• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.8-16
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• 2010

This paper present the diesel spray characteristics at different injection system parameters in a HSDI diesel engine. The spray characteristics was calculated by the coupled simulation of fuel injection system model and three-dimensional KIVA-3V code with TAB spray model. The relevant injection parameters are accumulator volume, control chamber initial volume, control orifice diameter, needle valve diameter and nozzle chamber initial volume, etc. Parametric investigation with respect to twelve relevant injection parameters showed that there was a significant advantage in varying control chamber initial volume, control chamber orifice diameter, and nozzle chamber orifice diameter with respect to effect the SMD and fuel injection speed. Consequently, in order to design the fuel injection system for spray characteristics, it seems reasonable to suppose to be optimized the fuel injection system.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.134-137
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• 2018

Background: In a previous study undertaken to quantify capsular volume in rotator cuff interval or axillary pouch, significant differences were found between controls and patients with instability. However, the results obtained were derived from two-dimensional cross sectional areas. In our study, we sought correlation between three-dimensional (3D) capsular volumes, as measured by magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA), and multidirectional instability (MDI) of the shoulder. Methods: The MRAs of 21 patients with MDI of the shoulder and 16 control cases with no instability were retrospectively reviewed. Capsular areas determined by MRA were translated into 3D volumes using 3D software Mimics ver. 16 (Materilise, Leuven, Belgium), and glenoid surface area was measured in axial and coronal MRA views. Then, the ratio between capsular volume and glenoid surface area was calculated, and evaluated with control group. Results: The ratio between 3D capsular volume and glenoid surface area was significantly increased in the MDI group ($3.59{\pm}0.83cm^3/cm^2$) compared to the control group ($2.53{\pm}0.62cm^3/cm^2$) (p<0.01). Conclusions: From these results, we could support that capsular volume enlargement play an important role in MDI of the shoulder using volume measurement.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.451-462
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• 2014

In this paper, Coordinated Semi-Actuated Signal Control algorithm was developed and evaluated. According to the analysis of simulation, the coordinated semi-actuated signal control led to reduced vehicle delay as the difference of traffic volume between major and minor streets was getting bigger. But when there was relatively high traffic volume, or the equivalent amount of traffic volume on major and minor streets, optimized pre-timed signal control was verified to lower delay times compared to coordinated semi-actuated signal control; however, it might increase pedestrian delay. Therefore, the coordinated semi-actuated signal control should be implemented at intersections where traffic volume is relatively low.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2022

Background: The vasoconstrictive effect of epinephrine in local anesthetics affects the heart, which leads to hesitation among dentists in injecting local anesthetics into patients with cardiovascular disease. Due to its vasoconstrictive effects, the present study investigated the effects of vasopressin administration on cardiac function in rats. Methods: Experiment 1 aimed to determine the vasopressin concentration that could affect cardiac function. An arterial catheter was inserted into the male Wistar rats. Next, 0.03, 0.3, and 3.0 U/mL arginine vasopressin (AVP) (0.03V, 0.3V, and 3.0V) was injected into the tongue, and the blood pressure was measured. The control group received normal saline only. In Experiment 2, following anesthesia infiltration, a pressure-volume catheter was placed in the left ventricle. Baseline values of end-systolic elastance, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic pressure, stroke work, stroke volume, and end-systolic elastance were recorded. Next, normal saline and 3.0V AVP were injected into the tongue to measure their effect on hemodynamic and cardiac function. Results: After 3.0V administration, systolic blood pressures at 10 and 15 min were higher than those of the control group; they increased at 10 min compared with those at baseline. The diastolic blood pressures at 5-15 min were higher than those of the control group; they increased at 5 and 10 min compared with those at baseline. The preload decreased at 5 and 10 min compared to that at baseline. However, the afterload increased from 5 to 15 min compared with that of the control group; it increased at 10 min compared with that at baseline. Stroke volume decreased at 10 and 15 min compared with that of the control group; it decreased from 5 to 15 min compared with that at baseline. Stroke work decreased from 5 to 15 min compared with that of the control group; it decreased from 5 to 15 min compared with that at baseline. Conclusion: Our results showed that 3.0 U/mL concentration of vasopressin resulted in increased blood pressure, decreased stroke volume and stoke work, decreased preload and increased afterload, without any effect on myocardial contractility.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.305-314
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• 2001

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of added green tea and black tea powder on the quality of bread during storage. Tea bread was prepared with 0.1% and 2% concentration of green tea (GT) and black tea(BT) powder. The crude fat contents of GT 2% group and BT 2% group were significantly higher than those of control group. GT l% group and BT l% group. The loaf weight of the control group was the lowest and its loaf volume was the highest. Especially, GT 2% group had the lowest loaf volume. The internal lightness value of control group was the highest. the redness value of BT 2% group and the yellowness value of GT 2% group were the highest. GT 2% group was significantly higher in hardness and gumminess and BT l% group was higher in cohesiveness and springiness. After 5 day storage, the retrogradation of GT 2% group was the highest and that of BT 2% group was the lowest among groups. After 5 day storage. pH. titratable acidity and total colony count of GT 2% group was the lowest and those of control group was the highest. The sensory score of control, GT l% and GT 2% group were evaluated higher than others. The shelf-life of tea breads were prolonged to 1~3 days by adding green tea powder and black tea powder as compared with the control group. but It must be considered the way to increase the quality of bread in loaf volume and retrogradation.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.89-94
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• 2015

Purpose : This study was analyzed to researched the improvement of the posture and breathing ability on correction method of posture and breathing exercise in Forward Head Posture(FHP) Method : Eighten forward head posture subjects participated in this study. The control group applied to correction method of posture and the experiment group applied to correction method of posture with breathing exercises. Results : The results showed significant improvement in Craniovertebra-Angle on each two group(P<0.05). All the other result showed non-significant in respiratory(Tidal volume, Expiratory residual volume, Inspiratory residual volume) But value of result is slightly improved in after exercise. Conclusion : CVA angle is increased in each group but not increased between experiment group and control group. Total Volume(TV), Inspiratory Reserve Volume(IRV) and Expiratory Reserve Volume(ERV) are a little increased.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.208-212
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• 2003

This study was performed to examine the effects of chaff as bulking materials on temperature, pH, weight and volume reduction and salinity in aerobic composting of food wastes. Volume ratios of food wastes to chaff in reactor Control, Ch-1, Ch-2, Ch-3 and Ch-4 were 4:0, 4:1, 4:2, 4:3 and 4:4, respectively. Reactors were operated for 24 days with 1 hour stirring by 1 rpm and 2 hours aeration per day. The lowering of the volume ratio of food wastes to chaff resulted in the ascending of the highest reaction temperature and the elongation of the high temperature reaction period. The lowering of the volume ratio of food wastes to chaff resulted in the more fast time of pH ascending. The lowering of the volume ratio of food wastes to chaff resulted in the more fast consistency in the weight and volume reduction rates. Salinities were condensed by reaction days. The final salinity of Control was 2.79%, and the final range of salinities of chaff mixtures was 2.18 - 2.37%.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.56-61
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• 2003

This study was performed to examine the effects of chaff as a bulking material on temperature, pH, weight and volume reduction and salinity in aerobic composting of food wastes. Volume ratios of food wastes to chaff in reactor of Control, Ch-1. Ch-2, Ch-3 and Ch-4 were 4:0, 4:1, 4:2, 4:3 and 4:4. respectively. Reactors were operated for 24 days with 1 hour stirring by 1 rpm and 2 hours aeration per day. The lowering of the volume ratio of food wasted to chaff resulted in the reaction at higher reaction temperature and the elongation of the high temperature reaction period. The lowering of the volume ratio of food wastes to chaff resulted in the more faster pH increase. The lowering of the volume ratio of food wastes to chaff resulted in the more faster reduction in the weight and the volume of wastes. Salinities were condensed by reaction days. The final salinity of Control and the final range of salinities of chaff mixtures were 2.79%, and 2.18~2.37%. respectively.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.100-102
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• 1998

This paper presents technique to control blower at constant air volume rate using V/F Control. Especially, this control method have not pressure sensors to measure because of using torque-speed relation based on the fan laws. Therefore, this technique is very simple and practical.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.341-350
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• 2007

The volume control method which utilize a pressure node added into a finite shell element can overcome the drawbacks of conventional load control method and displacement control method. In this study, an improved volume control method is introduced for effective analysis of path-dependent behaviors of RC columns subjected to lateral cyclic loading or reversed cyclic loading along with compressive loading. RC shell structures and RC hollow columns are analyzed by discretizing the structures with layered shell elements and by applying in-plane two dimensional constitutive equations for concrete layers and reinforcement layers of the shell elements. The so-called path dependent volume control method as a finite element analysis technique is verified by comparing analysis results with other data including experimental results. The validity and applicability of the modeling technique is also confirmed by the comparison.