• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.166-175
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• 2017

Hazardous volcanic activity will continue to occur in the ring of fire, a major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur. and, because of rising populations, development pressures, and expanding national and international air traffic over volcanic regions, risks to life and property through exposure to volcano hazards continue to increase. During an eruption, volcanic contamination can reach and exceed the cruising altitudes of turbine-powered aircraft, among others, within minutes and spread over vast geographical areas within a few days. Volcanic ash can affect the operation of aircraft at aerodromes. Volcanic ash deposition at an aerodrome, even in very small amounts, can result in the closure of the aerodrome until all the deposited ash has been removed. In this study, air traffic information framework is presented along with algorithms to define affected routes, waypoints and airports using GIS geometry analysis.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.6_3
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• pp.1221-1233
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• 2019

Estimating damage in each sector that can be caused by volcanic ash deposition, is very important to prepare the volcanic ash disaster. In this study, we showed predicted-Korean-volcanic-ash damage of each sector by using volcanic ash diffusion simulation and spatial-data-based volcanic ash damage sector in previous study. To this end, volcanic ash related base maps were generated by collecting and processing spatial information data. Finally, we showed Korean-volcanic-ash-deposition damages by sector using the collected Mt. Aso volcanic ash scenarios via overlapping analysis. As a result, volcanic-ash-related damages were expected to occur in the 162 and 134 districts for each Aso volcanic ash scenarios, since those districts exceeds the minimum volcanic ash damage criterion of 0.01 mm. Finally, we compared possible volcanic ash damages by sectors using collected and processed spatial data, after selecting administrative districts(Scenario 190805- Kangwon-do, Kyungsangbuk-do; Scenario 190811-Chuncheon-si, Hongcheon-si) with the largest amount of volcanic ash deposition.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.139-149
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• 2014

A new technique, namely the combination of satellite and trajectory analysis (CSTA), for exploring the spatio-temporal distribution information of volcanic ash plume (VAP) from volcanic eruption. CSTA uses the satellite derived ash property data and a matching forward-trajectories, which can generate airmass history pattern for specific VAP. In detail, VAP properties such as ash mask, aerosol optical thickness at 11 ${\mu}m$ ($AOT_{11}$), ash layer height, and effective radius from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) satellite were retrieved, and used to estimate the possibility of the ash forecasting in local atmosphere near volcano. The use of CSTA for Iceland's Eyjafjallaj$\ddot{o}$kull volcano erupted in May 2010 reveals remarkable spatial coherence for some VAP source-transport pattern. The CSTA forecasted points of VAP are consistent with the area of MODIS retrieved VAP. The success rate of the 24 hour VAP forecast result was about 77.8% in this study. Finally, the use of CSTA could provide promising results for VAP monitoring and forecasting by satellite observation data and verification with long term measurement dataset.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.691-697
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• 2017

Volcanic ash has been predicted to be the main source of damage caused by a potential volcanic disaster around Mount Baekdu and the regions of the Korean peninsula. Computer simulations to predict the diffusion of volcanic ash should be performed according to prevalent meteorological situations within a predetermined time. Therefore, a workflow using pipelining is proposed to parallelize the software used for this computation. Due to the nature of volcanic calamities, the simulations need to be carried out for various plausible conditions given that the parameters cannot be precisely determined during the simulations, even at the time of a volcanic eruption. Among the given conditions, computations need to be first performed for the condition with the highest probability so that a response to the volcanic disaster can be provided using these results. Further action can then be performed later based on subsequent results. The computations need to be performed using a volcanic disaster damage prediction system on a computing server with limited computing performance. Hence, an optimal distribution of the computing resources is required. We propose a method through which specific data can be provided first to the proposed pipeline-based workflow.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

The Baegdusan volcano is one of the most active volcanoes in northeastern Asia, and the 10th century eruption was the most voluminous eruption in the world in recent 2,000 years. During the period from 2002 to 2005, volcanic earthquakes and abnormal surface distortions by suspected subsurface magma intrusion beneath the volcano were observed in the Baegdusan area. Seismic activity has gradually increased with earthquake swarms during 2002-2003 and hundreds of seismic event in a day, especially annual peak of 2,100 in 2003. Then the number of seismic activity has declined since 2006 to the background level in 1999-2001. According to the typical frequency of volcanic earthquakes in the Baegdusan volcano, the frequency distribution of typical volcanic earthquakes between 2002 and 2005 indicates that all the main frequency of the earthquakes basically falls down less than 5 Hz and 5-10 Hz. These events are all the VT-B and LP events caused by the shallow localized fracture and intrusion of magma. The horizontal displacement measurement by GPS during the period from 2000 to 2007 of the Baegdusan stratovolcano area indicates that an inflated process has been centered at the summit caldera since 2002. The displacement between 2002 and 2003 reached at a maximum value of 4 cm. After 2003, the deformation rate of the volcano continued to decrease with unusual variation during the period from 2006 to 2007. After 2003 the vertical displacement uplift rate falls down gradually but still keeps in an uplift trend in northern slope. It is generally believed that when $^3He/^4He(R)$ in a gas sample from a hot spring exceeds $^3He/^4He(R)$ in the atmosphere, it can be concluded that mantle-source. And temperatures of hot springs are rising steadily to $83^{\circ}C$. It is unrest signals at the Baegdusan, which is potentially active. The Baegdusan volcano is now in unrest status, there is eruption threat in the near future. Intensified monitoring and emergency response plan for volcanic risk mitigation are urgent for the volcano.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.871-880
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• 2011

The purpose of this research is to explore preservice earth science teachers' understanding of volcanic systems using a modified version of InVEST Volcanic Concept Survey (InVEST VCS, Parham et al., 2010). Results showed that participants' understanding of volcanic concepts was rather limited. Questions requiring only basic content knowledge (e.g., terminology associated with volcano) received high scoring responses, while questions requiring higher order thinking and deeper conceptual connections as the mechanics of volcanic eruption received low scoring responses. Specifically, the prediction of hazards and impacts on the environment appeared to be poorly understood. VCS results can be applied to improve the subject content knowledge as well as the pedagogical knowledge that instructors may use when they assess students' understanding of volcanism within a solid conceptual framework.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.259-266
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to establish the management standards of water systems in Korea. The damage factors of the water systems were classified by accumulation, adsorption, and abrasion. According to the thickness of volcanic ash, the management stage of the water systems was derived in four steps; VAD (Volcanic Ash Degree) I (0~1 mm), II (1~3 mm), III (3~5 mm), IV (over 5 mm). Finally, the management standards for water systems which consist of alarm levels, impacts of volcanic ashes, procedures and action plan to deal with the damage, are presented.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.462-477
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to determine the petrology of basalt and the volcanic process in the Seondol cinder cone, Seobjikoji area, eastern Jeju Island. The Seondol cinder cone is mainly composed of spatters in the lower part, pyroclastic deposits including reddish brown blocks, ashes with volcanic bombs in the middle part, and dark black scoria deposits in the upper part. The volcanic sequences suggest volcanic processes that progress through Strombolian eruption and end with Hawaiian lava effusion which breached the cinder cone northwestward and extended over northwestward as lava delta and basalt emplaced as a volcanic neck in the central part of crater in the cinder cone. The age of basalt lava flows is about $95\;{\pm}\;3\;ka$. The basalts belong to transitional basalt and show products of fractional crystallization of clinopyroxene and olivine from a parental basalt magma on the basis of variation diagram of major, trace and rare earth elements. Basalts in the region of this study are plotted at the region of within plate basalt.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.445-454
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• 1993

The Keumseongsan caldera is composed of the Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of the Gyeonesang Supergroup, volcanic rocks of the Yucheon Group and basic dykes. The Keumseongsan caldera is formed by subsidence of volcanic rocks, and arc fault developed late. Also, synistral strike-slip fault ($N60^{\circ}W$) developed. Volcanic rocks belong to subalkaline rocks and calcalkaline magma series. First tuffaceous breccia erupted before 71.4 Ma and cavity of magma chamber caused subsidence, which formed arc fault. Basaltic lava erupted at 71.4 Ma and residual fluids containing Fe, As, Pb, Zn and Cu metal elements built the Ohto deposits, which are dated to be 70.5 Ma based on K-Ar age for sericite. Tuffaceous breccia and tuff erupted between 70.5 and 67 Ma. When volcanic eruption became weakened, cavity in site of magma chamber brought subsidence. Rhyolite intruded and erupted at 67 Ma, and intrusive rhyolite intruded according to arc faults, also. Hydrothermal fluids containing Fe, As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Sb, Bi, Au and Ag formed the Tohyeon deposits. K-Ar age for sericite from the Tohyeon mine gives 66.0 Ma. Results of field exploration, geochemical analyses of volcanic rocks support mineralization possibility by volcanism. Especially, age of volcanism and mineralization are well in coincidence with results of K-Ar age dating. By these results, Ohto Cu mineralization is regarded to be associcated with basaltic rocks, while Tohyeon Cu mineralization with rhyolitic rocks.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.303-314
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• 2014

Mt. SAKRAJIMA in southern Kagosima, japan is one of the most active volcanoes in the world. On 18 August 2013, the SAKRAJIMA volcano recently went into the largest scaled eruption with a huge plume of volcanic ash. Therefore, the concern arises if this considerable amount of ashes might flow into the Korea peninsula as well as Japan. In this paper, we performed numeric experiment to analyze how volcanic product resulted from the SAKRAJIMA volcano has impacted on Korea. In order to predict the spread pathway of ash, HYSPLIT model and UM data has been used and 17th September 2013 has been selected as observation date since it is expected that the volcanic ash would flow into the South Korea. In addition, we have detected ash dispersion by using optical Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite- Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (COMS-GOCI) images. As the results, we come to a very satisfactory conclusion that the spread pathway of volcanoes based on HYSPLIT model are matched 63.52 % with ash dispersion area detected from GOCI satellites image.