connected network equipment, including CCTV, PAGA, IP-PBX, and Legacy, in order to enable the operation and configuration of internal IP-based network equipment in maritime plants and vessels, both in the field and from remote places, and to allow for the support of remotely controlling such equipment. It also realized an operating program for the integrated network equipment management system to enable the monitoring and control of equipment status, operation condition, and notifications from distant places. By applying the operating program to satellite stations and vessels sailing on the sea, a performance test was conducted to evaluate data loss and transmission/reception delay in the communication section between the land and vessels. As a result, this research verified the normal operation of CCTV control and of real-time monitoring and control of the network equipment, including PAGA, IP-PBX, and Legacy under the FBB and MVSAT environments. It was observed that the transmission of CCTV video images with a large volume of data as well as the transmission and reception of voice data were found to be slightly delayed, indicating the need to develop technology to compress and convert data for real-time transmission and reception.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.94-99
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• 2000

Purpose : With the use of localized, water-suppressed in vivo $^1H$ magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), we evaluated the proton metabolic alterations in patients with chronic alcoholism and healthy normal controls. Material and Methods : Patients with chronic alcoholism (N = 10) and normal control subjects (N = 10) underwent MRS examinations using a stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) pulse sequence with $2{\times}2{\times}2{\;}\textrm{cm}^3$ volume of interest (VOI) in the left cerebellum and basal ganglia. Proton metabolite ratios relative to creative (Cr) were obtained using a Marquart algorithm. Results : The specific feature in patients with chronic alcoholism was a significant decrease of N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/Cr ratio in the left cerebellum, compared with normal controls. No clear correlation of other metabolite ratios such as choline (Cho)/Cr and inositols (Ins)/Cr was established. Conclusion : Our preliminary study suggests that the reduction of NAA/Cr ratio may indicate neuronal loss in patients with chronic alcoholism. Thus, in vivo 1H MRS may be a useful modality in the clinical evaluation of patients with chronic alcoholism based on the proton metabolite ratios.